Analyzing results of cervical sagittal parameters in patients operated with polyetheretherketone cages without plate.

Study Design: This was a retrospective longitudinal observational study. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of cervical sagittal parameters on preoperative and postoperative lateral radiographs in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). ACDF is believed to change craniocervical parameters and thus cervical curvature using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or titanium cages with or without self-locking as well as an anterior plate, the latter of which has not been shown to provide better clinical or radiological results. Overview of Literature: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common degenerative pathology that can affect one or more levels and treatment has varied over time trying to maintain sagittal parameters within acceptable values where the ACDF is the main treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in patients with CSM who underwent anterior cervical discectomy, and their pre- and postoperative radiographs were analyzed using Surgimap software a few days before and 3 months after surgery. Results: Fifteen files were included in the study. Statistically significant sagittal balance variables were observed in cervical lordosis (CL) with an increase of 4.73° (P = 0.019) and T1 slope (T1S)-CL with a decrease of -5.93° (P = 0.007). Conclusions: CL and T1S-CL showed favorably modified values when performing ACDF using stand-alone PEEK cages without the need for self-blocking or an anterior plate.

The evolution of environmentally mediated social interactions and posthumous spite under isolation by distance.

Many social interactions happen indirectly via modifications of the environment, e.g. through the secretion of functional compounds or the depletion of renewable resources. Here, we derive the selection gradient on a quantitative trait affecting dynamical environmental variables that feed back on reproduction and survival in a finite patch-structured population subject to isolation by distance. Our analysis shows that the selection gradient depends on how a focal individual influences the fitness of all future individuals in the population through modifications of the environmental variables they experience, weighted by the neutral relatedness between recipients and the focal. The evolutionarily relevant trait-driven environmental modifications are formalized as the extended phenotypic effects of an individual, quantifying how a trait change in an individual in the present affects the environmental variables in all patches at all future times. When the trait affects reproduction and survival through a payoff function, the selection gradient can be expressed in terms of extended phenotypic effects weighted by scaled relatedness. We show how to compute extended phenotypic effects, relatedness, and scaled relatedness using Fourier analysis, which allow us to investigate a broad class of environmentally mediated social interactions in a tractable way. We use our approach to study the evolution of a trait controlling the costly production of some lasting commons (e.g. a common-pool resource or a toxic compound) that can diffuse in space and persist in time. We show that indiscriminate posthumous spite readily evolves in this scenario. More generally, whether selection favours environmentally mediated altruism or spite is determined by the spatial correlation between an individual's lineage and the commons originating from its patch. The sign of this correlation depends on interactions between dispersal patterns and the commons' renewal dynamics. More broadly, we suggest that selection can favour a wide range of social behaviours when these have carry-over effects in space and time.

Insights into the spatial ecology of severely injured free-living felids: Iberian lynx, bobcat, and snow leopard.

Severe musculoskeletal diseases, such as those associated with congenital or traumatic events, that result in missing limbs may compromise the fitness and survival of free-living felids. Here we report the space use of four amputee individuals from three felid species captured from 2017 to 2022 in Missouri (USA), Toledo and Badajoz (Spain), and Suitai Khairkhan Mountain (Mongolia). We describe home ranges and daily travel distances post-release of free-living felids that had either suffered a traumatic amputation or following a surgical amputation. We compared these data with those reported in the literature for felids without amputations. Forelimb or hindlimb amputation did not affect the hunting, mating, or territory patrolling behavior of any of the individuals. However, we recorded significant differences in the daily movement before and after the traumatic event of the Iberian lynx forelimb amputee. We attribute this difference to the physical impairment, although we consider other variables that may have played a role. Nevertheless, all animals appeared to cope well with their limb loss, showing home ranges and daily distances within those recorded for their sex and species. Unless amputee felids represent a threat to domestic livestock or humans, our data suggest these individuals may remain free-living as they contribute to local population persistence and appear to maintain good general health and welfare.

Derivación y validación de un nuevo puntaje predictivo de mortalidad por covid-19 en la altura / Derivation and Validation of a New covid-19 Predictive Score for Mortality at High Altitude / Derivação e validação de um novo escore preditivo de mortalidade por covid-19 em altitude

Objetivo: desarrollar un puntaje predictivo de mortalidad para pacientes con covid-19. Materiales y méto-dos: estudio retrospectivo, analítico, observacional y transversal, realizado en dos fases. Se revisaron 620 historias clínicas con una cohorte de derivación de 320 pacientes y una de validación de 300 pacientes. Las variables se analizaron con test de Anova, chi cuadrado de Pearson y análisis multivariante con regresión binaria, que determinaron sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo negativo y positivo. Los puntajes se compararon mediante curvas cor con los scoresnews y hews. Resultados: los dos puntajes obtenidos incluyeron valores de edad, conteo de linfocitos, SatO2/FiO2, leucocitos, plaquetas, ausencia de síntomas, hipertensión arterial, epid y dhl. El área bajo la curva (abc) fue de 0.838 para el puntaje con dhl, con una mortalidad del 100 % para 7.75 puntos o más, y un abc de 0.826 para el primer puntaje. En la cohorte de validación, el abc para el primer puntaje fue de 0.831 y para el score con dhl fue 0.855. El puntaje hewsobtuvo un abc de 0.451, y el news, un abc de 0.396. Conclusiones: se desarrollaron dos herramientas para predecir mortalidad en pacientes con covid-19, con alto poder de discriminación, superior a los puntajes británicos hews y news

Objetivo: desarrollar un puntaje predictivo de mortalidad para pacientes con covid-19. Materiales y méto-dos: estudio retrospectivo, analítico, observacional y transversal, realizado en dos fases. Se revisaron 620 historias clínicas con una cohorte de derivación de 320 pacientes y una de validación de 300 pacientes. Las variables se analizaron con test de Anova, chi cuadrado de Pearson y análisis multivariante con regresión binaria, que determinaron sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo negativo y positivo. Los puntajes se compararon mediante curvas cor con los scoresnews y hews. Resultados: los dos puntajes obtenidos incluyeron valores de edad, conteo de linfocitos, SatO2/FiO2, leucocitos, plaquetas, ausencia de síntomas, hipertensión arterial, epid y dhl. El área bajo la curva (abc) fue de 0.838 para el puntaje con dhl, con una mortalidad del 100 % para 7.75 puntos o más, y un abc de 0.826 para el primer puntaje. En la cohorte de validación, el abc para el primer puntaje fue de 0.831 y para el score con dhl fue 0.855. El puntaje hewsobtuvo un abc de 0.451, y el news, un abc de 0.396. Conclusiones: se desarrollaron dos herramientas para predecir mortalidad en pacientes con covid-19, con alto poder de discriminación, superior a los puntajes británicos hews y news

Objetivo: desenvolver um escore preditivo de mortalidade para pacientes com covid-19. Materiais e Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, analítico, observacional e transversal, realizado em duas fases. Foram revisados 620 prontuários, com uma coorte de derivação de 320 pacientes e uma coorte de validação de 300 pacientes. As variáveis foram analisadas com teste anova, qui-quadrado de Pearson e análise multivariada com regressão binária, determinando sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo nega-tivo e positivo. As pontuações foram comparadas por meio de curvas cor com as pontuações news e hews. Resultados: os dois escores obtidos incluíram valores de: idade, contagem de linfócitos, SatO2/FiO2, leucócitos, plaquetas, ausência de sintomas, hipertensão arterial, epid e dhl. A área sob a curva (abc) foi de 0,838 para o escore dhl, com 100 % de mortalidade para 7,75 pontos ou mais, e uma abc de 0,826 para o primeiro escore. Na coorte de validação, a abc para o primeiro escore foi de 0,831 e para o escore com dhl foi de 0,855. A pontuação hews obteve abc de 0,451 e o news uma abc de 0,396. Conclusões: foram desenvolvidas duas ferramentas para prever mortalidade em pacientes com covid-19, com alto poder de discriminação, superior aos escores britânicos hews e news

The shirker's dilemma and the prospect of cooperation in large groups.

Cooperation usually becomes harder to sustain as groups become larger because incentives to shirk increase with the number of potential contributors to collective action. But is this always the case? Here we study a binary-action cooperative dilemma where a public good is provided as long as not more than a given number of players shirk from a costly cooperative task. We find that at the stable polymorphic equilibrium, which exists when the cost of cooperation is low enough, the probability of cooperating increases with group size and reaches a limit of one when the group size tends to infinity. Nevertheless, increasing the group size may increase or decrease the probability that the public good is provided at such an equilibrium, depending on the cost value. We also prove that the expected payoff to individuals at the stable polymorphic equilibrium (i.e., their fitness) decreases with group size. For low enough costs of cooperation, both the probability of provision of the public good and the expected payoff converge to positive values in the limit of large group sizes. However, we also find that the basin of attraction of the stable polymorphic equilibrium is a decreasing function of group size and shrinks to zero in the limit of very large groups. Overall, we demonstrate non-trivial comparative statics with respect to group size in an otherwise simple collective action problem.

Can Stereotype Threat and Lift Visual Messages Affect Subsequent Physical Activity? Evidence from a Controlled Experiment Using Accelerometers.

This study investigated how visual messages conveying stereotype threat or lift influenced physical activity performance. Participants (N = 380) were exposed to a stereotype threat, lift, or control condition image and then engaged in a running task. Accelerometers recorded forward-backward movement, upward-downward movement, and sideways balance. Stereotype threat exposure increased state anxiety relative to the control condition. In addition, forward-backward movement was linked to state anxiety and participants' sex. Moreover, women exposed to stereotype threat who experienced increased state anxiety showed reduced forward-backward movement. Men exposed to stereotype lift displayed higher forward-backward movement. Additionally, stereotype threat visual message exposure increased sideways balance activity for women but not for men. Upward-downward movement was unaffected by stereotype threat or lift. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of how exposure to visual stereotypes can influence physical activity performance.

Impact of social marginalization on oral health-related quality of life in older adults.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and social marginalization in people aged 60 years and older enrolled in social security in Mexico. A cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in older adults. To assess the OHRQoL, the OHIP-14 instrument was applied, and the degree of social marginalization and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, simple frequencies and proportions were estimated. Student's t-test was used for comparison of means, and prevalence ratio (PR) and logistic regression were used to assess associations, all with a significance value of 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Perceived OHRQoL in the population measured through the OHIP-14 reached an average value of 9.84 ± 8.91, with the highest value in the dimension of physical pain (2.06 ± 1.91). Perceived treatment need was higher among people with social marginality (p = 0.011). The multivariate analysis shows that marginalized people have a lower OHRQoL. Socially marginalized older adults showed a low a better perception of OHRQoL, independent of demographic and clinical factors.

Accurate GW frontier orbital energies of 134 kilo molecules.

HOMO and LUMO energies are critical molecular properties that typically require high accuracy computations for practical applicability. Until now, a comprehensive dataset containing sufficiently accurate HOMO and LUMO energies has been unavailable. In this study, we introduce a new dataset of HOMO/LUMO energies for QM9 compounds, calculated using the GW method. The GW method offers adequate HOMO/LUMO prediction accuracy for diverse applications, exhibiting mean unsigned errors of 100 meV in the GW100 benchmark dataset. This database may serve as a benchmark of HOMO/LUMO prediction, delta-learning, and transfer learning, particularly for larger molecules where GW is the most accurate but still numerically feasible method. We anticipate that this dataset will enable the development of more accurate machine learning models for predicting molecular properties.

Carga económica de la hipercolesterolemia en población con alto riesgo cardiovascular en México / Economic burden of hypercholesterolemia in high risk of cardiovascular disease population in Mexico

Resumen Objetivo: Se estimó la carga económica directa e indirecta de la hipercolesterolemia en población con alto riesgo de presentar un evento cardiovascular. Para ello se definieron específicamente cinco grupos de pacientes: 1) aquellos con hipercolesterolemia familiar; 2, 3 y 4) personas con hipercolesterolemia más el antecedente de diabetes, infarto o evento vascular cerebral; 5) pacientes con hipercolesterolemia más diabetes y antecedente de infarto agudo de miocardio (definidos como pacientes de muy alto riesgo cardiovascular). Los cálculos se hicieron desde la perspectiva de las instituciones de salud pública en México. Método: Para la estimación de los costos directos se incluyó la atención ambulatoria, el tratamiento farmacológico, la atención hospitalaria y las intervenciones quirúrgicas relacionadas con las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Para la carga económica indirecta, se consideraron las muertes reportadas específicamente por causa de hipercolesterolemia, en un momento anterior al final de la edad productiva (muerte prematura). Resultados: La carga económica directa de las cinco categorías de pacientes en riesgo consideradas es de MXN $39,601,464,154 (USD $1,987,526,432), mientras que la carga económica indirecta asciende a MXN $121,646,689 (USD $6,105,229). Conclusiones: El impacto económico de la hipercolesterolemia en población con alto riesgo cardiovascular correspondía a $39,723,110,843 en 2020 (equivalente a USD $1,993,631,661), equivalente al 0.16% del PIB nacional.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the direct and indirect economic burden of hypercholesterolemia in patients with high risk of a cardiovascular event, specifically there were defined 5 groups of patients: 1) familial hypercholesterolemia; 2, 3 and 4) patients with hypercholesterolemia and background of diabetes, myocardial infarction or stroke; 5) diabetes, myocardial infarction and hypercholesterolemia (very high-risk patients) from the Mexican public healthcare institutions. Methods: For the estimation of the direct costs the items included correspond to: outpatient care, pharmacological treatment, inpatient hospital care, and surgical procedures. For indirect economic burden, death certificates, before the end of the productive age due to hypercholesterolemia were calculated (premature mortality). Results: The direct economic burden for the 5 groups of patients at risk is MXN $39,601,464,154 (USD $1,987,526,432), while the indirect economic burden amounts to MXN $121,646,689 (USD $6,105,229). Conclusions: The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia in patients with high cardiovascular risk is $39,723,110,843 (equivalent to USD $1,993,631,661) and corresponds to the 0.16% of GDP.

Economic burden of hypercholesterolemia in high risk of cardiovascular disease population in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct and indirect economic burden of hypercholesterolemia in patients with high risk of a cardiovascular event, specifically there were defined 5 groups of patients: 1) familial hypercholesterolemia; 2, 3 and 4) patients with hypercholesterolemia and background of diabetes, myocardial infarction or stroke; 5) diabetes, myocardial infarction and hypercholesterolemia (very high-risk patients) from the Mexican public healthcare institutions. METHODS: For the estimation of the direct costs the items included correspond to: outpatient care, pharmacological treatment, inpatient hospital care, and surgical procedures. For indirect economic burden, death certificates, before the end of the productive age due to hypercholesterolemia were calculated (premature mortality). RESULTS: The direct economic burden for the 5 groups of patients at risk is MXN $39,601,464,154 (USD $1,987,526,432), while the indirect economic burden amounts to MXN $121,646,689 (USD $6,105,229). CONCLUSIONS: The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia in patients with high cardiovascular risk is $39,723,110,843 (equivalent to USD $1,993,631,661) and corresponds to the 0.16% of GDP.

OBJETIVO: Se estimó la carga económica directa e indirecta de la hipercolesterolemia en población con alto riesgo de presentar un evento cardiovascular. Para ello se definieron específicamente cinco grupos de pacientes: 1) aquellos con hipercolesterolemia familiar; 2, 3 y 4) personas con hipercolesterolemia más el antecedente de diabetes, infarto o evento vascular cerebral; 5) pacientes con hipercolesterolemia más diabetes y antecedente de infarto agudo de miocardio (definidos como pacientes de muy alto riesgo cardiovascular). Los cálculos se hicieron desde la perspectiva de las instituciones de salud pública en México. MÉTODO: Para la estimación de los costos directos se incluyó la atención ambulatoria, el tratamiento farmacológico, la atención hospitalaria y las intervenciones quirúrgicas relacionadas con las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Para la carga económica indirecta, se consideraron las muertes reportadas específicamente por causa de hipercolesterolemia, en un momento anterior al final de la edad productiva (muerte prematura). RESULTADOS: La carga económica directa de las cinco categorías de pacientes en riesgo consideradas es de MXN $39,601,464,154 (USD $1,987,526,432), mientras que la carga económica indirecta asciende a MXN $121,646,689 (USD $6,105,229). CONCLUSIONES: El impacto económico de la hipercolesterolemia en población con alto riesgo cardiovascular correspondía a $39,723,110,843 en 2020 (equivalente a USD $1,993,631,661), equivalente al 0.16% del PIB nacional.

Inadequate diabetes knowledge is associated with poor glycemia control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between glycemia control with level of diabetes knowledge, diabetes education, and lifestyle variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study. SITE: Clinics of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with type 2 diabetes. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, and lipid profile levels were measured from fasting venous blood samples. Assessment of disease knowledge was performed using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Weight and abdominal circumference were measured, as well as body composition using bioimpedance. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables were obtained. RESULTS: A total of 297 patients were included, sixty-seven percent (67%) were women with a median of six years since the diagnosis of diabetes. Only 7% of patients had adequate diabetes knowledge, and 56% had regular knowledge. Patients with adequate diabetes knowledge had a lower body mass index (p=0.016), lower percentage of fat (p=0.008), and lower fat mass (p=0.018); followed a diet (p=0.004) and had received diabetes education (p=0.002), and to obtain information about their illness (p=0.001). Patients with low levels of diabetes knowledge had a higher risk of HbA1c≥7% (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 1.48,14.86; p=0.009), as well as those who did not receive diabetes education (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.21-3.90; p=0.009) and those who did not follow a diet (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.01,5.55; p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Inadequate knowledge of diabetes, lack of diabetes education, and dietary adherence are associated with poor glycemia control in patients with diabetes.

Inequalities in diabetes mortality in Mexico: 2010-2019.

BACKGROUND: The impact of diabetes mellitus has been shown to be differentially expressed between social groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate inequality gaps in diabetes mellitus mortality through absolute and relative measures according to geographic distribution and social conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetes mellitus-related deaths recorded in Mexico between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed, and inequality measurements at the state level were calculated by gender. RESULTS: National age-adjusted diabetes mellitus mortality rate showed an increase during the study period. CONCLUSION: The inequalities present in diabetes mortality should be considered for the design of health strategies.

ANTECEDENTES: Se ha demostrado que el impacto de la diabetes mellitus se expresa de manera diferenciada entre los grupos sociales. OBJETIVO: Estimar las brechas en la desigualdad en la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus a través de medidas absolutas y relativas según distribución geográfica y condiciones sociales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron las muertes registradas en México por diabetes mellitus entre 2010 y 2019 y se calcularon las mediciones de desigualdad a nivel estatal por sexo. RESULTADOS: La tasa de mortalidad nacional por diabetes mellitus ajustada por edad mostró un incremento durante el periodo estudiado. CONCLUSIÓN: Las desigualdades presentes en la mortalidad por diabetes deben considerarse para el diseño de estrategias de salud.

Increased body fat, physical inactivity, and hypertension are associated with poor quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a significant health problem that affects quality of life in the medium and long term. OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between quality of life with comorbidity, metabolic control, and lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed in 392 patients. Glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, weight, waist circumference and body composition were measured. Diabetic neuropathy, renal disease, visual health, diet and physical exercise were measured. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured with the 36-item Short Form survey (SF-36). RESULTS: The mean age was 54.6 years, 68 % were women, median years of diabetes diagnosis was 7 years. Eighty percent had a good HRQoL (SF-36 ≥ 50). The dimension with the highest score was physical function (81.0), and vitality the lowest (46.5). Body fat was associated with more impairments in the SF-36 dimensions (p < 0.05). Factors associated with worse HRQOL are physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.10-6.62; p = 0.009), arterial hypertension (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.05-3.02; p = 0.032) and being female (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.45-5.27; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Poor quality of life is associated with higher fat percentage, physical inactivity and hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes.

ANTECEDENTES: La diabetes es un importante problema de salud que afecta la calidad de vida a mediano y largo plazo. OBJETIVO: Identificar la asociación entre la calidad de vida y la comorbilidad, el control metabólico y el estilo de vida de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 392 pacientes. Se midieron la hemoglobina glucosilada, la glucosa de ayuno, el perfil de lípidos, la presión arterial, el peso, la circunferencia de la cintura y la composición corporal. Se evaluaron la neuropatía diabética, la enfermedad renal, la salud visual, la dieta y el ejercicio físico. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) se midió con la encuesta en su versión corta de 36 ítems (SF-36). RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 54.6 años, el 68% fueron mujeres y la mediana de años de diagnóstico de diabetes fue de 7 años. Un 80% tienen una buena CVRS (SF-36 ≥ 50). La dimensión con mayor puntaje fue función física (81.0), y la más baja fue vitalidad (46.5). La grasa corporal se asoció a más afectaciones en las dimensiones del SF-36 (p < 0.05). Los factores asociados a una peor CVRS son la inactividad física (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1.10-6.62; p = 0.009), la hipertensión arterial (OR: 1.78; IC95%: 1.05-3.02; p = 0.032) y ser mujer (OR: 2.7; IC95%: 1.45-5.27; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONES: Una pobre calidad de vida se asocia con mayor porcentaje de grasa, inactividad física e hipertensión en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2.

Desigualdades en la mortalidad por diabetes en México: 2010-2019 / Inequalities in diabetes mortality in Mexico: 2010-2019

Resumen Antecedentes: Se ha demostrado que el impacto de la diabetes mellitus se expresa de manera diferenciada entre los grupos sociales. Objetivo: Estimar las brechas en la desigualdad en la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus a través de medidas absolutas y relativas según distribución geográfica y condiciones sociales. Material y métodos: Se analizaron las muertes registradas en México por diabetes mellitus entre 2010 y 2019 y se calcularon las mediciones de desigualdad a nivel estatal por sexo. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad nacional por diabetes mellitus ajustada por edad mostró un incremento durante el periodo estudiado. Conclusión: Las desigualdades presentes en la mortalidad por diabetes deben considerarse para el diseño de estrategias de salud.

Abstract Background: The impact of diabetes mellitus has been shown to be differentially expressed between social groups. Objective: To estimate inequality gaps in diabetes mellitus mortality through absolute and relative measures according to geographic distribution and social conditions. Material and methods: Diabetes mellitus-related deaths recorded in Mexico between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed, and inequality measurements at the state level were calculated by gender. Results: National age-adjusted diabetes mellitus mortality rate showed an increase during the study period. Conclusion: The inequalities present in diabetes mortality should be considered for the design of health strategies.

[Inequalities in diabetes mortality in Mexico: 2010-2019]. / Desigualdades en la mortalidad por diabetes en México: 2010-2019.

Background: The impact of diabetes mellitus has been shown to be differentially expressed between social groups. Objective: To estimate inequality gaps in diabetes mellitus mortality through absolute and relative measures according to geographic distribution and social conditions. Material and methods: Diabetes mellitus-related deaths recorded in Mexico between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed, and inequality measurements at the state level were calculated by gender. Results: National age-adjusted diabetes mellitus mortality rate showed an increase during the study period. Conclusion: The inequalities present in diabetes mortality should be considered for the design of health strategies.

Antecedentes: Se ha demostrado que el impacto de la diabetes mellitus se expresa de manera diferenciada entre los grupos sociales. Objetivo: Estimar las brechas en la desigualdad en la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus a través de medidas absolutas y relativas según distribución geográfica y condiciones sociales. Material y métodos: Se analizaron las muertes registradas en México por diabetes mellitus entre 2010 y 2019 y se calcularon las mediciones de desigualdad a nivel estatal por sexo. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad nacional por diabetes mellitus ajustada por edad mostró un incremento durante el periodo estudiado. Conclusión: Las desigualdades presentes en la mortalidad por diabetes deben considerarse para el diseño de estrategias de salud.

Controlling doping efficiency in organic semiconductors by tuning short-range overscreening.

Conductivity doping has emerged as an indispensable method to overcome the inherently low conductivity of amorphous organic semiconductors, which presents a great challenge in organic electronics applications. While tuning ionization potential and electron affinity of dopant and matrix is a common approach to control the doping efficiency, many other effects also play an important role. Here, we show that the quadrupole moment of the dopant anion in conjunction with the mutual near-field host-dopant orientation have a crucial impact on the conductivity. In particular, a large positive quadrupole moment of a dopant leads to an overscreening in host-dopant integer charge transfer complexes. Exploitation of this effect may enhance the conductivity by several orders of magnitude. This finding paves the way to a computer-aided systematic and efficient design of highly conducting amorphous small molecule doped organic semiconductors.

Molecular-Engineered Biradicals Based on the YIII-Phthalocyanine Platform.

A mixed-ligand phthalocyanine/porphyrin yttrium(III) radical double-decker complex (DD) was synthesized using the custom-made 5,10,15-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-20-(4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl)porphyrin. The trimethylsilyl functionality was then used to couple two such complexes into biradicals through rigid tethers. Glaser coupling was used to synthesize a short-tethered biradical (C1) and Sonogashira coupling to synthesize longer-tethered ones (C2 and C3). Field-swept echo-detected (FSED), saturation recovery, and spin nutation-pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance experiments revealed marked similarities of the magnetic properties of DD with those of the parent [Y(pc)2]• complex, both in the solid state and in CD2Cl2/CDCl3 4:1 frozen glasses. FSED experiments on the biradicals C2 and C3 revealed a spectral broadening with respect to the spectra of DD and [Y(pc)2]• assigned to the effect of dipolar interactions in solution. Apart from the main resonance, satellite features were also observed, which were simulated with dipole-dipole pairs of shortest distances, suggesting spin delocalization on the organic tether. FSED experiments on C1 yielded spectral line shapes that could not be simulated as the integration of the off-resonance echoes was complicated by field-dependent modulations. While, for all dimers, the on-resonance spin nutation experiments yielded Rabi oscillations of the same frequencies, off-resonance nutations on C1 yielded Rabi oscillations that could be assigned to a MS = -1 to MS = 0 transition within a S = 1 multiplet. The DFT calculations showed that the trans conformation of the complexes was significantly more stable than the cis one and that it induced a marked spin delocalization over the rigid organic tether. This "spin leakage" was most pronounced for the shortest biradical C1.

Impact of social marginalization on oral health-related quality of life in older adults

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and social marginalization in people aged 60 years and older enrolled in social security in Mexico. A cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in older adults. To assess the OHRQoL, the OHIP-14 instrument was applied, and the degree of social marginalization and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, simple frequencies and proportions were estimated. Student's t-test was used for comparison of means, and prevalence ratio (PR) and logistic regression were used to assess associations, all with a significance value of 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Perceived OHRQoL in the population measured through the OHIP-14 reached an average value of 9.84 ± 8.91, with the highest value in the dimension of physical pain (2.06 ± 1.91). Perceived treatment need was higher among people with social marginality (p = 0.011). The multivariate analysis shows that marginalized people have a lower OHRQoL. Socially marginalized older adults showed a low a better perception of OHRQoL, independent of demographic and clinical factors.

Intracranial aneurysms in pediatric population treated with flow diverters: A single-center experience.

Background: Pediatric intracranial aneurysms (PIAs) are uncommon. Flow diverters (FDs) have shown to be effective on treatment of selected aneurysms. Methods: We describe 10 cases of PIAs treated with FDs at one medical center in Mexico, from April 2015 to April 2020. Results: Out of 230 patients treated with FDs, 10 (4.3%) were pediatric. Average age was 9.4 years old (R: 6-15). Two patients (20%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage, 3 had epilepsy (30%), 3 (30%) had clinical signs of cranial nerve compression, and 4 (40%) had only headache. Two patients were in 1a grade of Hunt and Kosnik scale. Out of the nonruptured aneurysms, 7 (70%) were in 15 points of Glasgow Coma Scale and 1 patient (10%) was in 13 points. Treatment was performed without complications; nevertheless, appropriate distal deployment was not achieved in one case. At discharge, nine patients had 5 points of Glasgow Outcome Scale. All patients underwent computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, 2 patients (20%) had a 2-year follow-up, and 3 patients (30%) had a 3-year follow-up. According to Kamran grading scale, 9 patients (90%) were classified as Grade 4 and 1 patient (10%) as Grade 3. Conclusion: Even though it is a small series, as this is an uncommon disease, we may suggest that FDs are useful to treat properly selected PIAs. Our study has consecutive imaging assessment at least a year of follow-up in which aneurysm stable occlusion was observed in 90% of patients.

Post-polypectomy syndrome-a rare complication in colonoscopy procedures: a case report.

Post-polypectomy syndrome (PPS) is a complication that may arise after some colonoscopy procedures that require electrocoagulation, due to a transmural burn, which irritates the serous membrane. Its clinical presentation is similar to the one of intestinal perforation, but it has a favorable prognosis, and does not require surgical treatment. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with a polyp in the ascending colon, who was admitted for an endoscopic resection. After the procedure, she complained of nausea, emesis and abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. She was transferred to the emergency department. An abdominal tomography showed cecal wall thickening without pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, the diagnosis of PPS was made and was managed with bowel rest, parenteral fluids and antibiotics, with full recovery. Despite of its low incidence, it is important to suspect this syndrome to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment and initiate medical management right away.