One-pot synthesis of ß-cyclodextrin modified silver nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of ciprofloxacin.

This study emphases on electrochemical detection of ciprofloxacin in sheep serum and runoff water using silver nanoparticle modified ß-cyclodextrin (Ag-ß-CD) composite. The Ag-ß-CD composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal route, which resulted in a high product yield. Morphological and spectral characterizations of the Ag-ß-CD composite were carried out. The Ag-ß-CD composite was used to detect ciprofloxacin by employing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Ag-ß-CD modified electrode displayed excellent specificity towards the electro-oxidation of ciprofloxacin. Further, the sensor gave the best response towards the electro-oxidation of ciprofloxacin near the human physiological pH of 7.5. A linear response was obtained between the concentration range of 0.1 nM to 50 nM and the limit of detection (LOD) at 0.028 nM with high sensitivity and selectivity towards ciprofloxacin oxidation. The current work has a rationally synthesized and characterized nanocomposite with a very high potential for rapid and sensitive detection of ciprofloxacin in spiked sheep blood serum and domestic runoff water samples. High sensitivity and low LOD results illustrate good practicability for the detection of ciprofloxacin in such samples in the near future.

sMAdCAM: IL-6 Ratio Influences Disease Progression and Anti-Viral Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The role of sMAdCAM, an important gut immune migratory marker, remains unexplored in COVID-19 pathogenesis considering recent studies positing the gut as a sanctuary site for SARS-CoV-2 persistence. Thus, assimilating profiles of systemic inflammatory mediators with sMAdCAM levels may provide insights into the progression of COVID-19 disease. Also, the role of these markers in governing virus specific immunity following infection remains largely unexplored. A cohort (n = 84) of SARS-C0V-2 infected individuals included a group of in-patients (n = 60) at various stages of disease progression together with convalescent individuals (n = 24) recruited between April and June 2020 from Mumbai, India. Follow-up of 35 in-patients at day 7 post diagnosis was carried out. Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines along with soluble MAdCAM (sMAdCAM) levels in plasma were measured. Also, anti-viral humoral response as measured by rapid antibody test (IgG, IgM), Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (IgG), and antibodies binding to SARS-CoV-2 proteins were measured by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) from plasma. IL-6 and sMAdCAM levels among in-patients inversely correlated with one another. When expressed as a novel integrated marker-sMIL index (sMAdCAM/IL-6 ratio)-these levels were incrementally and significantly higher in various disease states with convalescents exhibiting the highest values. Importantly, sMAdCAM levels as well as sMIL index (fold change) correlated with peak association response units of receptor binding domain and fold change in binding to spike respectively as measured by SPR. Our results highlight key systemic and gut homing parameters that need to be monitored and investigated further to optimally guide therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for COVID-19.

Prevalence of non A to E hepatitis in Mumbai, India.

INTRODUCTION: Acute viral hepatitis is a common problem in India. World wide data shows that 5 to 20 percent of this is caused by non A-E hepatitis. There is no data in India regarding non A-E hepatitis. We carried out this study to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors and outcome of non A-E hepatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this single centre study, we evaluated all patients admitted with features of acute viral hepatitis at our hospital between the period of February to July 2015. A detailed history about the epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features was done. Patients were evaluated with bilirubin, transaminases and prothrombin time. Each patient was investigated for IgM HAV, IgM HEV, HBsAg and Antibody against hepatitis C. Patients turning out negative were investigated for presence of autoimmune hepatitis or Wilson's disease. All viral markers were repeated a week later to confirm non A-E status. RESULTS: A total 265 patients were included of which 41 (15.4%) patients were non A-E hepatitis. They had higher age (28.55 vs 34.99, p<0.05) but similar gender and sub urban location. Median SEC classification was A2 in hepatitis A/E group as compared to A3 in non A-E group. The duration of symptoms and clinical features between the two groups were similar with Anorexia, Malasie, Nausea/vomiting being most common. The risk factors between the two groups were similar. The bilirubin and transaminases were non significantly lower than hepatitis A/E patients while albumin levels were significantly lower. The outcomes of both groups were similar with no mortality or fulminant hepatitis. CONCLUSION: Non A-E hepatitis patients tends to be older, lower SEC class and had lower albumin levels as compared to hepatitis A/E.

Prevalence of non A to E hepatitis in Mumbai, India / Prevalencia de la hepatitis no A /E en Mumbai, India

Introduction: Acute viral hepatitis is a common problem in India. World wide data shows that 5 to 20 percent of this is caused by non A-E hepatitis. There is no data in India regarding non A-E hepatitis. We carried out this study to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors and outcome of non A-E hepatitis. Material and methods: In this single centre study, we evaluated all patients admitted with features of acute viral hepatitis at our hospital between the period of February to July 2015. A detailed history about the epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features was done. Patients were evaluated with bilirubin, transaminases and prothrombin time. Each patient was investigated for IgM HAV, IgM HEV, HBsAg and Antibody against hepatitis C. Patients turning out negative were investigated for presence of autoimmune hepatitis or Wilson's disease. All viral markers were repeated a week later to confirm non A-E status. Results: A total 265 patients were included of which 41 (15.4%) patients were non A-E hepatitis. They had higher age (28.55 vs 34.99, p<0.05) but similar gender and sub urban location. Median SEC classification was A2 in hepatitis A/E group as compared to A3 in non A-E group. The duration of symptoms and clinical features between the two groups were similar with Anorexia, Malasie, Nausea/vomiting being most common. The risk factors between the two groups were similar. The bilirubin and transaminases were non significantly lower than hepatitis A/E patients while albumin levels were significantly lower. The outcomes of both groups were similar with no mortality or fulminant hepatitis. Conclusion: Non A-E hepatitis patients tends to be older, lower SEC class and had lower albumin levels as compared to hepatitis A/E

Introdución: La hepatitis viral aguda es un problema común en la India. Los datos mundiales indican que el 5 al 20% es causada por hepatitis no A-E. No hay datos en la India sobre hepatitis no A-E. Objetivo: Se realiza este estudio para evaluar la epidemiología, clínica, factores de riesgo y pronóstico de la hepatitis no A-E. Material y métodos: En este estudio de un solo centro evaluamos a todos los pacientes que se admitieron con clínica de hepatitis viral aguda en nuestro hospital en el periodo de febrero a julio del 2015. Se realizó una historia detallada para evaluar la epidemiología, características clínicas. Se les tomó bilirrubinas, transaminasas y tiempo de protrombina. A cada paciente se le realizó HAV IgM, HEV IgM, HbsAg y anticuerpo anti hepatitis C. Los que fueron negativos se les estudió para hepatitis autoinmune y enfermedad de Wilson. Todos los marcadores virales se repitieron a la semana para confirmar hepatitis no A-E. Resultados: Se incluyeron 256 pacientes, 41 de ellos (15,4%) fueron hepatitis no A-E. Tuvieron más edad (28,55 vs 34,99, p<0,05), pero el mismo género y ubicación urbana. La clasificación media SEC fue A2 en el grupo hepatitis A/E, comparada con 3 en el grupo de no A-E. La duración de los síntomas y el desarrollo clínico fue similar en ambos grupos, siendo la anorexia el malestar general, las náuseas y los vómitos los más frecuentes. El factor de riesgo fue similar, al igual que las transaminasas, mientras que la albúmina fue significativamente menor. El resultado fue similar sin caso alguno de hepatitis fulminante. Conclusión: Los pacientes con hepatitis no A-E tienden a ser mayores, de clase SEC más baja y con valores de albumina más bajos que los pacientes con hepatitis A-E

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel ethyl 2-(2-(4-substituted)acetamido)-4-subtituted-thiazole-5-carboxylate derivatives.

A series of novel molecules containing thiazole ring structure were designed and synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass spectrum and the purity was checked through HPLC analysis. Among these synthesized compounds, 3a-3i and 6a-6c were tested for their antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration) against a series of strains of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger for antifungal activity respectively. The results of the antimicrobial screening data revealed that most of the tested compounds showed moderate to good microbial inhibitions.

One pot three components microwave assisted and conventional synthesis of new 3-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(substituted) thiazolidin-4-one as antimicrobial agents.

A one-pot, three-component, microwave assisted and conventional synthesis of new 3-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(substituted) thiazolidin-4-one (4a-n) was carried out by using N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent with high product yield. Among these synthesized compounds (4f, 4g, 4l and 4m) were found to be a broad spectrum molecule active against all bacterial and fungus strains tested, except fungus Aspergillus niger. Amongst the compounds (4g, 4l and 4m) were found to be more potent than respective standard drugs used in the experiment against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. All synthesized compounds were also tested for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. This study shows that all compounds were non-cytotoxic in nature, and confirmed their antimicrobial specificity apart from any general cytotoxicity.