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1.
Lipids Health Dis ; 23(1): 192, 2024 Jun 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38909257

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they may experience many chronic conditions. Consequently, obesity has become a global health threat, presenting serious health issues, and attracting a lot of attention in the healthcare profession and the scientific community. METHOD: This study aims to explore the anti-adipogenic properties of 7-MEGA™ in an attempt to address obesity, using both in vitro and in vivo research. The effects of 7MEGA™ at three distinct concentrations were investigated in obese mice who were given a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS: 7MEGA™ decreased the total fat mass, overall body weight, and the perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (PWAT and SWAT) contents in HFD mice. Additionally, 7MEGA™ showed promise in improving the metabolic health of individuals with obesity and regulate the levels of insulin hormone, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ, Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBPα) were among the adipogenic regulators that 7MEGA™ could regulate. CONCLUSION: In summary, this study uncovered that 7MEGA™ demonstrates anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, suggesting its potential in combating obesity.


Assuntos
Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos , Adipogenia , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Camundongos , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , PPAR gama/metabolismo , PPAR gama/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/genética , Camundongos Obesos , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/genética , Adipocinas/metabolismo , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 1/genética , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT
2.
Dent Mater J ; 42(4): 501-508, 2023 Aug 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37271544

RESUMO

Post-operative sensitivity (POS) is the most common clinical dental complaint after tooth preparation and resin-based composite restoration. In our previous study, copine 7 (CPNE7) and CPNE7-derived peptide (CPNE7-DP) induced in vitro odontoblast differentiation and in vivo dentin formation. Here, we incorporated CPNE7-DP into All-Bond Universal (ABU) adhesive, developing ABU/CPNE7-DP. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of reducing POS using ABU/CPNE7-DP. We first determined the stability of CPNE7-DP under low pH. Furthermore, we evaluated its dentinal tubule penetration, in vitro odontogenic differentiation potential, in vivo tertiary dentin formation and its effects on bonding performance. CPNE7-DP was stable at pH 1.2, even lower than ABU's pH of 3.2. ABU/CPNE7-DP can penetrate dentinal tubules, stimulate odontoblast differentiation in vitro and generate tertiary dentin with tubular structure in vivo without interfering with bonding performance. Therefore, ABU/CPNE7-DP may serve as a novel bioactive adhesive for reducing POS.


Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Cimentos Dentários , Cimentos Dentários/farmacologia , Materiais Dentários , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Dentina , Adesivos Dentinários , Cimentos de Resina , Teste de Materiais , Resistência à Tração , Resinas Compostas
3.
Int Endod J ; 56(6): 765-774, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36825362

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel ultrasonic irrigation device, remotely-generated irrigation with a non-invasive sound field enhancement (RINSE) system, in removing biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from a simulated isthmus model and compare it with sonically- and ultrasonically-activated irrigation systems. METHODOLOGY: A polycarbonate root canal model containing two standardized root canals (apical diameter of 0.20 mm, 4% taper, 18 mm long with a coronal reservoir) connected by three isthmuses (0.40 mm deep, 2 mm high, 4 mm long) was used as the test model. The isthmuses were filled with a hydroxyapatite powder-containing hydrogel. The canals were filled with irrigant, and the models were randomly assigned to the following activation groups (n = 15): EndoActivator (EA), ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI), and RINSE system (RS). Syringe irrigation (SI) with a 30G needle served as the control. Standardized images of the isthmuses were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of hydrogel removed was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using anova (p < .05). RESULTS: Hydrogel removal was significantly higher with the RS (83.7%) than with UAI, EA, or SI (p ≤ .01). UAI (69.2%) removed significantly more hydrogel than SI and EA (p < .05), while there was no significant difference between SI (24.3%) and EA (25.7%) (p = .978). CONCLUSIONS: RINSE system resulted in the most hydrogel removal, performing better than UAI or EA. The effect of RS was also not reliant on the insert or tip entering the pulp chamber or root canal, making it particularly useful in conservative endodontics.


Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Biofilmes/efeitos da radiação , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos da radiação , Hidrogéis , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Hipoclorito de Sódio , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodos , Modelos Anatômicos , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodos
4.
Ultrason Sonochem ; 90: 106168, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36137469

RESUMO

Root canal treatment is performed to remove the bacteria proliferating in the root canals of a tooth. Many conventional root canal irrigation methods use an instrument inserted into the root canals. However, bacteria removal is often incomplete in the apical region of the root canal, and the treatment carries clinical risks, such as instrument fracture and extrusion of irrigation liquid through the canal apex. We here suggest a novel, remotely generated high-intensity ultrasound irrigation system that exhibits better irrigation performance and a reduced clinical risk. Our device employs powerful ultrasonic waves generated by a transducer placed outside a target tooth. The generated ultrasonic waves are guided to travel into the root canals. In the root canals of the target tooth, acoustic cavitation occurs, and vapor bubbles are created. The dynamic motions of vapor bubbles create remarkable cleaning effects. Using root canal models, we tested the cleaning performance of the proposed system and compared it with other conventional irrigation methods. The results revealed that biofilm in the apical region of the root canal models can be removed exclusively using the proposed system, thus demonstrating an improvement in cleaning performance. We also measured pressure at the apex of the root canals of an extracted tooth while operating the proposed system. Our system exhibited a smaller pressure compared to the syringe irrigation method, thus suggesting a reduced risk of apical extrusion of the irrigation liquid. Since the proposed system operates without inserting instruments into the root canal, it can clean multiple root canals in a tooth simultaneously with a single treatment. The proposed device would be a breakthrough in root canal treatment in terms of irrigation performance, clinical safety, and ease of treatment.


Assuntos
Irrigantes do Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Ápice Dentário , Cavidade Pulpar , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodos , Hipoclorito de Sódio
5.
Dent Mater J ; 41(5): 780-786, 2022 Oct 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35768223

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate in vitro biologic properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with 3% PVA (MTA-3% PVA) and in vivo dental pulp responses to direct capping in comparison with MTA mixed with distilled water (MTA-DW). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), and pH changes were evaluated. Pulps in 24 mandibular premolars of four 9-month-old beagle dogs were mechanically exposed and direct pulp capping was performed. Histological specimens were scored according to the degree of mineralization. MTA-3% PVA showed similar cell proliferation and similar or superior osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs compared with MTA-DW. All specimens were associated with calcified bridge formation and there were no significant differences in mineralization scores between the groups (p>0.05). The results suggested that MTA-3% PVA exhibited favorable biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation in vitro compared with MTA-DW. Furthermore, both groups demonstrated similar results when used as pulp-capping agents in vivo.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Osteogênese , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Cães , Humanos , Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Polpa Dentária , Capeamento da Polpa Dentária/métodos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Óxidos/farmacologia , Polímeros , Silicatos/farmacologia , Água
6.
Ultrason Sonochem ; 76: 105618, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34119904

RESUMO

The dynamic actions of cavitation bubbles in ultrasonic fields can clean surfaces. Gas and vapor cavitation bubbles exhibit different dynamic behaviors in ultrasonic fields, yet little attention has been given to the distinctive cleaning effects of gas and vapor bubbles. We present an experimental investigation of surface cleaning by gas and vapor bubbles in an ultrasonic field. Using high-speed videography, we found that the primary motions of gas and vapor bubbles responsible for surface cleaning differ. Our cleaning tests under different contamination conditions in terms of contaminant adhesion strength and surface wettability reveal that vapor and gas bubbles are more effective at removing contaminants with strong and weak adhesion, respectively, and furthermore that hydrophobic substrates are better cleaned by vapor bubbles. Our study not only provides a better physical understanding of the ultrasonic cleaning process, but also proposes novel techniques to improve ultrasonic cleaning by selectively employing gas and vapor bubbles depending on the characteristics of the surface to be cleaned.

7.
Nano Lett ; 16(5): 3301-8, 2016 05 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27045458

RESUMO

Two-dimensional high-index-contrast dielectric gratings exhibit unconventional transmission and reflection due to their morphologies. For light-emitting devices, these characteristics help guided modes defeat total internal reflections, thereby enhancing the outcoupling efficiency into an ambient medium. However, the outcoupling ability is typically impeded by the limited index contrast given by pattern media. Here, we report strong-diffraction, high-index-contrast cavity engineered substrates (CESs) in which hexagonally arranged hemispherical air cavities are covered with a 80 nm thick crystallized alumina shell. Wavelength-resolved diffraction measurements and Fourier analysis on GaN-grown CESs reveal that the high-index-contrast air/alumina core/shell patterns lead to dramatic excitation of the low-order diffraction modes. Large-area (1075 × 750 µm(2)) blue-emitting InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on a 3 µm pitch CES exhibit ∼39% enhancement in the optical power compared to state-of-the-art, patterned-sapphire-substrate LEDs, while preserving all of the electrical metrics that are relevant to LED devices. Full-vectorial simulations quantitatively demonstrate the enhanced optical power of CES LEDs and show a progressive increase in the extraction efficiency as the air cavity volume is expanded. This trend in light extraction is observed for both lateral- and flip-chip-geometry LEDs. Measurements of far-field profiles indicate a substantial beaming effect for CES LEDs, despite their few-micron-pitch pattern. Near-to-far-field transformation simulations and polarization analysis demonstrate that the improved extraction efficiency of CES LEDs is ascribed to the increase in emissions via the top escape route and to the extraction of transverse-magnetic polarized light.

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