[Age features of heart rate variability in cosmonauts according to urine proteomics data.]

As the life of the International Space Station (ISS) is lengthening, Russian crews are dominated by cosmonauts over 40 years of age who have repeatedly made a space flight (SF) and have a long stay on the ISS. In order to study the age-related features of the regulation of heart rate variability (HRV) in cosmonauts, based on proteomics data, we analyzed simultaneously the obtained data on the proteomic composition of urine samples and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, followed by an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in cosmonauts in the age group of 46,5±3,4 (n=12). The survey was carried out in the period of preparation for the next flight. The urine proteome was studied by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Heart rate variability was assessed by software methods for analyzing ECG fragments. For the first time, data based on proteomics on the age-related features of the regulation of heart rate variability in cosmonauts are presented. According to age periodization, cosmonauts are in the middle age of the second period. The concentrations of mucin 1, type VI collagen, and cadherin 13 were shown to change with age. A decrease in HRV was also observed with increasing age. There was an increase in sympathetic influence and a progressive decrease in parasympathetic influence.

[Analysis of Urine Proteome in Patients With Postinfarction Cardiosclerosis Combined With Hypertensive Disease for Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction].

In our study urine protein composition of 18 healthy volunteers was compared with that of 18 patients with ischemic heart disease and concomitant hypertension. Liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the second fraction of morning urine was carried out using nano-line high performance liquid chromatograph and hybrid mass spectrometer. The analysis revealed 23 proteins expressed in the endothelium, according to the information contained in the database Bgee, and 49 proteins, with direct functional link with the processes in the endothelium in the reconstruction of associative networks using ANDSystem program. Comparison of urine proteome of healthy people and patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis revealed proteins specific for patients with cardiovascular disease. Thus, proteins vitronectin, syndecan-4, a histidine rich glycoprotein, endothelial protein C receptor, colony stimulating factor, cathepsin D and sekretogranin-1 may be considered as potential markers for cardiovascular diseases. Further research in this area should be conducted for clinical and experimental verification of these hypotheses.

[Effect of 120-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia on the reproductive function in women]. / Vliianie 120-sutochoi antiortostaticheskoi gipokinezii na reproduktvnuiu sistemu zhenshchin.

Original data on the peculiarities of adaptation to and functional status of the reproductive system in long-term antiorthostatic hypokinesia (AOH) have been obtained. The studies involved eight healthy female volunteers aged 26-37 years who were exposed to the head-down tilt (-6 degrees) for 120 days. The test subjects were divided into 2 groups of 4 persons each. In Group A, the countermeasures, i.e. physical exercise and pharmacological means, were used. In Group B, at no time did the test subjects use the countermeasures throughout the 120-day AOH. With and without the countermeasures, hypokinesia was found to impact the female reproductive system developing clinical symptoms of deficiency of the menstrual lutein phase and giving rise to small inclusions of functional fluids in the ovaries. Within 6 months after AOH, the ovarial function of the test subjects was fully recovered which may be indicative of the functional character of changes. These changes can be explained by dissociation of the functional relations in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarial system manifested by increases in the plasmic concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) against normal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin, and moderately increased levels of testosterone, relative hyperestrogenemia and hypoprogesteronemia. These clinical and hormonal developments are contrary to the observations usually made in various models of stress. Similarity of the hormonal profiles under hypokinesia and long-term immersion of female swimmers may be ascribed to common mechanisms underlying the disturbance of the reproductive function.