RESUMO
Three novel HLA alleles, HLA-A*26:118, DQB1*02:65 and DPB1*05:01:07, were identified and confirmed by monoallelic sequencing.
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DP/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
HLA-DQB1*04:01:05 differs from DQB1*04:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at codon 30 (TAC>TAT).
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Four novel HLA alleles identified in Korean individuals and confirmed by monoallelic sequencing.
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , HumanosRESUMO
The new allele HLA-C*03:03:35 showed one nucleotide difference with C*03:03:01:01 at position 408 (G>T).
Assuntos
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Loci Gênicos , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
The HLA-C*14:02:01:03 differs by a single nucleotide at intron 5 (2157 C>T) compared with C*14:02:01:01.
Assuntos
Alelos , Éxons , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Transplantados , Povo Asiático , Sequência de Bases , Códon/química , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA-C/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue Periférico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/imunologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Antiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging field; antiferromagnets can improve the functionalities of ferromagnets with higher response times, and having the information shielded against external magnetic field. Moreover, a large list of aniferromagnetic semiconductors and metals with Néel temperatures above room temperature exists. In the present manuscript, we persevere in the quest for the limits of how large can anisotropic magnetoresistance be in antiferromagnetic materials with very large spin-orbit coupling. We selected IrMn as a prime example of first-class moment (Mn) and spin-orbit (Ir) combination. Isothermal magnetotransport measurements in an antiferromagnetic-metal(IrMn)/ferromagnetic-insulator thin film bilayer have been performed. The metal/insulator structure with magnetic coupling between both layers allows the measurement of the modulation of the transport properties exclusively in the antiferromagnetic layer. Anisotropic magnetoresistance as large as 0.15% has been found, which is much larger than that for a bare IrMn layer. Interestingly, it has been observed that anisotropic magnetoresistance is strongly influenced by the field cooling conditions, signaling the dependence of the found response on the formation of domains at the magnetic ordering temperature.
RESUMO
The HLA-A*26:01:01:03N allele shows a single nucleotide difference compared with HLA-A*26:01:01:01 in intron 4(1846 G>A).
Assuntos
Alelos , Genoma Humano , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Íntrons , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Doadores de Tecidos , Povo Asiático , Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA-A/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Heterozigoto , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The HLA-C*15:02:01:03 allele differs from the HLA-C*15:02:01:01 allele by a single-nucleotide substitution in the 5' untranslated region (-42 C>A).
Assuntos
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Leucemia/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Feminino , Genótipo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Leucemia/diagnóstico , Leucemia/terapia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Doadores de Tecidos , TransplantadosRESUMO
HLA-B*15:263 differs from HLA-B*15:18:01 by a single nucleotide exchange at position 824, C>G (codon 251 TCT>TGT).
Assuntos
Alelos , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Antígeno HLA-B15/genética , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sequência de Bases , Códon , Éxons , Expressão Gênica , Antígeno HLA-B15/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Leucemia/imunologia , Leucemia/patologia , Leucemia/terapia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , República da Coreia , Alinhamento de Sequência , TransplantadosRESUMO
The new allele, DRB1*04:10:03, showed one nucleotide difference with DRB1*04:10:01 (705C>T).
Assuntos
Alelos , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
The new allele A*02:465 showed one nucleotide difference with A*02:06:01 (172G>A).
Assuntos
Alelos , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Antígeno HLA-A2/genética , Adulto , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Coreia (Geográfico) , Masculino , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
To obtain real-time dose information in photon-beam therapy using a clinical linear accelerator, we fabricated a novel Cerenkov fiber-optic dosimeter using two plastic optical fibers without employing a scintillator. In this study, the light intensity and spectrum of Cerenkov radiation induced by a high-energy photon beam were measured as functions of the irradiation angle and the length difference between the two plastic optical fibers in the dosimeter probe. Also, we obtained a percentage depth dose curve for a 6 MV photon beam with a field size of 10 × 10 cm(2) according to the depth of the solid water phantom. Based on the results of this study, it is anticipated that the proposed Cerenkov fiber-optic dosimeter can be developed as a useful dosimeter to accurately obtain dose information prior to conducting radiotherapy.
Assuntos
Radioterapia/instrumentação , Estudos de Viabilidade , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Humanos , Fibras Ópticas , Imagens de Fantasmas , Radiometria/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
We employ antiferromagnetic tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance to study the behavior of antiferromagnetically ordered moments in IrMn exchange coupled to NiFe. Experiments performed by common laboratory tools for magnetization and electrical transport measurements allow us to directly link the broadening of the NiFe hysteresis loop and its shift (exchange bias) to the rotation and pinning of antiferromagnetic moments in IrMn. At higher temperatures, the broadened loops show zero shift, which correlates with the observation of fully rotating antiferromagnetic moments inside the IrMn film. The onset of exchange bias at lower temperatures is linked to a partial rotation between distinct metastable states and pinning of the IrMn antiferromagnetic moments in these states. The observation complements common pictures of exchange bias and reveals an electrically measurable memory effect in an antiferromagnet.
RESUMO
A spin valve is a microelectronic device in which high- and low-resistance states are realized by using both the charge and spin of carriers. Spin-valve structures used in modern hard-drive read heads and magnetic random access memoriescomprise two ferromagnetic electrodes whose relative magnetization orientations can be switched between parallel and antiparallel configurations, yielding the desired giant or tunnelling magnetoresistance effect. Here we demonstrate more than 100% spin-valve-like signal in a NiFe/IrMn/MgO/Pt stack with an antiferromagnet on one side and a non-magnetic metal on the other side of the tunnel barrier. Ferromagneticmoments in NiFe are reversed by external fields of approximately 50 mT or less, and the exchange-spring effect of NiFe on IrMn induces rotation of antiferromagnetic moments in IrMn, which is detected by the measured tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance. Our work demonstrates a spintronic element whose transport characteristics are governed by an antiferromagnet. It demonstrates that sensitivity to low magnetic fields can be combined with large, spin-orbit-coupling-induced magnetotransport anisotropy using a single magnetic electrode. The antiferromagnetic tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance provides a means to study magnetic characteristics of antiferromagnetic films by an electronic-transport measurement.
RESUMO
We investigated the orbital anisotropy of LuFe(2)O(4) using the Fe L(2,3)- and O K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and cluster model calculations. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals a surprisingly large orbital magnetic moment (m(o) approximately 0.8 micro(B)/f.u.), which originates the giant magnetic anisotropy. The polarization dependent XAS enables us to identify the orbital states and occupations, different from the band calculation predictions. These findings were examined by using the cluster model analysis, which also explains the orbital magnetic moment as well as the total moment (2.9 micro(B)/f.u.). Taking into account the charge order, we also determined the spin structure.
RESUMO
We investigated the electronic structure of 5d transition-metal oxide Sr2IrO4 using angle-resolved photoemission, optical conductivity, x-ray absorption measurements, and first-principles band calculations. The system was found to be well described by novel effective total angular momentum Jeff states, in which the relativistic spin-orbit coupling is fully taken into account under a large crystal field. Despite delocalized Ir 5d states, the Jeff states form such narrow bands that even a small correlation energy leads to the Jeff=1/2 Mott ground state with unique electronic and magnetic behaviors, suggesting a new class of Jeff quantum spin driven correlated-electron phenomena.
RESUMO
We report observations of tunneling anisotropic magnetoresitance (TAMR) in vertical tunnel devices with a ferromagnetic multilayer-(Co/Pt) electrode and a nonmagnetic Pt counterelectrode separated by an AlOx barrier. In stacks with the ferromagnetic electrode terminated by a Co film the TAMR magnitude saturates at 0.15% beyond which it shows only weak dependence on the magnetic field strength, bias voltage, and temperature. For ferromagnetic electrodes terminated by two monolayers of Pt we observe order(s) of magnitude enhancement of the TAMR and a strong dependence on field, temperature and bias. The discussion of experiments is based on relativistic ab initio calculations of magnetization orientation dependent densities of states of Co and Co/Pt model systems.
RESUMO
Searches for extrasolar planets have uncovered an astonishing diversity of planetary systems, yet the frequency of solar system analogs remains unknown. The gravitational microlensing planet search method is potentially sensitive to multiple-planet systems containing analogs of all the solar system planets except Mercury. We report the detection of a multiple-planet system with microlensing. We identify two planets with masses of approximately 0.71 and approximately 0.27 times the mass of Jupiter and orbital separations of approximately 2.3 and approximately 4.6 astronomical units orbiting a primary star of mass approximately 0.50 solar mass at a distance of approximately 1.5 kiloparsecs. This system resembles a scaled version of our solar system in that the mass ratio, separation ratio, and equilibrium temperatures of the planets are similar to those of Jupiter and Saturn. These planets could not have been detected with other techniques; their discovery from only six confirmed microlensing planet detections suggests that solar system analogs may be common.
RESUMO
We investigated electronic structure of hexagonal multiferroic YMnO3 using the polarization dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at O K and Mn L(2,3) edges. The spectra exhibit strong polarization dependence at both edges, reflecting anisotropic Mn 3d orbital occupation. Moreover, the O K edge spectra show that Y 4d states are strongly hybridized with O 2p ones, resulting in large anomalies in Born effective charges on off-centering Y and O ions. These results manifest that the Y d(0)-ness with rehybridization is the driving force for the ferroelectricity, and suggest a new approach to understand the multiferroicity in the hexagonal manganites.
RESUMO
The variation of the tunnel spin-polarization (TSP) with energy is determined using a magnetic tunnel transistor, allowing quantification of the energy dependent TSP separately for both ferromagnet/insulator interfaces and direct correlation with the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) measured in the same device. The intrinsic TSP is reduced below the Fermi level, and more strongly so for tunneling into empty states above the Fermi level. For artificially doped barriers, the low bias TMR decreases due to defect-assisted tunneling. Yet, this mechanism becomes ineffective at large bias, where instead inelastic spin scattering causes a strong TMR decay.