Advancements in computer-assisted orthognathic surgery: A comprehensive review and clinical application in South Korea.

OBJECTIVES: Orthognathic surgery (OS) has evolved with technological advancements, notably through the implementation of computer-assisted orthognathic surgery (CAOS). This article aims to elucidate various types of CAOS and their efficiency and accuracy, supplemented by a thorough literature review focusing on their clinical applications in South Korea. STUDY SELECTION, DATA, AND SOURCES: A comprehensive search strategy was employed, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies published until December 2023 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases. The literature search was limited to articles written in English. RESULTS: Static CAOS demonstrated high precision, reduced operative time, and high accuracy, suggesting its potential reliability in orthognathic procedures. Dynamic CAOS presented a promising avenue for exploration, showing an accuracy comparable to that of traditional methods. The critical considerations for CAOS include accuracy, time efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Recent studies have indicated advancements in the time efficiency of static CAOS. Static CAOS requires less equipment and is more cost-effective than dynamic CAOS. CONCLUSIONS: CAOS offers clear advantages over conventional OS in terms of surgical convenience and accuracy in implementing the surgical plan. To achieve recognition as the gold standard method for maxillofacial deformity treatment, CAOS must overcome its limitations and undergo continuous verification via well-designed studies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The introduction of CAOS, mainly static CAOS with high precision and reduced surgical time, signifies a notable advancement in OS. However, rigorous studies are warranted to validate CAOS as the gold standard for treating maxillofacial deformities.

Efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and platinum-based chemotherapy has emerged as a highly promising primary option for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). The study aimed to evaluate treatment efficacy of ICIs with cytotoxic chemotherapy in EC. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials up to November 11, 2023, focusing on immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for EC. The primary endpoint was the pooled hazard ratio (HR), which was further analyzed across subgroups based on mismatch repair (MMR) status, race, histology, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023475669). FINDINGS: Four trials with 2335 patients were analyzed. ICIs with chemotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89) compared to chemotherapy alone. Stratification by MMR status showed substantial benefits for dMMR (PFS; HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.26-0.43; OS; HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.91) over pMMR cohorts in both PFS and OS. In the subgroup analysis, there was significant PFS advantage in Caucasian (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54-0.72) over non-Caucasian, in endometrioid histology (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78) over non-endometrioid, and in PD-L1 positive (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19-0.81) over PD-L1 negative population. INTERPRETATION: ICIs combined with platinum-based chemotherapy significantly prolonged PFS and OS in patients with advanced or recurrent EC. Patients with dMMR status, Caucasians, endometrioid histology, and positive PD-L1 status showed significant PFS benefits, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment approaches to improve outcomes.

Humidity-tolerant porous polymer coating for passive daytime radiative cooling.

Coating building envelopes with a passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) material has attracted enormous attention as an alternative cooling technique with minimal energy consumption and carbon footprint. Despite the exceptional performance and scalability of porous polymer coating (PPC), achieving consistent performance over a wide range of drying environments remains a major challenge for its commercialization as a radiative cooling paint. Herein, we demonstrate the humidity vulnerability of PPC during the drying process and propose a simple strategy to greatly mitigate the issue. Specifically, we find that the solar reflectance of the PPC rapidly decreases with increasing humidity from 30% RH, and the PPC completely losses its PDRC ability at 45% RH and even become a solar-heating material at higher humidity. However, by adding a small amount of polymer reinforcement to the PPC, it maintains its PDRC performance up to 60% RH, resulting in a 950% increase in estimated areal coverage compared to PPC in the United States. This study sheds light on a crucial consistency issue that has thus far been rarely addressed, and offers engineering guidance to handle this fundamental threat to the development of dependable PDRC paint for industrial applications.

Randomized controlled trial of digital therapeutics for temporomandibular disorder: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the muscles of the jaw, resulting in pain and dysfunction. TMD is affected by both behavioral and psychological factors. Digital therapeutics (DTx) can exert therapeutic effects by controlling behavioral factors through the delivery of appropriate interventions. Here, we report an open-label randomized control trial to evaluate the efficacy of DTx for TMD. METHODS: We recruited 40 participants diagnosed with TMD. Participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (DTx use, n = 20) and a control group (n =20). The intervention group received the usual treatment process for TMD in addition to the use of the DTx. The control group received the usual treatments only. Patients in both groups were followed up for 3-4 weeks, and outcome data were collected and analyzed. RESULT: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in pain scores as measured by the numerical rating scale (NRS) (p = 0.016). Additionally, the intervention group showed a statistically significant increase in maximal mouth opening compared to the control group (p = 0.0079). However, there were no significant differences in improvement in the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale, Oral Behavior Checklist, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 between the two groups (p = 0503, = 0.820, and = 0.943, respectively). CONCLUSION: This RCT reveals DTx potential in TMD, showing pain and mouth opening improvements with conventional treatment. But no significant changes were noted in other outcomes. The findings advocate for more extensive, long-term research to solidify DTx's role in TMD management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This research underlines DTx potential to improve pain outcomes in TMD therapy, reinforcing its value as a complementary treatment modality.

A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence and Manual Methods for Three-Dimensional Anatomical Landmark Identification in Dentofacial Treatment Planning.

With the growing demand for orthognathic surgery and other facial treatments, the accurate identification of anatomical landmarks has become crucial. Recent advancements have shifted towards using three-dimensional radiologic analysis instead of traditional two-dimensional methods, as it allows for more precise treatment planning, primarily relying on direct identification by clinicians. However, manual tracing can be time-consuming, mainly when dealing with a large number of patients. This study compared the accuracy and reliability of identifying anatomical landmarks using artificial intelligence (AI) and manual identification. Thirty patients over 19 years old who underwent pre-orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment and had pre-orthodontic three-dimensional radiologic scans were selected. Thirteen anatomical indicators were identified using both AI and manual methods. The landmarks were identified by AI and four experienced clinicians, and multiple ANOVA was performed to analyze the results. The study results revealed minimal significant differences between AI and manual tracing, with a maximum deviation of less than 2.83 mm. This indicates that utilizing AI to identify anatomical landmarks can be a reliable method in planning orthognathic surgery. Our findings suggest that using AI for anatomical landmark identification can enhance treatment accuracy and reliability, ultimately benefiting clinicians and patients.

Prospective analysis of pre and postoperative laboratory parameters associated with thrombosis in patients with ovarian cancer.

Patients with ovarian cancer have a high risk of developing thrombosis. We aimed to investigate pre and post operative biomarkers associated with thrombosis including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients treated for ovarian cancer. We collected pre and post operative blood samples from 133 patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer between December 2021 and August 2022. The measured parameters were white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, monocytes, serum glucose, CA125, D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, homocysteine, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, interleukin 6, thrombopoietin, soluble P-selectin and granulocyte stimulating factor. Body mass index of patients were collected. Differences between patients who developed thrombosis and those without were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test and we analyzed the continuous variables using logistic regression. Twenty-one (15.8%) patients developed thrombosis ranging from 6 to 146 days (median 15 days) after surgery. Pre operative values of homocysteine (p = 0.033) and IL-6 (p = 0.043) were significantly increased and post operative aPTT (p = 0.022) was prolonged and plasminogen (p = 0.041) was decreased in patients with thrombosis. It is important to find novel biomarkers for thrombosis to carefully manage patients who are prone to develop thrombosis despite preventive measures were applied.

Adherence of PARP inhibitor for frontline maintenance therapy in primary epithelial ovarian cancer: a cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the adherence rate to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and identify factors contributing to the deterioration of adherence at our institution. METHODS: The adherence rate to PARP inhibitors was calculated using self-reported Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale questionnaires from a cross-sectional survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that affected adherence. RESULTS: Of the 131 respondents, 32 (24.4%) showed non-adherence to PARP inhibitors. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, unemployed or retired status (odds ratio [OR]=4.878; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.528-15.572; p=0.008), patients receiving niraparib (OR=3.387; 95% CI=1.283-8.940; p=0.014), and a lower score on the quality-of-life assessment (EORTC-QLQ-OV28), which reflects a better quality of life (QOC) with a lower symptom burden (OR=1.056; 95% CI=1.027-1.086; p<0.001) were associated with high adherence to PARP inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-fourth of patients with ovarian cancer are non-adherent to PARP inhibitors as maintenance treatment for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. The occupational status, type of PARP inhibitor, and QOC may affect adherence to PARP inhibitors.

Comparison of survival outcomes between olaparib and niraparib maintenance therapy in BRCA-mutated, newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer.

INTRODUCTION: This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to compare survival outcomes and adverse events between maintenance therapy with two poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, olaparib and niraparib, in patients with BRCA-mutated, newly diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who responded to platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS: We enrolled stage III-IV EOC patients with germline and/or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations that had received maintenance therapy with olaparib or niraparib. A 3:1 propensity score matching was conducted using two variables: residual disease size and the presence of germline variants. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcomes were time to first subsequent therapy (TFST), overall survival (OS), and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). RESULTS: In the propensity score-matched analysis, 80 patients who received olaparib and 31 patients who received niraparib were matched (3:1). In the propensity score-matched cohort, median PFS with olaparib vs. niraparib was not reached vs 31.5 months (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.47-2.52; p = 0.854). The median TFST was not reached vs 31.8 months (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.51-2.81; p = 0.682), and neither olaparib nor niraparib reached the median OS (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.01-17.61; p = 0.649). In terms of the incidence rates of any-grade hematologic or non-hematologic TEAEs, higher rates of thrombocytopenia (p = 0.021) and neutropenia (p = 0.011) were observed in the niraparib group. CONCLUSION: Advanced EOC patients with BRCA1/2 mutations exhibited no significant difference in OS between olaparib and niraparib, indicating the need to consider individualized strategies for selecting PARP inhibitors based on adverse event profiles.

Excellent Outcomes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Treated by Either Reduced- or Standard-Dose Bleomycin.

To investigate the outcomes of children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs), we analyzed the data of 61 patients aged ≤39 years diagnosed with MOGCT between 2006 and 2022. Among 59 patients who received chemotherapy after initial diagnosis, 57 received BEP (standard dose of bleomycin with 30 units per week, n = 13) or bEP (reduced dose of bleomycin with 15 units/m2 on day 1, n = 44). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 98.3% and 84.9%, respectively. Reduced bleomycin dose did not adversely affect survival. Normalization of tumor markers within 3 months after surgery was significantly associated with better EFS (p < 0.01). Of the 59 surviving patients, 8 experienced surgery-related menopause, while 49 demonstrated menstrual recovery. After completion of chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in pulmonary function regarding bleomycin dose, and no overt nephrotoxicity. Approximately 60% and 25% of survivors experienced peripheral neuropathy at the end of chemotherapy and after 1 year, respectively (p < 0.01). Children and AYAs with MOGCT have favorable survival rates with minimal long-term toxicity, which are not influenced by a reduced bleomycin dose. Rapid normalization of tumor markers is associated with improved outcomes.

Prognostic value of CA125 kinetics, half-life, and nadir in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) related variables on progression free survival and overall survival in primary and recurrent ovarian cancers. METHOD: A comprehensive review of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant literature on survival outcomes according to the ELIMination Rate Constant K (KELIM), Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) CA125 response criteria, CA125 half-life, and CA125 nadir levels during first line or later line chemotherapy. The search included articles published before February 2023. Cut-off values determining the favorable/unfavorable score of each study were extracted, and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using a random effects model to identify the relationship between survival outcomes of the favorable/unfavorable groups, which was determined by an individual model using CA125 kinetics. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies with 14 444 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were included in this meta-analysis. In primary ovarian cancer, a favorable KELIM score, determined by individual modeled cut-off values, was associated with a significant progression free survival (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.62) and overall survival (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.62) benefit in the primary setting. The favorable KELIM scored group also correlated with a better progression free survival (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.62) in relapsed disease. We failed to demonstrate a better prognostic value of the GCIG response criteria and the CA125 half-life for progression free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Novel chemotherapy response scores, such as KELIM, may be more clinically relevant than other prognostic models using CA125 kinetics, being directly associated with a more favorable survival in both the primary and relapsed setting in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. STUDY REGISTRATION: The systemic review and meta-analysis were registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023385512).

Phase II study of durvalumab and tremelimumab with front-line neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer: primary analysis in the original cohort of KGOG3046/TRU-D.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the antitumor activity and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. Here, we report the primary endpoint of the original cohort of the KGOG 3046/TRU-D study. METHODS: In this investigator-initiated single-arm, phase II trial, patients with stage IIIC-IVB ovarian cancer were administered three cycles of durvalumab (1500 mg) and tremelimumab (75 mg) with NAC, followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS). After surgery, three cycles of durvalumab (1120 mg) and adjuvant chemotherapy followed by durvalumab maintenance (1120 mg [total 12 cycles]) were administered. The primary endpoint of the study was 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were enrolled. The median patient age was 60 years (range 44-77 years), and most patients presented with high-grade serous carcinoma (87.0%) and stage IV disease (87.0%). At the time of data cut-off on January 17, 2023, the median follow-up duration was 29.2 months (range 12.0-42.2). The 12-month, 24-month, and 30 month PFS rates were 63.6%, 45.0%, and 40.0%, respectively. All patients underwent IDS, with an R0 resection rate of 73.9%, and 17.4% achieved pathological complete response. Skin rashes were the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs, 69.6%). However, all TRAEs completely resolved after steroid use. CONCLUSION: This study showed promising activity with a durable clinical response, supporting the potential of NAC with dual immune checkpoint blockade in advanced-stage ovarian cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03899610.

Current Status of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in Maxillofacial Surgery: Should It Be Continued?

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has shown potential in maxillofacial surgery owing to its osteoinductive properties. However, concerns about its safety and high cost have limited its widespread use. This review presents the status of rhBMP-2 use in maxillofacial surgery, focusing on its clinical application, efficacy, safety, and limitations. Studies have demonstrated rhBMP-2's potential to reduce donor site morbidity and increase bone height in sinus and ridge augmentation; however, it may not outperform autogenous bone grafts. In medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treatment, rhBMP-2 has been applied adjunctively with promising results, although its long-term safety requires further investigation. However, in maxillofacial trauma, its application is limited to the restoration of large defects. Safety concerns include postoperative edema and the theoretical risk of carcinogenesis. Although postoperative edema is manageable, the link between rhBMP-2 and cancer remains unclear. The limitations include the lack of an ideal carrier, the high cost of rhBMP-2, and the absence of an optimal dosing regimen. In conclusion, rhBMP-2 is a promising graft material for maxillofacial surgery. However, it has not yet become the gold standard owing to safety and cost concerns. Further research is required to establish long-term safety, optimize dosing, and develop better carriers.

Corrigendum: Blood neurofilament light chain as a biomarker for monitoring and predicting paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with gynecological cancers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942960.].

Clinical Stability of Bespoke Snowman Plates for Fixation following Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy of the Mandible.

Maxillofacial skeletal surgery often involves the use of patient-specific implants. However, errors in obtaining patient data and designing and manufacturing patient-specific plates and guides can occur even with accurate virtual surgery. To address these errors, bespoke Snowman plates were designed to allow movement of the mandible. This study aimed to compare the stability of bespoke four-hole miniplates with that of a bespoke Snowman plate for bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and to present a method to investigate joint cavity changes, as well as superimpose virtual and actual surgical images of the mandible. This retrospective study included 22 patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent orthognathic surgery at a university hospital between 2015 and 2018. Two groups were formed on the basis of the plates used: a control group with four-hole bespoke plates and a study group with bespoke Snowman plates. Stability was assessed by measuring the condyle-fossa space and superimposing three-dimensional virtual surgery images on postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. No significant differences were observed in the condyle-fossa space preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively between the control and study groups. Superimposing virtual surgery and CBCT scans revealed minimal differences in the landmark points, with no variation between groups or timepoints. The use of bespoke Snowman plates for stabilizing the mandible following SSRO exhibited clinical stability and reliability similar to those with bespoke four-hole plates. Additionally, a novel method was introduced to evaluate skeletal stability by separately analyzing the condyle-fossa gap changes and assessing the mandibular position.

Observing ice structure of micron-sized vapor-deposited ice with an x-ray free-electron laser.

The direct observation of the structure of micrometer-sized vapor-deposited ice is performed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory x-ray free electron laser (PAL-XFEL). The formation of micrometer-sized ice crystals and their structure is important in various fields, including atmospheric science, cryobiology, and astrophysics, but understanding the structure of micrometer-sized ice crystals remains challenging due to the lack of direct observation. Using intense x-ray diffraction from PAL-XFEL, we could observe the structure of micrometer-sized vapor-deposited ice below 150 K with a thickness of 2-50 µm grown in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The structure of the ice grown comprises cubic and hexagonal sequences that are randomly arranged to produce a stacking-disordered ice. We observed that ice with a high cubicity of more than 80% was transformed to partially oriented hexagonal ice when the thickness of the ice deposition grew beyond 5 µm. This suggests that precise temperature control and clean deposition conditions allow µm-thick ice films with high cubicity to be grown on hydrophilic Si3N4 membranes. The low influence of impurities could enable in situ diffraction experiments of ice nucleation and growth from interfacial layers to bulk ice.

Patient-specific plates for facial fracture surgery: A retrospective case series.

OBJECTIVES: Surgeons often encounter challenges when treating maxillofacial fractures using conventional methods that involve trimming or bending ready-made titanium plates for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) since it can be time-consuming, imprecise, and inconvenient. This retrospective case series aimed to introduce a novel bone reduction method that utilizes virtual planning, patient-specific surgical guides, and titanium plates. METHODS: Seven patients with mandibular symphysis or subcondylar fractures resulting from facial trauma underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or facial CT scans, and their medical histories were documented. Virtual surgery was conducted based on three-dimensional (3D) stereolithography images derived from CT scans using the FaceGide software (MegaGen, Daegu, Korea). ORIF was performed using patient-specific surgical guides and plates that were designed, printed, and milled. Radiographic, clinical, and occlusal evaluations were conducted at two weeks and six weeks postoperatively. Subsequently, 3D images from virtual surgery and postoperative CT scans were compared. RESULTS: The comparison of 3D virtual surgery and postoperative images revealed minimal surface differences of less than 1 mm. T-scan evaluations indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the two- and six-week postoperative assessments. Favorable clinical outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION: This novel method demonstrated stable outcomes in terms of occlusion and healing, with no notable complications. Consequently, this approach may serve as a viable alternative to conventional methods. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Facial fracture surgery that utilizes patient-specific surgical guides and plates within a digital workflow can facilitate meticulous surgical planning, reducing the risk of complications and minimizing operation time.

Impact of warm saline irrigation, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy on postoperative pain in primary ovarian cancer from the KOV-HIPEC-01 randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a treatment option at the time of cytoreductive surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The effect of active warming of HIPEC on postoperative pain needs to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether HIPEC reduces postoperative pain. METHODS: From the KOV-HIPEC-01 trial, a randomized controlled trial of HIPEC for advanced primary ovarian cancer, 184 patients with a residual tumor size <1 cm were randomly assigned to the HIPEC and control groups at a 1:1 ratio. The consumption of analgesics and pain scales were analyzed. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was administered after cytoreductive surgery. The primary objective was to compare the consumption of opioids measured in morphine milligram equivalents and non-opioids measured as the maximum daily dose between the HIPEC and control groups. The secondary objective was to compare the minimum and maximum pain intensities on numeric rating scales between the two groups using a linear mixed model. RESULTS: Lesser consumption of non-opioids, with a lower mean maximum daily dose on postoperative days 1 and 2, was observed. The HIPEC group also experienced lower maximum pain intensities on postoperative day 1. No overall differences in the minimum or maximum pain intensities were observed on postoperative day 7. CONCLUSION: The addition of HIPEC to cytoreductive surgery did not lead to increased postoperative pain, as demonstrated by a reduction in the use of analgesics and lower scores on postoperative pain scales during the early postoperative period.

Expression patterns of AEG-1 in the normal brain.

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a well-known oncogene implicated in various types of human cancers, including brain tumors. Recently, AEG-1 has also been reported to play pivotal roles in glioma-associated neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the normal physiological functions and expression patterns of AEG-1 in the brain are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of AEG-1 in the normal mouse brain and found that AEG-1 is widely expressed in neurons and neuronal precursor cells, but little in glial cells. We observed differential expression levels of AEG-1 in various brain regions, and its expression was mainly localized in the cell body of neurons rather than the nucleus. Additionally, AEG-1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells in both the mouse and human cerebellum, suggesting its potential role in this brain region. These findings suggest that AEG-1 may have important functions in normal brain physiology and warrant further investigation. Our results may also shed light on the differential expression patterns of AEG-1 in normal and pathological brains, providing insights into its roles in various neurological disorders.

Anastomotic leakage after resection of the rectosigmoid colon in primary ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to evaluate the risk factors of anastomotic leakage (AL) and develop a nomogram to predict the risk of AL in surgical management of primary ovarian cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 770 patients with primary ovarian cancer who underwent surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon as part of cytoreductive surgery between January 2000 to December 2020. AL was defined based on radiologic studies or sigmoidoscopy with relevant clinical findings. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factor of AL, and a nomogram was developed based on the multivariable analysis. The bootstrapped-concordance index was used for internal validation of the nomogram, and calibration plots were constructed. RESULTS: The incidence of AL after resection of the rectosigmoid colon was 4.2% (32/770). Diabetes (OR 3.79; 95% CI, 1.31-12.69; p = 0.031), co-operation with distal pancreatectomy (OR, 4.8150; 95% CI, 1.35-17.10; p = 0.015), macroscopic residual tumor (OR, 7.43; 95% CI, 3.24-17.07; p = 0<001) and anastomotic level from the anal verge shorter than 10 cm (OR, 6.28; 95% CI, 2.29-21.43; p = 0.001) were significant prognostic factors for AL on multivariable analysis. Using four variables, the nomogram has been developed to predict anastomotic leakage: https://ALnomogram.github.io/ . CONCLUSION: Four risk factors for AL after resection of the rectosigmoid colon are identified from the largest ovarian cancer study cohort. The nomogram from this information provides a numerical risk probability of AL, which could be used in preoperative counseling with patients and intraoperative decision for accompanying surgical procedures and prophylactic use of ileostomy or colostomy to minimize the risk of postoperative leakage. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered.

In vitro magnetic hyperthermia properties of angle-shaped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by a bromide-assisted polyol method.

Currently, research on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for magnetic hyperthermia applications is steadily increasing. In this work, SPIONs were synthesized by the bromide-assisted polyol method and angle-shaped SPIONs were successfully generated with the optimized concentration of bromide. The influence of bromide concentration on the shape of the generated SPIONs as well as the heating characteristics under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) was thoroughly investigated. At a concentration of 20 mg mL-1 of the angle-shaped SPIONs, the highest temperature curve up to 23 °C was observed under AMF with 140 Oe and 100 kHz for 10 min. With the biotoxicity assay, no significant cytotoxicity was observed in the normal fibroblast of HFB-141103 as well as tumor cells of U87MG and FSall treated with the angle-shaped SPIONs at a concentration below 100 µg mL-1. However, significantly decreased cellular viability was observed in tumor cells of U87MG and FSall treated with 100 µg mL-1 of the angle-shaped SPIONs under AMF with 140 Oe and 100 kHz. Based on these results, it is thought that the angle-shaped SPIONs synthesized by the bromide-assisted polyol method will provide highly efficient magnetic hyperthermia therapy for cancers under biologically safe AMF with 140 Oe and 100 kHz.