Changes of Ex Vivo Cervical Epithelial Cells Due to Electroporation with JMY.

The ionic environment within the nucleoplasm might diverge from the conditions found in the cytoplasm, potentially playing a role in the cellular stress response. As a result, it is conceivable that interactions of nuclear actin and actin-binding proteins (ABPs) with apoptosis factors may differ in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. The primary intracellular stress response is Ca2+ influx. The junctional mediating and regulating Y protein (JMY) is an actin-binding protein and has the capability to interact with the apoptosis factor p53 in a Ca2+-dependent manner, forming complexes that play a regulatory role in cytoskeletal remodelling and motility. JMY's presence is observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Here, we show that ex vivo ectocervical squamous cells subjected to electroporation with JMY protein exhibited varying morphological alterations. Specifically, the highly differentiated superficial and intermediate cells displayed reduced nuclear size. In inflamed samples, nuclear enlargement and simultaneous cytoplasmic reduction were observable and showed signs of apoptotic processes. In contrast, the less differentiated parabasal and metaplastic cells showed increased cytoplasmic activity and the formation of membrane protrusions. Surprisingly, in severe inflammation, vaginosis or ASC-US (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), JMY appears to influence only the nuclear and perinuclear irregularities of differentiated cells, and cytoplasmic abnormalities still existed after the electroporation. Our observations can provide an appropriate basis for the exploration of the relationship between cytopathologically relevant morphological changes of epithelial cells and the function of ABPs. This is particularly important since ABPs are considered potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for both cancers and chronic inflammation.

[The treatment of ovarian cancer. Recommendation of the Hungarian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists]. / A petefészekrák kezelése. A Magyar Nogyógyász Onkológusok Társaságának (MNOT) ajánlása.

In Hungary, there is no actual ovarian cancer guideline, despite this disease being the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. An expert panel was created by the Hungarian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists to prepare a recommendation for the reatment of ovarian cancer patients. This multidisciplinary expert group worked together during the first trimester of 2022 using the guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists (ESGO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and created the updated recommendations. This paper presents the recommended surgical and medical treatment of early, advanced stage and recurrent ovarian cancer.

[Preoperative systemic treatment of locally and locoregionally advanced high-risk endometrial cancer]. / Lokálisan és lokoregionálisan elorehaladott, magas kockázatú endometriumtumorok mutét elotti szisztémás elokezelése.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The best survival rates are expected after surgical removal, thus the aim of a complex treatment is to achieve resecability in locally and locoregionally advanced disease. Aim: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate if the neoadjuvant systemic treatment leads to better overall survival compared to irradiation solely. Method: From January 2015 to December 2018, we enrolled 28 patients diagnosed with irresecable, locally and locoregionally advanced high-risk endometrial carcinoma. Patients were treated by neoadjuvant paclitaxel-carboplatin, then radical hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. Results: After administration of 6 cycles of carboplatin-paclitaxel, the control MR test showed tumor shrinkage in all patients. Complete resection was achieved in the case of every patient. Tumor residuum in lymph nodes was verified in 4 cases by pathological evaluation. The 2-year survival and the 2-year progression-free survival rates were 65,1% and 66,1%, respectively. The median overall survival was 16,5 months. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant treatment can be an effective approach in providing the conditions for complete tumor resection, which may result in survival advantage. Despite multimodal treatment, prognosis is poor. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(11): 425-433.

Follicular fluid progesterone concentration is associated with fertilization outcome after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Follicular fluid is a key biochemical environment for oocyte development. The potential effect of follicular progesterone level on successful fertilization is a subject of debate, and so the aim of this study was to provide a summary of the currently available evidence on the association between follicular fluid progesterone level and fertilization outcome. To do so, a systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed, with the literature searches being conducted in three databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) to identify all relevant studies published up to 19 August 2017. Data were available from 13 studies (four intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] and nine conventional IVF) and 1009 individually aspirated follicular fluid samples were included in the analysis. The progesterone levels in follicular fluid were significantly higher in normal fertilization than in failed fertilization, both in conventional IVF (33% difference, P < 0.001) and ICSI (34% difference, P = 0.004). Although these data show that fertilized oocytes are derived from follicles with higher levels of progesterone, the results must be interpreted with caution, because of various progesterone measurement methods and different treatment protocols and it is too early to state that follicular fluid progesterone level could be considered as a marker for oocyte quality.

[Multimodal treatment of malignant mixed Müllerian tumor]. / Malignus kevert Müller-cso-eredetu tumor komplex kezelése.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment options of a very rare and highly aggressive type of uterine neoplasms, the malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, known as carcinosarcoma. METHOD: Between 2009 and 2017, 29 patients were treated with malignant mixed Müllerian tumor. At stage I, surgery and postoperative radiotherapy were performed. At stages II-IV, trimodal treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) was administered. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 68.51 (49-90) years, mean body mass index was 30.22 (20.90-37.22). We have experienced recurrence of disease after complete resection in 6 cases (4 of 6 patients did not accept radiation therapy). Local recurrence has occurred after an average 15.52 (6-36) months, distant metastasis with an average 19.2 (8-32) months. Overall survival was 11.92 (1-75) months. Six patients are free of tumours at the moment. CONCLUSIONS: As overall survival has not increased in recent decades by using combined chemotherapy, there is no congruent consensus associated with the optimal treatment. The standard surgical treatment is total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, although due to high rates of recurrence and metastases, the necessity of lymphadenectomy and postoperative treatment is in the focus of recent studies. Though postoperative irradiation improves local control, the beneficial effect on overall survival is still not proven. Adjuvant chemotherapy decreases the rate of both pelvic and extrapelvic recurrence at the same time, although there is no recommendation for the optimal chemoterapeutic agent. Multimodal therapy should lead to better outcomes. Recently there are many ongoing studies with biologic and target therapies to improve efficiency, however, the relevant results will be disclosed in many years only, due to the small number of patients. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(19): 741-7747.

"Platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS)" with particular reference to female reproduction.

BACKGROUND: Blood platelets play an essential role in hemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation of blood. Beyond these classic functions their involvement in inflammatory, neoplastic and immune processes was also investigated. It is well known, that platelets have an armament of soluble molecules, factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters in their granules, and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface. METHODS: Selected relevant literature and own views and experiences as clinical observations have been used. RESULTS: Considering that platelets are indispensable in numerous homeostatic endocrine functions, it is reasonable to suppose that a platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS) may exist; internal or external triggers and/or stimuli may complement and connect regulatory pathways aimed towards target tissues and/or cells. The signal (PAF, or other tissue/cell specific factors) comes from the stimulated (by the e.g., hypophyseal hormones, bacteria, external factors, etc.) organs or cells, and activates platelets. Platelet activation means their aggregation, sludge formation, furthermore the release of the for-mentioned biologically very powerful factors, which can locally amplify and deepen the tissue specific cell reactions. If this process is impaired or inhibited for any reason, the specifically stimulated organ shows hypofunction. When PARS is upregulated, organ hyperfunction may occur that culminate in severe diseases. CONCLUSION: Based on clinical and experimental evidences we propose that platelets modulate the function of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system. Specifically, hypothalamic GnRH releases FSH from the anterior pituitary, which induces and stimulates follicular and oocyte maturation and steroid hormone secretion in the ovary. At the same time follicular cells enhance PAF production. Through these pathways activated platelets are accumulated in the follicular vessels surrounding the follicle and due to its released soluble molecules (factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters) locally increase oocyte maturation and hormone secretion. Therefore we suggest that platelets are not only a small participant but may be the conductor or active mediator of this complex regulatory system which has several unrevealed mechanisms. In other words platelets are corpuscular messengers, or are more than a member of the family providing hemostasis.

Noradrenaline and acetylcholine responsiveness of glucose-monitoring and glucose-insensitive neurons in the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex.

The mediodorsal prefrontal cortex (mdPFC), as part of the forebrain glucose-monitoring (GM) system, plays important role in several regulatory processes to control the internal state of the organism and to initiate behavioral outputs accordingly. Little is known, however, about the neurochemical sensitivity of neurons located in this area. Substantial evidence indicates that the locus ceruleus - noradrenaline (NA) projection system and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis - cholinergic projection system regulate behavioral state and state dependent processing of sensory information, various cognitive functions already associated with the mdPFC. The main goal of the present study was to examine noradrenergic and cholinergic responsiveness of glucose-monitoring and glucose-insensitive (GIS) neurons in the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex. One fifth of the neurons tested changed in firing rate to microelectrophoretically applied NA. Responsiveness of the GM cells to this catecholamine proved to be significantly higher than that of the GIS units. Microiontophoretic application of acetylcholine (Ach) resulted in activity changes (predominantly facilitation) of more than 40% of the mdPFC neurons. Proportion of Ach sensitive units among the GM and the GIS neurons was found to be similar. The glucose-monitoring neurons of the mdPFC and their distinct NA and remarkable Ach sensitivity are suggested to be of particular significance in prefrontal control of adaptive behaviors.

Glucose-monitoring neurons in the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex.

The mediodorsal prefrontal cortex (mdPFC), a key structure of the limbic neural circuitry, plays important roles in the central regulation of feeding. As an integrant part of the forebrain dopamine (DA) system, it performs complex roles via interconnections with various brain areas where glucose-monitoring (GM) neurons have been identified. The main goal of the present experiments was to examine whether similar GM neurons exist in the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex. To search for such chemosensory cells here, and to estimate their involvement in the DA circuitry, extracellular single neuron activity of the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex of anesthetized Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats was recorded by means of tungsten wire multibarreled glass microelectrodes during microelectrophoretic administration of d-glucose and DA. One fourth of the neurons tested changed in firing rate in response to glucose, thus, proved to be elements of the forebrain GM neural network. DA responsive neurons in the mdPFC were found to represent similar proportion of all cells; the glucose-excited units were shown to display excitatory whereas the glucose-inhibited neurons were demonstrated to exert mainly inhibitory responses to dopamine. The glucose-monitoring neurons of the mdPFC and their distinct DA sensitivity are suggested to be of particular significance in adaptive processes of the central feeding control.

Taste reactivity deficit in anorexia nervosa.

AIM: Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric disorder posing a rapidly increasing burden on modern societies. Our purpose was to clarify perceptual-motivational aspects of gustatory disturbances in the disease. METHODS: A taste reactivity test, with the use of all five primary qualities in two concentrations, was performed in restrictive-type anorexic patients, and their hedonic evaluations were compared to those of age-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The patients gave significantly lower pleasantness scores for pleasant taste stimuli compared with controls. The differences were the greatest for the lower concentration sucrose, umami and sodium chloride. Ratings given for the aversive taste stimuli were similar in both experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of complex symptoms of anorexia nervosa, and may also help to develop more effective cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Homeostatic alterations after IL-1beta microinjection into the nucleus accumbens of the rat.

The present study investigates the effects of direct administration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) on homeostatic regulation. Short- and long-term food intakes (FI), water intakes (WI) and body temperature (BT) were measured before and after bilateral microinjection of IL-1beta (with or without paracetamol pretreatment) into the NAcc of Wistar rats, and the effects were compared with those found in vehicle treated control animals. In addition, blood glucose levels, along with a glucose tolerance test (GTT), and plasma concentrations of metabolic parameters, such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and uric acid were determined in cytokine treated and control rats. Short-term FI and WI were suppressed after intraaccumbens application of IL-1beta. A significant increase of BT was also observed after the cytokine microinjection. Pretreatment with paracetamol failed to influence the anorexigenic, adipsogenic, and pyrogenic effects of IL-1beta. A definite glucose intolerance of the cytokine treated animals and their pathologically elevated blood glucose levels became obvious in the acute GTT. Following IL-1beta microinjection, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL were found increased. Our present findings show that the NAcc is an important site of action of IL-1beta mediated processes in central homeostatic regulation.

Taste reactivity alterations after IL-1beta microinjection into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of the rat.

The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) is a central site of action of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induced feeding disturbances. This study was designed to elucidate taste-related perceptual and motivational processes potentially contributing to the anorexia and adipsia seen after bilateral IL-1beta microinjection into the VMH. A saccharin conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm was tested after the central IL-1beta administration. To further investigate whether gustatory deficits are involved in development of the feeding alterations, IL-1beta induced changes of taste responsiveness were also studied in taste reactivity tests. Administration of the cytokine into the VMH did not cause the development of CTA. During taste reactivity tests, however, IL-1beta treated rats displayed significantly poorer ingestive reactions to pleasant taste stimuli than did animals of the control group. In addition, the aversive responses of IL-1beta injected rats to pleasant tastes were significantly more robust than those of control animals. The cytokine treated animals also showed stronger aversion than ingestion to hedonically positive tastes. The present findings indicate that (1) anorexigenic and adipsogenic consequences of IL-1beta microinjection into the VMH are not due to development of cytokine induced CTA; and (2) hedonic responsiveness to palatable tastes is processed by IL-1beta mediated neural mechanisms in the VMH.

Glucose-monitoring neurons in the nucleus accumbens.

The nucleus accumbens, a key structure of the limbic circuitry, is involved in the regulation of motivated behaviors. The accumbens performs its roles via interconnections with brain areas where glucose-monitoring neurons have been localized. To search for such integrative chemosensory cells here, extracellular single neuron activity was recorded in the nucleus accumbens of Wistar rats by means of multibarreled glass microelectrodes during microelectrophoretic administration of D-glucose and other chemicals. Every fourth neuron tested changed in activity in response to glucose. Accumbens cells also displayed distinct gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type sensitivity. It is suggested that differential distribution of the chemosensory units, demonstrated between subdivisions of the nucleus accumbens, has particular significance with respect to functional dichotomy of the shell and core subregions.