Structure and luminescence characteristics of self-activated vanadate garnet phosphors.

Vanadate phosphors include [VO4] tetrahedra with Td symmetry. Due to the charge transfer (CT) between V5+-O2-, the phosphor with [VO4] tetrahedra exhibits strong emission in the visible region and can effectively absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Garnet structured vanadate phosphors have attracted much attention due to their easily controllable composition. In this paper, we successfully prepared phosphors with high quantum efficiency. The lattice structure and luminescent properties of the samples were studied in detail. Vanadate garnet phosphors have the same structure. The phosphors exhibit broadband emission peaks under 266 nm and 355 nm near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation, emitting bright greenish-white and yellowish-white light. The emission wavelength of the phosphor is red-shifted. The phosphors exhibit high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) for the NaSr2Mg2V3O12 and KCa2Mg2V3O12 samples. In this paper, the structure and luminescence characteristics of greenish-white-emitting and yellowish-white-emitting vanadate phosphors with high quantum efficiency are investigated.

Serum amyloid A contributes to radiation-induced lung injury by activating macrophages through FPR2/Rac1/NF-κB pathway.

Patients who receive thoracic radiotherapy may suffer from radiation-induced lung injury, but the treatment options are limited as the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using a mouse model of right thorax irradiation with fractionated doses of X-rays for three consecutive days (8 Gy/per day), this study found that the thoracic irradiation (Th-IR) induced tissue injury with aberrant infiltration of macrophages, and it significantly increased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, TGF-ß1 and serum amyloid A (SAA) in mice. Interestingly, SAA could activate macrophages and then induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung epithelial cells and fibrosis progression in lung tissue. Mechanistically, SAA enhanced the transient binding of FPR2 to Rac1 protein and further activated NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages. Inhibition of FPR2 significantly reduced pulmonary fibrosis induced by SAA administration in mice. In addition, cimetidine could reduce the level of SAA release after irradiation and attenuate the lung injury induced by SAA or Th-IR. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SAA activated macrophages via FPR2/Rac1/NF-κB pathway and might contribute to the Th-IR induced lung injury, which may provide a new strategy to attenuate radiation-induced adverse effects during radiotherapy.

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of tuberculosis among students in a large province of China, 2008-2018.

This study examines tuberculosis (TB) incidence among students in Jilin Province, China, focusing on spatial, temporal, and demographic dynamics in areas of social inequality. Variation in incidence rate of TB was analyzed using the joinpoint regression method. Spatial analyses techniques included the global and local Moran indices and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis. Demographic changes in new cases were analyzed descriptively, and the Geodetector method measured the influence of risk factors on student TB incidence. The analysis revealed a declining trend in TB cases, particularly among male students. TB incidence showed geographical heterogeneity, with lower rates in underdeveloped rural areas compared to urban regions. Significant spatial correlations were observed, with high-high clusters forming in central Jilin Province. Hotspots of student TB transmission were primarily concentrated in the southwestern and central regions from 2008 to 2018. Socio-economic factors exhibited nonlinear enhancement effects on incidence rates, with a dominant bifactor effect. High-risk zones were predominantly located in urban centers, with university and high school students showing higher incidences than other educational stages. The study revealed economic determinants as being especially important in affecting TB incidence among students, with these factors having nonlinear interacting effects on student TB incidence.

WormCNN-Assisted Establishment and Analysis of Glycation Stress Models in C. elegans: Insights into Disease and Healthy Aging.

Glycation Stress (GS), induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), significantly impacts aging processes. This study introduces a new model of GS of Caenorhabditis elegans by feeding them Escherichia coli OP50 cultured in a glucose-enriched medium, which better simulates human dietary glycation compared to previous single protein-glucose cross-linking methods. Utilizing WormCNN, a deep learning model, we assessed the health status and calculated the Healthy Aging Index (HAI) of worms with or without GS. Our results demonstrated accelerated aging in the GS group, evidenced by increased autofluorescence and altered gene expression of key aging regulators, daf-2 and daf-16. Additionally, we observed elevated pharyngeal pumping rates in AGEs-fed worms, suggesting an addictive response similar to human dietary patterns. This study highlights the profound effects of GS on worm aging and underscores the critical role of computer vision in accurately assessing health status and aiding in the establishment of disease models. The findings provide insights into glycation-induced aging and offer a comprehensive approach to studying the effects of dietary glycation on aging processes.

collectNET: a web server for integrated inference of cell-cell communication network.

Cell-cell communication (CCC) through ligand-receptor (L-R) pairs forms the cornerstone for complex functionalities in multicellular organisms. Deciphering such intercellular signaling can contribute to unraveling disease mechanisms and enable targeted therapy. Nonetheless, notable biases and inconsistencies are evident among the inferential outcomes generated by current methods for inferring CCC network. To fill this gap, we developed collectNET (http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/collectnet) as a comprehensive web platform for analyzing CCC network, with efficient calculation, hierarchical browsing, comprehensive statistics, advanced searching, and intuitive visualization. collectNET provides a reliable online inference service with prior knowledge of three public L-R databases and systematic integration of three mainstream inference methods. Additionally, collectNET has assembled a human CCC atlas, including 126 785 significant communication pairs based on 343 023 cells. We anticipate that collectNET will benefit researchers in gaining a more holistic understanding of cell development and differentiation mechanisms. Database URL: http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/collectnet.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Thiolation of 8-Methylquinolines Promoted by Benzoic Anhydride.

Herein, we developed a ligand-promoted Rh(III)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H thiolation of 8-methylquinolines. The effect of ligands on improving the activity of the catalytic centers has been studied in detail and proven to be significant. Various substituents are well tolerated under this reaction condition to provide potential precursors for organic synthesis. The mechanistic study suggests that the reaction may proceed through a five-membered rhodacycle intermediate via thiolation twice.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of hypochlorite (ClO-) and gallium (III) (Ga3+) ions in environmental and food samples.

Hypochlorite (ClO-) and gallium (Ⅲ) ions (Ga3+) have extensive applications in various human industries and daily activities. However, their inherent toxicity poses significant risks to environmental preservation and human well-being. Hence, the development of reliable and handy detection tools for ClO- and Ga3+ in the environment and food is crucial. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescent probe was prepared based on benzothiazolaldehyde and pyridine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide, which exhibited exceptional performance characteristics for the selective detection of ClO- and Ga3+. These features include high specificity, low detection limits (0.28 µM for ClO-, 0.13 µM for Ga3+), mild pH conditions (pH 4-11 for ClO-, pH 6-11 for Ga3+), fast response time (within 30 s), as well as versatile applicability across different matrices such as water, soil, food, and plant samples. Additionally, this probe can be used with a smartphone color recognition app. The probe offers a convenient and effective tool for the detection of ClO- and Ga3+, demonstrating its potential application value in environmental monitoring and food safety.

Identification and Full-Length Sequence Analysis of a Novel Recombinant Goat Astrovirus Genotype in Guangxi, China.

Astroviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses capable of infecting humans as well as a wide range of mammalian and avian species, with a length of approximately 6.6-7.7 kb. In this study, 139 goat fecal samples collected from the Guangxi province were used for the RT-PCR detection, and two of these were positive for goat astrovirus, with a positivity rate of 1.44% (2/139). The complete genome sequence of an astrovirus strain and the partial genome sequence of a strain astrovirus, named GX WZ 2023 and GX HC 2023, were amplified and sequenced, and their sequence lengths were 6284 nt and 6213 nt, respectively. Among them, the capsid protein of goat astrovirus GX HC 2023 showed the highest amino acid identity of 95.9% with ovine astrovirus GX, which belonged to the MAstV-2 genotype. However, the closest relative of the GX WZ 2023 strain was found to be the caprine astrovirus Sichuan, with a nucleotide sequence identity of 76.8%. The ORF1ab nonstructural protein of this strain showed the highest amino acid identities of 89.2 and 95.8% with the ovine astrovirus S5.1 and caprine astrovirus G5.1 strains, respectively. However, its ORF2 capsid protein has 68.4% amino acid identity with the bovine astrovirus (BAstV) 16 2021 CHN strain and only 21.9-64% amino acid identity with all available strains of goat astrovirus. The GX WZ 2023 strain was recombined with the Chinese (BAstV 16 2021 CHN) and Japanese bovine strains (BAstV JPN 2015) in the ORF2 region. Therefore, the goat astrovirus GX WZ 2023 is proposed as a new member of the family goat astroviridae based on the species classification criteria of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. These findings enhance our understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of goat astrovirus and provide a scientific basis for future studies of these viruses in other animals.

A versatile fluorescent probe for the ratiometric detection of hydrazine (N2H4) in water, soil, plant, and food samples.

Hydrazine (N2H4) is a crucial chemical raw material extensively utilized in chemical production. However, due to its volatility, water solubility, and high toxicity, both the gaseous form and aqueous solution of N2H4 pose significant environmental risks by causing severe pollution that can adversely impact plants, microorganisms, and human health. Therefore, accurate detection of N2H4 in the environment is imperative for safeguarding public health. In this study, we synthesized a ratiometric fluorescent probe (BCaz-Cy2) based on Carbazole and Hemicyanine groups. This probe exhibits simple synthesis procedure, rapid response time, high sensitivity and selectivity as well as remarkable detection signals. It enables effective detection of N2H4 in various matrices such as water, food, soil and plant samples thereby significantly expanding the scope of applications for N2H4 probes.

Isolation and identification of a novel porcine-related recombinant mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 strain from cattle in Guangxi Province, China.

The Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infects various mammals, including humans, and is linked to gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological diseases. A recent outbreak in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China, led to the isolation of a new MRV strain, GXLZ2301, from fecal samples. This strain replicates in multiple cell lines and forms lattice-like structures. Infected cells exhibit single-cell death and syncytia formation. The virus's titers peaked at 107.2 TCID50/0.1 mL in PK-15 and BHK cells, with the lowest at 103.88 TCID50/0.1 mL in A549 cells. Electron microscopy showed no envelope with a diameter of about 70 nm. Genetic analysis revealed GXLZ2301 as a recombinant strain with gene segments from humans, cows, and pigs, similar to type 3 MRV strains from Italy (2015-2016). Pathogenicity tests indicated that while the bovine MRV strain did not cause clinical symptoms in mice, it caused significant damage to the gut, lungs, liver, kidneys, and brain. The emergence of this MRV strain may pose a threat to the health of animals and humans, and it is recommended that its epidemiology and recombination be closely monitored.

Depressive symptom mediates the association between the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment: a multi-center cross-sectional study based on community older adults.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the multiple chronic conditions (MCC), mental health and cognitive function of older adults in the community, and to propose a hypothesis that depressive symptom mediate the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment in older adults. Method: Participants aged 65 years and older from 35 communities in 14 cities in Guangxi, China were recruited. The residents' depressive symptom (PHQ-9) and cognitive status (AD-8) were evaluated, Chi-square test was used to explore the effects of different socio-demographic characteristics on depressive symptom and cognitive impairment. Pearson correlation analysis and the process model 4 were used to explore the relationship between the number of chronic diseases, depressive symptom and cognitive impairment. Result: A total of 11,582 older adults were included in our analysis. The rate of MCC reaching 26.53%. Hypertension combined with diabetes accounts for the highest proportion of two chronic diseases (13.2%). Among the combination of three chronic diseases, the highest incidence of coexisting hypertension combined with cervical/lumbar spondylosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (7.1%). In this study, depression symptoms accounted for 12.9% of older adults aged 65 and above, and cognitive impairment accounted for 27.4%. Female, older age, reside in urban areas, lower educational levels, no spouse, live alone, and MCC were risk factors for depressive symptom and cognitive impairment in older adults (P<0.05). Depressive symptom had a mediating effect in the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment, and the mediating effect (1.109) accounted for 44.13% of the total effect (0.247). Conclusion: The mental health of the older adult needs to be taken seriously, and improving depressive symptom can reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment in older patients with MCC to a certain extent.

Structural characterization of Li2(MgxZn1-x)2W2O9 for bluish-white luminescence in rare earth-free tungstate phosphors.

Self-activated phosphors have attracted considerable attention due to their low synthesis temperature, high excitation threshold, and broad emission spectrum. And self-activated tungstate phosphors are distinguished by their low cost and stable chemical properties. Generally, it is difficult to observe luminescence from tungstate phosphors at room temperature. Furthermore, blue-emitting tungstate phosphors with high quantum efficiency are rarely reported. In this study, we succeeded in discovering high quantum-efficiency bluish-white-emitting Li2(MgxZn1-x)2W2O9 phosphors and investigating their detailed crystal structures. Upon near-ultraviolet excitation at 266 nm, these phosphors exhibit a broadband emission peak. The red shift of emission is slight with increasing Zn content in Li2(MgxZn1-x)2W2O9. A highly compact octahedral [WO6] unit is observed in the Li2(MgxZn1-x)2W2O9 phosphors. The phosphors exhibit high internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of 68.70% (M = Mg), 43.90% (M = Mg0.5Zn0.5), and 22.90% (M = Zn), respectively. This study provides a bluish-white-emitting tungstate phosphor with high quantum efficiency.

A deep learning system for myopia onset prediction and intervention effectiveness evaluation in children.

The increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide presents a significant public health challenge. A key strategy to combat myopia is with early detection and prediction in children as such examination allows for effective intervention using readily accessible imaging technique. To this end, we introduced DeepMyopia, an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision support system to detect and predict myopia onset and facilitate targeted interventions for children at risk using routine retinal fundus images. Based on deep learning architecture, DeepMyopia had been trained and internally validated on a large cohort of retinal fundus images (n = 1,638,315) and then externally tested on datasets from seven sites in China (n = 22,060). Our results demonstrated robustness of DeepMyopia, with AUCs of 0.908, 0.813, and 0.810 for 1-, 2-, and 3-year myopia onset prediction with the internal test set, and AUCs of 0.796, 0.808, and 0.767 with the external test set. DeepMyopia also effectively stratified children into low- and high-risk groups (p < 0.001) in both test sets. In an emulated randomized controlled trial (eRCT) on the Shanghai outdoor cohort (n = 3303) where DeepMyopia showed effectiveness in myopia prevention compared to NonCyc-based model, with an adjusted relative reduction (ARR) of -17.8%, 95% CI: -29.4%, -6.4%. DeepMyopia-assisted interventions attained quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.04) per person and avoided blindness years of 13.54 (95% CI: 9.57, 18.83) per 1 million persons compared to natural lifestyle with no active intervention. Our findings demonstrated DeepMyopia as a reliable and efficient AI-based decision support system for intervention guidance for children.

Predictive value of blood coagulation and routine blood indices for rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in hepatitis B-related cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric fundal varices: a logistic regression model analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of blood coagulation and routine blood indices for rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of ruptured esophagogastric fundal varices (EGVB) in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B infection. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 248 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and EGVB who received initial endoscopic treatment from October 2019 to March 2022 and were followed up for 12 months. Patients were divided into rebleeding and non-rebleeding groups. Laboratory indices were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors of rebleeding. The efficacy of a logistic regression model was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and a risk factor nomogram was constructed for assessing the predictive efficiency of those risk factors. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed significant differences in portal vein diameters and lower Child-Pugh scores in the rebleeding group in contrast to those in the non-rebleeding group. Key laboratory markers such as platelet count (PLT), albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lymphocytes (LYM), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were lower, while prothrombin time (PT) and lactate levels (LN) were higher in the rebleeding group than those in the non-rebleeding group. Multivariate analysis identified portal vein diameter, PLT, ALT, PT, LYM, and PNI as significant predictors of rebleeding. The logistic model demonstrated high accuracy (AUC=0.986) and clinical value, validated by ROC curves, calibration curves (C-index =0.986), and DCA results. A risk factor predictive nomogram was successfully constructed. CONCLUSION: This study developed a logistic regression model with a nomogram for predicting EGVB-related rebleeding in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis, achieving an AUC of 0.986, indicating high accuracy and significant clinical relevance.

Link between childhood obesity and gut microbiota.

Childhood obesity is a critical global health concern with rising prevalence and significant long-term health implications. Recent studies have implicated gut microbiota in the development and progression of obesity. This editorial analyzes the research conducted by Li et al, who utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the gut microbiome of overweight and healthy-weight children. The study found significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between the two groups, with potential implications for understanding and managing childhood obesity. We analyzed the study's advantages and drawbacks, proposing potential areas for future research to better understand the connection between gut microbiota and obesity.

Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochromes P450: implications in drug interactions and pharmacotherapy.

Cytochrome P40 (CYP) enzymes dominate the metabolism of numerous endogenous and xenobiotic substances. While it is commonly believed that CYP-catalysed reactions result in the detoxication of foreign substances, these reactions can also yield reactive intermediates that can bind to cellular macromolecules to cause cytotoxicity or irreversibly inactivate CYPs that create them.Mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) produces either irreversible or quasi-irreversible inactivation and is commonly caused by CYP metabolic bioactivation to an electrophilic reactive intermediate. Many drugs that have been known to cause MBI in CYPs have been discovered as perpetrators in drug-drug interactions throughout the last 20-30 years.This review will highlight the key findings from the recent literature about the mechanisms of CYP enzyme inhibition, with a focus on the broad mechanistic elements of MBI for widely used drugs linked to the phenomenon. There will also be a brief discussion of the clinical or pharmacokinetic consequences of CYP inactivation with regard to drug interaction and toxicity risk.Gaining knowledge about the selective inactivation of CYPs by common therapeutic drugs helps with the assessment of factors that affect the systemic clearance of co-administered drugs and improves comprehension of anticipated interactions with other drugs or xenobiotics.

[Comparison of efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapy and rituximab targeting therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy].

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of three treatment modalities (rituximab targeted B-cell therapy, calcium-phosphate inhibitor in conjunction with low-dose corticosteroids, and full-dose corticosteroids combined with cyclophosphamide) for patients at intermediate or high risk of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and to analyze the factors impacting the remission rates of IMN. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze patients diagnosed with IMN in our nephrology department via renal biopsy, identifying a total of 148 patients at intermediate or high risk. These patients were categorized into three treatment groups: a RTX group with 60 patients receiving rituximab, a CNI group with 42 patients receiving calcineurin inhibitors, and a CTX group with 46 patients received cyclophosphamide. Baseline measurements of 24-hour urine protein, serum albumin, blood creatinine, uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody levels were recorded at the onset of the follow-up. Subsequently, changes in 24-hour urine protein, eGFR, remission rates, and occurrence of adverse events among the three patient groups were compared at 6, 12, and 18 months post-treatment. Moreover, COX regression analysis was employed to ascertain factors influencing the remission rate of IMN. Results At the outset of the follow-up period, no significant difference existed in baseline characteristics such as gender, age, 24-hour urine protein quantification, serum albumin, serum creatinine, uric acid, eGFR, serum anti-PLA2R antibody levels, body mass index (BMI), and systolic blood pressure among the patients, indicating the comparability of three groups. After 6 months, there were no notable changes in 24-hour urine protein quantification and eGFR among the three groups; however, remission rates in the RTX and CTX groups were lower than those in the CNI group. By the 12-month mark, 24-hour urine protein quantification in the RTX group significantly decreased compared to the CTX group, with overall remission rates showing no significant differences among the three groups. By the 18-month milestone, 24-hour urine protein quantification in the RTX group remained notably lower than that in the CTX group, with significantly higher eGFR levels. Additionally, the CTX group exhibited lower 24-hour urine protein quantification compared to the CNI group, with both RTX and CTX groups displaying higher remission rates than the CNI group. Predominant adverse reactions in the RTX group included infusion reactions and infections, whereas the CNI group were associated with metabolic syndrome and elevated serum creatinine, and the CTX group primarily experienced hepatic dysfunction. Multifactorial COX regression analysis revealed an association between baseline anti-PLA2R antibodies and remission rates of IMN (HR=1.162, 95% CI 1.078-1.249). Conclusion RTX therapy for IMN exhibits a gradual onset of action, boasting a superior disease remission rate at 18 months in comparison to CNI. It demonstrates a similarity to CTX in this aspect and offers prolonged maintenance of remission. Conversely, CNI demonstrates a rapid onset of action but poses a risk of exacerbating renal impairment in patients. Notably, elevated levels of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies emerge as an independent risk factor influencing remission in IMN.

Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease.

This editorial provides commentary on an article titled "Potential and limitations of ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI) in medical safety education" recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases. AI has enormous potential for various applications in the field of Kawasaki disease (KD). One is machine learning (ML) to assist in the diagnosis of KD, and clinical prediction models have been constructed worldwide using ML; the second is using a gene signal calculation toolbox to identify KD, which can be used to monitor key clinical features and laboratory parameters of disease severity; and the third is using deep learning (DL) to assist in cardiac ultrasound detection. The performance of the DL algorithm is similar to that of experienced cardiac experts in detecting coronary artery lesions to promoting the diagnosis of KD. To effectively utilize AI in the diagnosis and treatment process of KD, it is crucial to improve the accuracy of AI decision-making using more medical data, while addressing issues related to patient personal information protection and AI decision-making responsibility. AI progress is expected to provide patients with accurate and effective medical services that will positively impact the diagnosis and treatment of KD in the future.

A Comprehensive Analysis of LYAR in Colorectal Cancer: Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health challenge with a need for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This work aimed to investigate the biological mechanisms and clinical value of Ly1 antibody reactive (LYAR) in CRC. Methods: We analyzed LYAR mRNA expression across multiple public databases, including genotype-tissue expression, gene expression omnibus, Oncomine, and the cancer genome atlas, alongside in-house immunohistochemical data to evaluate LYAR protein expression in CRC and non-CRC colorectal tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to elucidate LYAR's biological functions, and its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment was assessed using CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques. In addition, LYAR's association with clinicopathological features and patient prognosis was explored, and its influence on drug sensitivity was investigated using the Connectivity Map database. Results: LYAR was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with non-CRC colorectal counterparts, associated with altered immune cell composition and enhanced RNA processing, splicing, and cell cycle regulation. High LYAR expression correlated with poor disease-free and overall survival, underscoring its prognostic value. GSEA revealed LYAR's involvement in critical cellular processes and pathways, including DNA repair, cell cycle, and mTORC1 signaling. Correlation analysis identified genes positively and negatively associated with LYAR, leading to the discovery of temsirolimus and WYE-354, mTOR inhibitors, as potential therapeutic agents for CRC. Furthermore, LYAR expression predicted increased sensitivity to cetuximab in RAS wild-type metastatic CRC, indicating its utility as a biomarker for treatment responsiveness. Conclusions: LYAR's upregulation in CRC highlights its potential as a biomarker for prognosis and therapeutic targeting, offering insights into CRC pathology and suggesting new avenues for treatment optimization.

The anti-tumor effects of cosmosiin through regulating AhR/CYP1A1-PPARγ in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the threatening malignant tumors with the highest mortality and incidence rate over the world. There are a lot of breast cancer patients dying every year due to the lack of effective and safe therapeutic drugs. Therefore, it is highly necessary to develop more effective drugs to overcome breast cancer. As a glycoside derivative of apigenin, cosmosiin is characterized by low toxicity, high water solubility, and wide distribution in nature. Additionally, cosmosiin has been shown to perform anti-tumor effects in cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. However, its pharmacological effects on breast cancer and its mechanisms are still unknown. In our study, the anti-breast cancer effect and mechanism of cosmosiin were investigated by using breast cancer models in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that cosmosiin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of breast cancer cells in vitro and suppressed the growth of tumor in vivo through binding with AhR and inhibiting it, thus regulating the downstream CYP1A1/AMPK/mTOR and PPARγ/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways. Collectively, our findings have made contribution to the development of novel drugs against breast cancer by targeting AhR and provided a new direction for the research in the field of anti-breast cancer therapy.