[Features of olfactory impairment connected with trigeminal nerve system]. / Osobennosti narusheniya obonyaniya v aspekte sistemy troinichnogo nerva.

Data on the state of sense of smell in patients who had a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus are currently reduced because of the impairment of the olfactory nerve system. There are practically no results in studies of disorders in the trigeminal nerve system. OBJECTIVE: Qualitative assessment of olfactory disorders after COVID-19 according to the system of olfactory and trigeminal nerves with a targeted assessment of the functional component of olfactory disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 40 patients aged 19 to 66 who had a coronavirus infection. All patients underwent neurological, otorhinolaryngological examinations, olfactometry, filled out the hospital anxiety and depression scale. RESULTS: Anosmia was diagnosed in 5 (12.5%) patients, hyposmia in 21 (52.5%) patients, and normosmia in 14 (35%) patients. Formed: the 1st group - 14 patients (35%) with normogram according to olfactometry; the 2nd group - 26 patients (65%) with anosmia/hyposmia. In the 1st group, disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum were significantly more common. In the 2nd group, a low identification of odors was found, lying in the spectrum of fresh, sharp, unpleasant, irritating, compared with sweet and pleasant or neutral, which indicates a predominant lesion of the trigeminal system. CONCLUSION: In patients with complaints of impaired sense of smell after undergoing COVID-19, the possible functional nature of anosmia/hyposmia should be taken into account, which requires the referral of such patients to psychotherapeutic specialists, and the possible entry of olfactory disorders into the 'trigeminal' spectrum.

[Involvement of the trigeminal nerve system in the sense of smell]. / Uchastie sistemy troinichnogo nerva v obonyanii.

A systematic review of literature on the issue of involvement in the sense of smell, as well as the interaction between the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, was carried out. The article discusses the features of the chemical perception systems, as well as the treatment of olfactory disorders using transcranial electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve.

[The laryngeal condition in the patients presenting with euthyroid multinodular goiter as evaluated by direct laryngoscopy]. / Sostoianie gortani u bol'nykh éutireoidnym mnogouzlovym zobom po dannym priamoi laringoskopii.

The objective of the present study was to improve diagnostics of disturbances in the laryngeal condition of the patients presenting with euthyroid multinodular goiter with special reference to the condition of the upper respiratory passages. The preoperative characteristic of 398 patients included the description of the predominant clinical syndrome (the neoplastic and compressive variants) and specification of the morphological type of the disease to promote the decrease of operative activity with respect to colloidal proliferative goiter. Direct laryngoscopy was employed in addition to the traditional diagnostic techniques during both the surgical operation and the follow-up observation. Hoarseness developed in the postoperative period in 13.4% to 16.9% of the patients. Postoperative transient and persistent laryngeal paresis was documented in 1.5% and from 1.5% to 4.2% of the cases respectively. Direct laryngoscopy revealed the symptoms of laryngitis and laryngotracheitis as well as foci of leukoplakia, laryngeal cysts and nodules, besides disturbances in the mobility of the vocal chordae. It is concluded that the above pathological changes in the laryngeal structures should be identified during the preoperative examination of the patients presenting with euthyroid multinodular goiter while direct laryngoscopy must be included in the program of postoperative supervision.

[Impact of replacement therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism on cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

AIM: To study the time course changes in the parameters of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in the natural course of SH and during replacement therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All the examined patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 67 patients received replacement therapy with euthyrox in a dose of 25 to 100 microg/day; 2) 60 patients were followed up. RESULTS: At the moment of study inclusion, there was a close direct correlation between the levels of cholesterol and the aggregate intima-media thickness (IMT) (r = 0.7) and between IMT and the levels of sICAM-1 (r = 0.71) and sVCAM-1 (r = 0.8). In the dynamics of the disease (following a year), the above correlations became weaker due to the performed treatment. A weak positive correlation was found between the aggregate IMT and the levels of sICAM-1 (r = 0.2) and sVCAM-1 (r = 0.3). CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 DM, the presence of SH serves as an additional risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Replacement therapy will be able to considerably retard the progression of the disease and to reduce the incidence of vascular events.

[Changes in ageing pace and major immune parameters among individuals with long exposure to hydrogen sulfide].

The authors revealed increase in ageing pace, higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-8 and apoptosis marker (p53 protein) in individuals with chronic exposure to gas containing hydrogen sulfide. The immune parameters studied could serve as markers of premature ageing in individuals engaged into gas extraction.

[Characteristics of cytokine state and processes of apoptosis under the influence of the combine action of production factors of the gas producing enterprise].

People exposed to chronic influence of hydrogen sulphide gas demonstrate accelerated aging, increase of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 level and the marker of apoptosis protein p53. Researched immunologic indices can serve as markers of premature aging in persons involved in gas producing enterprise.

[The influence of certain meteorological factors on mortality from complications of arterial hypertension].

The weather may influence the clinical course of many diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate effects of certain meteorological factors on the mortality rate associated with complications of arterial hypertension (cerebral stroke and myocardial infarction) in the city of Astrakhan during the period from 1983 to 2005. The analysis included 17,198 cases of death from cardiovascular disorders (CVD). An original software program was used for the purpose that made it possible to estimate the influence of meteorological factors (air temperature, velocity of wind and precipitation) on the mortality rate among subjects with and without AH. It was shown that mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease positively correlated with the air temperature and amount of precipitation but inversely correlated with the velocity of wind. Correlations between mortality from CVD and meteorological factors among subjects presenting with CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and AH were more pronounced and statistically significant compared with patients of the same groups without AH.

[Analysis of mortality caused by ischemic heart disease in Astrakhan from 1983 to 1997]. / Analiz smertnosti ot ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v Astrakhani s 1983 po 1997 g.

Mortality caused by coronary disease is analyzed for Astrakhan for the period of 1983-1997 (total, non-hospital and hospital mortality). The distribution of mortality by the years and months of the year, sex, age, and cause of death structure is analyzed as exemplified by 6505 deaths.

[The pathological characteristics of the thyroid in autoimmune polyendocrinopathies]. / Osobennosti patologii shchitovidnoi zhelezy pri autoimmunnykh poliéndokrinopatiiakh.

After examination of 18 patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathies the authors have arrived at a conclusion that thyroid pathology is the most frequent sign of autoimmune polyendocrinopathies and is noted earlier than other endocrine disorders. A course of thyropathies is characterized by resistance to conservative therapy and recurrences after surgical interventions. A high hereditary aggravation of patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathies requires careful investigation of their relatives for early detection of endocrine pathology.

[Role of Yersinia infection in the pathogenesis of diffuse toxic goiter]. / Izuchenie roli iersinioznoi infektsii v patogeneze diffuznogo toksicheskogo zoba.

Antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica were tested in 87 patients with diffuse toxic goiter. They were detected in 32.1% of the patients and only 4.8% of the control group patients (p less than 0.01). The role of Yersinia infection in breakdown of natural tolerance to autologous thyroid tissue is discussed.