mtDNA haplogroup A enhances the effect of obesity on the risk of knee OA in a Mexican population.

To evaluate the influence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the risk of knee OA in terms of their interaction with obesity, in a population from Mexico. Samples were obtained from (n = 353) knee OA patients (KL grade ≥ I) and (n = 364) healthy controls (KL grade = 0) from Mexico city and Torreon (Mexico). Both Caucasian and Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were assigned by single base extension assay. A set of clinical and demographic variables, including obesity status, were considered to perform appropriate statistical approaches, including chi-square contingency tables, regression models and interaction analyses. To ensure the robustness of the predictive model, a statistical cross-validation strategy of B = 1000 iterations was used. All the analyses were performed using boot, GmAMisc and epiR package from R software v4.0.2 and SPSS software v24. The frequency distribution of the mtDNA haplogroups between OA patients and healthy controls for obese and non-obese groups showed the haplogroup A as significantly over-represented in knee OA patients within the obese group (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.22-4.05; p-value = 0.008). The subsequent logistic regression analysis, including as covariate the interaction between obesity and mtDNA haplogroup A, supported the significant association of this interaction (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.24-5.32; p-value = 0.011). The statistical cross-validation strategy confirmed the robustness of the regression model. The data presented here indicate a link between obesity in knee OA patients and mtDNA haplogroup A.

Risk of chronic diseases in indigenous Totonacs from Mexico short running title: Risk of chronic diseases in indigenous Totonacs.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) development in four indigenous Totonac communities. BACKGROUND: Poverty and low education levels increase the risk of unhealthy lifestyles, leading to a higher incidence of NCDs in indigenous communities. In addition, limited access to health services significantly reduces the opportune screening of risk factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study, in which we evaluated the incidence and/or the risk (%) to develop NCDs in adults from indigenous Totonac communities of Puebla State, Mexico. The sample consisted of 255 adults over 20 years old. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We found significant differences between communities regarding the risk of diabetes (p < 0.05) and hypertension (p < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in terms of CVD risk (p > 0.05). Men were at higher risk for hypertension and CVD than women (37.8% vs 27.3% and 20.9% vs 12.2%, respectively), whereas women were at a higher risk of diabetes than men based on the FINDRISC score (11.7 vs 9.7, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Zapotitlan community showed a higher risk of developing both diabetes and hypertension compared with the other communities. Men showed higher risks of hypertension and CVD compared with women. Women are at higher risk of diabetes than men.

Influencia de la lengua dispar (tutunakú y español) en los mensajes e instrucciones que emite el personal de salud y la de las receptoras de la información / Influence of disparate language (Tutunakú and Spanish) in messages and instructions issued by health personnel and those receiving the information

Resumen OBJETIVO: Identificar la influencia de la lengua dispar (tutunakú y español) entre los mensajes e instrucciones que emite el personal de salud y la de las receptoras de esa información, en particular la dirigida a la práctica de la autoexploración con fines de prevención del cáncer de mama. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, efectuado en mujeres indígenas, mayores de 20 años, a quienes se aplicó un instrumento semiestructurado para la identificación de factores de riesgo y protección de cáncer de mama. Para determinar la asociación de las variables de hablantes de totonakú con el nivel de conocimiento, prevención y riesgo de cáncer de mama se utilizó la prueba de χ2. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 187 mujeres; de las que 109 (58.5%) solo hablaban tutunakú y 78 (41.5%) eran bilingües (tutunakú y español). La edad promedio de las participantes fue de 43.4 años (DE ± 14.8), con límites de 20 y 80 años. En relación con la escolaridad: 93 de 109 (85.5%) de las monolingües eran analfabetas y solo 44 de las 78 (57.1%) mujeres bilingües habían concluido la educación básica. Por lo que se refiere al conocimiento del cáncer de mama, las mujeres monolingües tuvieron menor nivel de conocimiento y menor práctica de la autoexploración; solo 34 de las 78 bilingües practicaban la autoexploración. CONCLUSIÓN: Si bien el riesgo de cáncer de mama no muestra asociación con el hecho de hablar una lengua sí lo tiene, directamente, con la escolaridad, con la capacidad necesaria para comprender instrucciones que permitan la práctica de la autoexploración.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of the disparate language (tutunaku and Spanish) between the messages and instructions issued by health personnel and those of the recipients of this information, in particular that directed at the practice of self-examination for the purpose of breast cancer prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out on indigenous women over 20 years of age, to whom a semi-structured instrument was applied for the identification of risk factors and protection from breast cancer. To determine the association of Totonaku speakers' variables with the level of knowledge, prevention and risk of breast cancer, the test of 2 was used. RESULTS: A total of 187 women were studied; 109 (58.5%) spoke only tutunaku and 78 (41.5%) were bilingual (tutunaku and Spanish). The average age of participants was 43.4 years (SD 14.8), with limits of 20 and 80 years. With regard to schooling: 93 of 109 (85.5%) of the monolingual women were illiterate and only 44 of 78 (57.1%) of the bilingual women had completed basic education. With regard to knowledge of breast cancer, monolingual women had a lower level of knowledge and less practice of self-examination; only 34 of the 78 bilingual women practiced self-examination. CONCLUSION: Although the risk of breast cancer is not associated with speaking a language, it is directly associated with schooling, with the ability to understand instructions that allow the practice of self-examination.

Proteomic analysis of rat cartilage: the identification of differentially expressed proteins in the early stages of osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of the articular cartilage, and its diagnosis is based on symptoms and radiological signs that are only present in the late stages of the disease. Due to the limitations in diagnosing OA before the onset of symptoms, such as pain, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Experimental OA models are often used to study the kinetics of the progression of this disease. In this report, we conducted a proteomic study of osteoarthritic cartilage during the early stages of OA using an experimental rat model. RESULTS: Ten proteins that are differentially expressed under early OA conditions were identified by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/MS. These proteins mediated many processes, such as glycolysis and energy production (Nme2 and Pnp), cartilage matrix (Col2a1), transcription and protein synthesis (Eef1a1 and DJ-1), signal transduction (CaM and Pebp1), transport (Alb and Hba1), and latexin (Lxn). In addition, changes in Lxn expression in early OA were observed and validated by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The proteins that we identified indicate that energy metabolism, cartilage matrix remodelling, and protective cellular mechanisms are associated with early OA. In addition, latexin expression during the early stages of OA could be implicated in cartilage repair.