RESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Mensurar e comparar o grau de cifose torácica em mulheres idosas portadoras e não portadoras de osteoporose na coluna por meio da biofotogrametria computadorizada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 12 mulheres com idade média de 68,5 anos (variação de 65 a 74 anos), divididas em dois grupos. O grupo 1, composto por seis mulheres com diagnóstico densitométrico de osteoporose na coluna (DP: -2,70 a -4,97) e o grupo 2, composto por seis mulheres com diagnóstico densitométrico de osteopenia na coluna (DP: 1,07 a -2,09), ambos comparados com a população adulta jovem. Os dois grupos foram fotografados no plano sagital direito com marcadores fixados na coluna em dois pontos anatômicos. As imagens selecionadas foram quantificadas por meio da biofotogrametria computadorizada, utilizando-se o programa Autocad-2006. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença significativa (p=0,02) entre os graus de cifose torácica do grupo 1 (66,8º±10,75) e do grupo 2 (53,0º±10,56). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitem concluir que a osteoporose acentua o grau de cifose torácica.
OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the degree of thoracic kyphosis in older adult women with and without spinal osteoporosis, by means of computerized biophotogrammetry. METHODS: Twelve women of mean age 68.5 years (ranging from 65 to 74 years) were evaluated and divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of six women with a densitometry diagnosis of spinal osteoporosis (SD: -2.70 to -4.97), while Group 2 consisted of six women with a densitometry diagnosis of spinal osteopenia (SD: -1.07 to -2.09). These groups were compared with young adults. The two groups were photographed in the right sagittal plane with markers attached to the spine at two anatomical points. The images selected were quantified by means of computerized biophotogrammetry, using the software AutoCAD-2006. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p=0.02) between the degrees of thoracic kyphosis in group 1 (66.8º±10.75) and group 2 (53.0º±10.56). CONCLUSION: The results showed that osteoporosis increased the degree of thoracic kyphosis.
RESUMO
The main objective of this paper was to perform a preliminary comparative study between chemical and electrochemical coagulation processes, both followed by flocculation and sedimentation of an effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating simulated wastewater from an unbleached Kraft pulp mill. The electrochemical treatment removed up to 67% (with aluminum electrodes) and 82% (with stainless-steel electrodes) of the remaining chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 84% (stainless steel) and 98% (aluminum) of the color in the wastewater. These efficiencies were achieved with an energy consumption ranging from 14 to 20 Wh l(-1). The coagulation-flocculation treatment with ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate removed up to 87% and 90% of COD and 94% and 98% of color, respectively. The addition of a high molecular weight cationic polymer enhanced both COD and color removal efficiencies. The two post-treatment processes proved to be technically feasible; however the economical feasibility could not be assessed since the experiments were performed with small reactors that could distort scale factors.
