Cellular inflammatory response in the bovine uterus by Leptospira infection may be related to embryo death and subfertility.

Bovine leptospirosis is a chronic disease that causes various reproductive disorders and consequent economic losses worldwide, particularly embryo death. Although Leptospira spp. has already been detected in the genital tract of cows, little is known about the uterine cellular immune response or the intrinsic factors that could contribute to that reproductive failure. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the uterine cellular inflammatory response after the quantification of cytokine IL-6 in bovine uteri naturally infected with leptospires compared to uninfected. Our results demonstrated that uterine tissues infected with leptospires have higher levels of IL-6 compared to uninfected tissues (p < 0.001). It suggests that the presence of leptospires in the bovine uterus can induce a cellular inflammatory response, which may be related to embryo death and consequent subfertility.

The role of Leptospira santarosai serovar Guaricura as agent of Bovine Genital Leptospirosis.

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL) is an important reproductive disease. The main agents are Sejroe strains, particularly the Hardjo genotypes from Leptospira interrogans and L. borgpetersenii. Although other Sejroe strain, L. santarosai genotype Guaricura, has been frequently isolated from asymptomatic and slaughtered cattle, even from vaginal fluid samples, the role of this strain as real agent of BGL remains uncertain. This study aimed to reinforce L. santarosai strain Guaricura as an important BGL agent, through genetic characterization of a uterine isolate from a live subfertile cow. Urine, cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) and uterine fragment (UF) were collected. In a set up field laboratory, urine, CVM and UF were immediately seeded in T80/40LH medium with antimicrobial cocktail STAFF. Cultures were subcultured in T80/40LH without cocktails, stored at 29ºC and weekly examined. DNA from urine, CVM and UF samples were submitted to PCR targeting lipL32 and secY genes. One leptospiral isolate was recovered from uterine sample; it was serogrouped as Sejroe (titre 25,600) and secY sequencing revealed high genetic similarity with L. santarosai strains from Guaricura serovar. The isolation of this strain from uterus of a live subfertile cow represents substantial evidence that L. santarosai strain Guaricura indeed plays an important role as a BGL agent.

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis and reproductive disorders of live subfertile cows under field conditions.

Bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) is characterized by silent chronic reproductive disorders, most related to early embryonic death leading to estrus repetition, subfertility and abortions. However, most studies were conducted in slaughterhouses, which lacks reproductive and sanitary history of the studied animals. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leptospira sp. infection in live cows with history of low reproductive efficiency. Blood, urine, cervico-vaginal mucus and uterine fragment were collected from nine cows of the same herd presenting reproductive failure (abortions, estrus repetition and chronic infertility). Serology (MAT) and molecular analysis (PCR and nucleotide sequencing) were performed. Serology showed three (33.3%) seroreactive cows, two to Sejroe and one to Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups. Six cows (66.7%) presented leptospiral DNA on genital samples, while all urine samples were negative. L. interrogans was identified in five samples, very closely related to strains from Sejroe (n = 3) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 2) serogroups, while L. noguchii was identified in one sample. Results from this preliminary study demonstrates the presence of leptospires on uterus and reinforces the negative impact of leptospiral infection on reproductive tract, highlighting its association with reproductive failures on live animals.

Consumo de medicamentos por idosos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Rondonópolis/MT / Medications consumption by the elderly at a Basic Health Unit of Rondonópolis/MT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o consumo de medicamentos por idosos usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde Dom Bosco do município de Rondonópolis/MT. Trata-se de uma pesquisa prospectiva e transversal. Participaram do estudo 238 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com 60 anos ou mais, cadastrados na UBS. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista com questões abertas e fechadas referentes a características sociais, condições de saúde, uso de serviços de saúde e consumo de medicamentos. Os dados foram coletados no domicilio dos idosos no período de abril a julho de 2010. As principais doenças apresentadas foram as do aparelho circulatório (44,88%, n=114). Quanto ao uso de medicamentos, 79,41% (n=189) utilizavam pelo menos um medicamento e a frequência de polifarmácia foi de 15,97% (n=38). Dos idosos entrevistados, 65,55% (n=156) relataram a pratica de automedicação. Os fármacos mais consumidos foram os que atuam no aparelho cardiovascular (55,42%). O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico do idoso e fundamental para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, visando contribuir no processo educativo dos usuários acerca do conhecimento da sua terapia medicamentosa.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of medications by elderly users of Dom Bosco Health Basic Unit (HBU), in the city of Rondonopolis/MT. This is a prospective and transversal research. The study included 238 subjects of both sexes aged 60 years or older, registered in the HBU. Information was gathered by means of interviews by applying a questionnaire with open and closed questions concerning social characteristics, health status, use of health services and medication use. Data was collected at the elderly users’ home, from April to July 2010. The main diseases presented were the ones related to the circulatory system (44,88%, n=114). Regarding the use of drugs, 79.41% (n=189) used at least one type of medication and the polypharmacy frequency was 15.97% (n=38). Among the elderly respondents, 65.55% (n=156) reported the practice of self-medication. The most commonly used drugs are those which have agency in the cardiovascular system (55.42%). The elderly pharmacotherapy follow-up is essential for the promotion of rational use of drugs, aiming to contribute to the education process of users about the knowledge of their own drug therapy.

Consumo de medicamentos por idosos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Rondonópolis/MT / Medications consumption by the elderly at a Basic Health Unit of Rondonópolis/MT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o consumo de medicamentos por idosos usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde Dom Bosco do município de Rondonópolis/MT. Trata-se de uma pesquisa prospectiva e transversal. Participaram do estudo 238 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com 60 anos ou mais, cadastrados na UBS. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista com questões abertas e fechadas referentes a características sociais, condições de saúde, uso de serviços de saúde e consumo de medicamentos. Os dados foram coletados no domicilio dos idosos no período de abril a julho de 2010. As principais doenças apresentadas foram as do aparelho circulatório (44,88%, n=114). Quanto ao uso de medicamentos, 79,41% (n=189) utilizavam pelo menos um medicamento e a frequência de polifarmácia foi de 15,97% (n=38). Dos idosos entrevistados, 65,55% (n=156) relataram a pratica de automedicação. Os fármacos mais consumidos foram os que atuam no aparelho cardiovascular (55,42%). O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico do idoso e fundamental para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, visando contribuir no processo educativo dos usuários acerca do conhecimento da sua terapia medicamentosa.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the use of medications by elderly users of Dom Bosco Health Basic Unit (HBU), in the city of Rondonopolis/MT. This is a prospective and transversal research. The study included 238 subjects of both sexes aged 60 years or older, registered in the HBU. Information was gathered by means of interviews by applying a questionnaire with open and closed questions concerning social characteristics, health status, use of health services and medication use. Data was collected at the elderly users’ home, from April to July 2010. The main diseases presented were the ones related to the circulatory system (44,88%, n=114). Regarding the use of drugs, 79.41% (n=189) used at least one type of medication and the polypharmacy frequency was 15.97% (n=38). Among the elderly respondents, 65.55% (n=156) reported the practice of self-medication. The most commonly used drugs are those which have agency in the cardiovascular system (55.42%). The elderly pharmacotherapy follow-up is essential for the promotion of rational use of drugs, aiming to contribute to the education process of users about the knowledge of their own drug therapy.(AU)