Morphologic Spectrum of Duodenal Biopsies in Malabsorption: A Study from Southern India.

INTRODUCTION: Duodenal endoscopic biopsy is a common investigation for various non-neoplastic conditions. Malabsorption is a common indication for duodenal biopsy in our setting. AIM: Our study was undertaken to study the morphologic spectrum of non-neoplastic conditions of duodenum emphasizing on Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IELs) and to have a clinico-pathologic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study. Duodenal biopsies from 101 patients with symptoms of malabsorption were studied according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was taken. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and serological parameters were collected wherever available. Histomorphological parameters were studied on Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections. Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were done on CD3, CD4 and CD8 Immunohistochemical (IHC) stained sections and correlated. RESULTS: We studied 101 duodenal biopsies. Our spectrum included 16 patients of celiac disease (CD) (15.8%), 15 autoimmune duodenitis (14%), 13 nutritional deficiency associated duodenitis (12.8%), five infectious duodenitis (5%) and 41 patients of non-specific duodenitis (40.6%) and 10.9% miscellaneous causes of duodenitis. Villous crypt architecture, IEL counts; villous tip IEL counts were statistically significant between CD and other disease groups. CONCLUSION: A constellation of clinical, serological, endoscopic and histopathologic features is essential in diagnosing CD and autoimmune duodenitis. Biopsy is also a useful tool in diagnosing infectious duodenitis that are missed in other investigations.

Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis at a tertiary care centre in South India.

BACKGROUND: Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) is one of the important causes of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory profile of 68 patients with NCPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: NCPF is defined as liver disease with: (1) evidence of portal hypertension; (2) a liver biopsy showing no cirrhosis or a Tc-labelled sulphur colloid scan showing a pattern suggestive of NCPF; and (3) a patent splenoportal axis. The clinical, laboratory and demographic features of 68 patients with such criteria were studied and analysed. RESULTS: NCPF was common in women (73.5%) in the fourth decade of life. The median duration of illness was 24 months (range, 1 month-28 years). Patients presented to hospital with the sensation of a mass in the abdomen (50%) or with haematemesis (26.5%). They had splenomegaly (95.6%) and thrombocytopenia (88.2%). The majority of patients had normal liver function tests. Abdominal ultrasonography showed increased periportal and peri gallbladder echoes (72%), spontaneous collaterals (41.2%) and ascites (19.1%). Liver biopsy revealed portal venous sclerosis (76.3%) and periportal fibrosis (55.3%). Tc-labelled sulphur colloid scan was suggestive of NCPF in the remaining 30 cases. CONCLUSION: NCPF is common in South India. Transient ascites occurs due to decompensation of liver function after variceal bleeding and in long standing cases of NCPF. Our study used Tc-sulphur scan for diagnosing NCPF in patients where liver biopsy was contraindicated in view of severe thrombocytopenia; however, the diagnostic utility of Tc-sulphur nuclear scan to diagnose NCPF in patients with severe hypersplenism needs to be further evaluated in future studies.

Hepatogastric fistula: a rare complication of pyogenic liver abscess.

Hepatogastric fistula is very rare. We report a case of hepatogastric fistula as a complication of pyogenic liver abscess. A 40-year-old man presented with upper abdominal pain and high-grade fever of 2 weeks. Evaluation revealed multiple liver abscesses. On an empirical diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess, he was treated with antibiotics. During hospital stay he developed intermittent large quantity bilious vomiting. Gastroduodenoscopy and contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen showed rupture of left lobe liver abscess into the stomach. As expectant management failed to resolve the abscess, endoscopic retrograde papillotomy and stenting of common bile duct was performed. After endoscopic stenting, symptoms subsided. Imaging repeated after 2 weeks of endoscopic stenting showed resolving abscess. He was discharged and is doing well on regular follow-ups. We conclude that hepatogastric fistula can be managed by endoscopic stenting as bile flow through the stent hastens resolution and healing of the fistula.

Metachronous multiple primary malignant neoplasms of the stomach and the breast: report of two cases with review of literature.

Multiple primary malignant neoplasm is the occurrence of a second primary malignancy in the same patient within 6 months of the detection of first primary (synchronous), or 6 months or more after primary detection (metachronous). Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are not very frequently encountered in clinical practice. The relative risk for a second primary malignancy increases by 1.111-fold every month from the detection of the first primary malignancy in any individual. We present 2 patients treated for carcinoma of the breast who developed a metachronous primary malignancy in the stomach to highlight the rare occurrence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms. These tumors were histologically dissimilar, with distinct immunohistochemical parameters. The importance lies in carefully identifying the second primary malignancies, not dismissing them as metastases, and treating them accordingly.