Developing antiviral surgical gown using nonwoven fabrics for health care sector.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common. OBJECTIVES: To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) film as middle layer and polyester nonwoven as inner layer and the surgical gown with a basic weight of 70 g/m(2). METHODS: The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope. The nonwoven fabric pore size was characterised by using digital image analyzer. The polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were treated with nano dispersion by pad-dry-cure method and trilaminate fabric was formed using fusing machine. The presence of nano particle on the surface of the non woven fabric was confirmed by Scanning Electron microscope. RESULTS: The trilaminate surgical gown has passed ASTM 1671 viral penetration test which is mandatory for healthcare facilities. The average pore size of inner, middle and outer layer were found as 0.187, 0.4 and 0.147 micron respectively. The tensile strength of the trilaminate fabric in both machine and cross direction was 145 N and 94 N respectively. The tearing strength of the trilaminate fabric in direction I and II was 10 N and 4 N respectively. The hydrostatic and index puncture resistance of the trilaminate fabric was 2930 mmwc and 58.8 N respectively. The moisture vapour permeability of the fabric was exhibited as 585.7 g/m(2)/day. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical gown exhibits antiviral property which can protect the health care people from human immunodeficiency virus.

1-[(4-Chlorobenzoyl)methyl]-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromide sesquihydrate and 1-[(4-bromobenzoyl)methyl]-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromide sesquihydrate.

The title compounds, C15H16ClN2O+.Br-.1.5H2O and C15H16BrN2O+.Br-.1.5H2O, are isomorphous. The benzene ring is oriented nearly normal to the pyridine ring in both compounds. The molecular packing is mainly influenced by intermolecular O-H...O and O-H...Br interactions, as well as weak intramolecular C-H...O interactions. The H2OBr- units form an extended water-bromide chain, with a bridging water molecule on a twofold axis.

2'-(4-Fluorophenyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[4',5':16,17]androst-5-en-3beta-ol methanol hemisolvate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(25)H(30)FN(3)O.0.5CH(3)OH, contains four symmetry-independent steroid and two methanol molecules. The conformations of the independent steroid molecules are very similar. Intermolecular O-H.O hydrogen bonds create two independent chains, each of which links two of the independent steroid molecules plus one methanol molecule via a co-operative O-H.O-H.O-H pattern. Intermolecular C-H.O and C-H.F interactions are also observed.

16-(4-Isopropylbenzylidene)androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.

In the title compound, C(29)H(36)O(2), the outer cyclohexene ring of the steroid nucleus has a conformation that lies about half-way between a half-chair and an envelope, while the central and outer cyclohexane rings of the steroid nucleus have slightly distorted chair conformations. The steroidal cyclopentane ring adopts a 13beta,14alpha-half-chair conformation. The benzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group on the cyclopentane ring. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the steroid nucleus and the benzylidene moiety is 35.54 (9) degrees. The packing of the molecules is assumed to be dictated mainly by weak intermolecular C-H.O interactions.

An aza-steroidal [17,16-c]pyrazole derivative: 2'-(p-fluorophenyl)-17a-aza-2'H-pyrazolo[4',3':16,17]-D-homoandrost-4-en-3-one.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(26)H(30)FN(3)O, contains two crystallographically independent molecules, the core skeletons of which have the same absolute configuration and almost identical conformations, except for differences in the orientation of the p-fluorophenyl ring. The tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation, while the cyclohexenone ring has a slightly distorted envelope conformation. The cyclohexane rings have chair conformations, sometimes slightly distorted. Intermolecular N-H.O, N-H.N and C-H.F interactions and an intramolecular C-H.N interaction are observed.

16-Cyano-13alpha-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-13,16-seco-17-norandrost-5-en-3beta-yl acetate.

In the title compound, C(23)H(31)N(3)O(3), the outer cyclohexane rings have chair conformations, while the central cyclohexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the solid state, intra- and intermolecular C-H.N interactions are observed.

Two androst-5-ene derivatives: 16-[4-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene]-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3 beta-ol and 16-[3-methoxy-4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)benzylidene]-3 beta-pyrrolidinoandrost-5-en-17 beta-ol monohydrate.

In the steroidal nucleus of 16-[4-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene]-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3 beta-ol, C(30)H(29)ClO(4), (I), the outer two six-membered rings are in chair conformations, while the five-membered ring and the central six-membered ring of the steroidal nucleus adopt half-chair and envelope conformations, respectively. In 16-[3-methoxy-4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)benzylidene]-3 beta-pyrrolidinoandrost-5-en-17 beta-ol monohydrate, C(37)H(54)N(2)O(3).H(2)O, (II), one C atom of one of the outer six-membered rings of the steroid nucleus and the four C atoms of the ethoxypyrrolidine ring are disordered over two sites. The five-membered ring, and the central and one of the outer six-membered rings of the steroidal nucleus exhibit distorted half-chair, chair and envelope conformations, respectively. In (I), intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains via a co-operative O-H...O-H...O-H pattern. In (II), intermolecular O-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds link the steroid and water molecules alternately into extended chains.

3-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-phenylindolizine and 3-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-phenylindolizine.

In both of the title compounds, C(23)H(19)ClN(2)O, (I), and C(23)H(18)Cl(2)N(2)O, (II), the molecular packing is influenced by weak intermolecular C-H.O and C-H.pi interactions, but despite the chemical similarity of the compounds, the packing in (II) is entirely different from that observed in (I).

Two azasteroidal [3,2-c]pyrazole derivatives: 2'-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-azapyrazolo[4',3':2,3]-5alpha-androstan-17beta-yl acetate and 2'-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-azapyrazolo[4',3':2,3]-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol.

In both the title aza-steroids, 2'-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-azapyrazolo[4',3':2,3]-5alpha-androstan-17beta-yl acetate, C(27)H(34)FN(3)O(2), (I), and 2'-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-azapyrazolo[4',3':2,3]-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol, C(25)H(32)FN(3)O, (II), the tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation and is considerably strained as a consequence of the presence of the fused planar pyrazole ring. In both compounds, both cyclohexane rings have chair conformations, while the cyclopentane ring has an envelope conformation. All the rings of the steroid nucleus are trans fused. In (I), intermolecular N-H.O, C-H.F, C-H.O and C-H.N interactions are observed in the solid state, while intermolecular N-H.O and O-H.N hydrogen bonds are observed in (II).

1-[2-(4-nitrophenoxy)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2-one: an antiamnesic agent.

The title compound, C(12)H(12)N(2)O(5), is a potential antiamnesic agent. The pyrrolidinone ring has an envelope conformation, and the central moiety is almost coplanar with the planes of the phenyl and pyrrolidinone rings. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C--H...O interactions link the molecules into a complex network that can be described by R(2)(2)(X) rings (X = 16, 20 and 26) and a C(12) chain.

2-(2-Naphthyloxy)acetate derivatives. I. A new class of antiamnesic agents.

The title compounds 1-(2-naphthyloxymethylcarbonyl)piperidine, C(17)H(19)NO(2), (I), and 3-methyl-1-(2-naphthyloxymethylcarbonyl)piperidine, C(18)H(21)NO(2), (II), are potential antiamnesics. In (II), the methyl-substituted piperidine ring is disordered over two conformations. The piperidine ring has a chair conformation in both compounds. In (I), the molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C-H.O interactions to give networks represented by C(4), C(6) and R(4)(4)(18) graph-set motifs, while in (II), weak intermolecular C-H.O interactions generate R(1)(2)(5), C(4) and C(7) graph-set motifs. The dihedral angle between the naphthalene moiety and the piperidine ring is 33.83 (7) degrees in (I), while it is 31.78 (11) and 19.38 (19) degrees for the major and minor conformations, respectively, in (II).

2-(2-Naphthyloxy)acetate derivatives. II. A new class of antiamnesic agents.

The title compounds, 4-(2-naphthyloxymethylcarbonyl)morpholine, C(16)H(17)NO(3), (I), and 4-methyl-1-(2-naphthyloxymethylcarbonyl)piperazine, C(17)H(20)N(2)O(2), (II), are potential antiamnesics. The morpholine ring in (I) and the piperazine ring in (II) adopt chair conformations. In (I), the molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C-H.O interactions into chains that have a graph-set motif of C(10), while in (II), the molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C-H.O interactions that generate two C(7) graph-set motifs. The dihedral angle between the naphthalene moiety and the best plane through the morpholine ring is 20.62 (4) degrees in (I), while the naphthalene moiety is oriented nearly perpendicular to the mean plane of the piperazine ring in (II).

Hydrogen-bonded dimers of 1,8,10-trihydroxy-10-(prop-2-enyl)anthracen-9(10H)-one: S(6), R(2)(1)(10) and R(2)(2)(14) motifs.

The central ring of the anthrone system in the title compound, C(17)H(14)O(4), has a shallow envelope conformation, and each of the two outer rings is inclined at an angle of 17.41 (3) degrees. In the solid state, the molecules exist as centrosymmetrically related O-H.O hydrogen-bonded dimers. Two intramolecular O-H.O hydrogen bonds, involving the central carbonyl O atom and having a graph-set motif of S(6), are observed. These intramolecular interactions lead co-operatively to an O-H.O.H-O pattern that has a binary graph-set motif of R(2)(1)(10).

16-(4-Cyanobenzylidene)-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3beta-ol.

In the title compound, 4-(3beta-hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-16-ylidenemethyl)benzonitrile, C(27)H(31)NO(2), rings A and C of the steroid nucleus are in chair conformations. The central six-membered ring B is in an 8beta,9alpha-half-chair conformation, while the five-membered ring D adopts a 13beta,14alpha-half-chair conformation. The cyanobenzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group at position C17. The dihedral angle between the planes of the steroid nucleus and the cyanobenzylidene moiety is 22.61 (15) degrees. Intermolecular O-H.N hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl group of the steroid and the N atom of the cyanobenzylidene moiety of symmetry-related molecules link the steroid molecules into chains which run parallel to the b axis.

16-[3-Methoxy-4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)benzylidene]-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3beta-yl acetate monohydrate.

The title compound, C(36)H(49)NO(5).H(2)O, has the outer two six-membered rings of the steroid nucleus in chair conformations. The central ring B of the steroid nucleus is in an 8beta,9alpha-half-chair conformation, while ring D of the steroid adopts a slightly distorted 13beta,14alpha-half-chair conformation. The piperidine ring is in a chair conformation. The methoxybenzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group at position 17. Intermolecular O-H.O and O-H.N hydrogen bonds link the steroid and water molecules into chains which run parallel to the b axis.

3Beta-(1-allyl-1-pyrrolidinio)-16-(2-pyridylmethylene)androst-5-en-17beta-ol bromide hemihydrate.

The title compound, C(32)H(45)N(2)O(+).Br(-).0.5H(2)O, has the outer two six-membered rings in chair conformations, while the central ring is in an 8beta,9alpha-half-chair conformation. The five-membered ring of the steroid nucleus adopts a slightly deformed 14alpha-envelope conformation. The pyridylmethylene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the hydroxyl group at position 17. The structure is stabilized by a network of O-H...Br-type intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

16-(4-Cyanobenzylidene)-3 beta-pyrrolidinoandrost-5-en-17 beta-ol monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(31)H(40)N(2)O x H(2)O, the outer two six-membered rings are in chair conformations, while the central ring is in an 8 beta,9 alpha-half-chair conformation. The five-membered ring adopts a 13 beta-envelope conformation and the cyanobenzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the hydroxyl group at position 17. The steroid nuclei are linked by intermolecular O[bond]H...O and O[bond]H...N hydrogen bonds to form a molecular network. The molecular packing has an interesting feature, with the steroids aligned parallel to the b axis, forming a closed loop through hydrogen bonds linked via water molecules.

4-(3,17-Dioxoandrost-4-en-16-ylidenemethyl)benzonitrile.

The title compound, C(27)H(29)NO(2), has the outer six-membered ring in a sofa conformation, while the central rings are in chair conformations. The five-membered ring adopts a slightly distorted 13 beta,14 alpha-half-chair conformation. The cyanobenzylidene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group at position 17.

17-Oxo-16-(2-pyridylmethylene)androst-5-en-3beta-ol monohydrate.

The title compound, C(25)H(31)NO(2).H(2)O, has the outer two six-membered rings in chair conformations, while the central ring is in an 8beta,9alpha-half-chair conformation. The five-membered ring adopts a 13,14-half-chair conformation. The pyridylmethylene moiety has an E configuration with respect to the carbonyl group at position 17. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular O-H...N and O-H...O hydrogen bonds.

Piperidinium 3-[(4-hydroxy-5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-phenylmethyl]-5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-olate.

In the title salt, C5H12N+*C29H23O6-, both benzopyran systems are planar. Intermolecular N--H...O hydrogen bonds and a short O--H...O intramolecular hydrogen bond are observed in the structure.