Recurrent primary scrotal extramammary Paget disease: a case report and literature review.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising in apocrine gland-rich skin, which may be classified as either of primary or secondary origin. Management of this condition is predominantly surgical, and is often characterised by lengthy diagnostic delays. Complete surgical excision is challenging, and local recurrence is common. Herein, we discuss a subtle presentation of recurrent scrotal EMPD in a 77-year-old male and review the available literature. Although relatively rare, the indistinct nature of this pathology merits special attention from treating surgeons, who are frequently responsible for initial management and follow-up. The risk of distant metastasis and concomitant prognostic implications necessitate a high clinical index of suspicion, and low threshold for definitive biopsy in similar cases.

Pesticide residues in milk and cheeses from Greece.

Thirty-eight samples of bovine milk and 28 samples of three types of cheese were collected throughout Greece during 1991 and 1992, and analyzed for 13 organochlorine insecticides, three herbicides, and one organophosphorus insecticide residues. Eleven milk samples (28.9% of analyzed samples) contained residues of one or more of the following: lindane, alpha-isomeric hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-BHC), 1,1-bis[p-chlorophenyl]-2,2-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and methyl parathion at concentrations below the maximum permitted. Lindane was detected in five samples at concentrations of 0.8 to 7 ng/g of fat of milk, alpha-BHC in two samples at concentrations 16 and 18 ng/g, p,p'-DDE in four samples at concentrations of 14 to 32 ng/g, and methyl parathion in two samples at concentrations 43 and 280 ng/g. Nine cheese samples (32.1%) contained residues of one or more of alpha-BHC, p,p'-DDE, lindane and aldrin-dieldrin. The range of concentrations were 0.8 to 2 ng/g for lindane, 4 to 10 ng/g for alpha-BHC, 20 to 70 ng/g for p,p'-DDE and 0.2 ng/g for aldrin. All mean concentrations found were below the maximum limits permitted by the European Union.

Reduction of cesium concentration in ovine tissues following treatment with Prussian Blue labeled with 59Fe.

The effectiveness of Prussian Blue in reducing the radiocesium contamination in ovine tissues was investigated. Five ewes were fed 137Cs-contaminated wheat for 30 d. When the 137Cs concentration in milk had reached equilibrium, one animal, serving as the control, was slaughtered and the activity in its tissues was measured. Two ewes were offered daily 1 g of Prussian Blue labeled with 59Fe in the Fe(III) position, outside the complex anion. One week after the administration of Prussian Blue, these animals were slaughtered, 1 wk apart, and the level of 137Cs in their tissues was measured. Comparing the concentration of 137Cs in the blood and tissues of the Prussian Blue treated animals to the corresponding concentrations measured in the control, a considerable reduction in the radiocesium activity concentration is observed. However, 137Cs concentrations are maintained at non-zero (about 20%) values in the first 2 wk after the administration of Prussian Blue. This observation can be attributed to the fact that most of 137Cs binds to Prussian Blue in the animals' digestive tracts and the measured activity concentrations follow the elimination of cesium from tissues. Using a two-compartment mathematical model, we can predict the level of 137Cs in tissue, following the administration of Prussian Blue. Labeling Prussian Blue in the Fe(III)-position resulted in the measurement of a (2.4 +/- 0.02) % retention of Fe(III) in sheep.

Transport of radiocaesium from a sheep's diet to its tissues.

Transfer coefficients for radiocaesium transport from a sheep's diet to blood, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen heart, brain, rumen, intestines and fat were measured in a controlled experiment involving 50 adult ewes. The animals were fed dry grass and wheat, both contaminated with Chernobyl fallout debris, for a period of 60 days. During this period half of the animals were killed at regular intervals and samples of their blood and tissues were measured for radiocaesium concentration. The rest of the animals were returned to uncontaminated food and were monitored for radiocaesium concentration through periodic slaughtering for an additional 60 days. Transfer coefficients were extracted from the plateau reached at the end of the contamination phase. The data were also analyzed by means of a recently proposed linear multiple compartment model and transport rate parameters for each compartment were extracted. Transfer coefficients computed through the model's transport rate parameters show remarkable agreement with the experimentally obtained values.

An atomic-emission study of the removal and recovery of chromium from solution by an algal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris).

Inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry has been used to study the removal of chromium, principally in the sexivalent oxidation state, from solution by an algal biomass, Chlorella vulgaris, and its subsequent recovery. Binding of the chromium at the 5-100 mug/ml level was maximal (75%) at pH 3 within 3 min, with 5 mg of algae. Quantitative recovery of chromium was achieved by lowering the pH. The algae could be used four times in removal/recovery cycles before losing their 75% removal efficiency.

Processes that contribute to radiocesium decontamination of feta cheese.

In a series of experiments, the transfer of radiocesium from ovine milk to feta cheese was investigated through modifications of the standard cheese making procedure. All variations explored showed no significant change in the percentage of radiocesium transfer and the milk-to-cheese transfer coefficient was determined as f=.79 plus/minus .04 L.kg-1. It is concluded that cesium, like the rest of the alkali metals, remains in the water phase and thus follows very closely the distribution of moisture into the products of cheese making. The possibility of radiocesium decontamination of mature feta during the customary storage of the product in brine was also explored in a second series of experiments. The theoretical model employed in the analysis of cesium transport from feta to brine is presented in the Appendix to this paper. Predictions of the model were validated by experiments. A procedure is thus proposed for decontaminating mature feta during storage through successive replacements of the storage medium. Nomograms are presented for the determination of the optimum time interval between changes of the brine and the radiocesium concentration remaining in the feta. Changes in the properties of the product induced by the proposed treatment were also investigated with respect to composition, taste, and overall quality.