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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(5-6): 289-294, 2022 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35657185

RESUMO

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Classification of asthma in different phenotypes has therapeutic implications and may lead to personalized medicine. Induced sputum is the gold standard for asthma phenotyping but is complex, time-consuming and not widely available. The combination of different biomarkers such as exhaled nitric oxide, blood eosinophils and total serum IgE levels allows the prediction of inflammatory phenotype in 58% of asthmatic patients when sputum is not available. We recently demonstrated the interest of measuring volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath to phenotype asthma. These compounds could play an important role in the future to predict the response to expensive biologicals available in severe asthma to reduce exacerbations and the use of systemic corticosteroids.


: L'asthme est une pathologie inflammatoire chronique des voies respiratoires. Classer l'asthme en différents phénotypes inflammatoires a des implications thérapeutiques importantes et peut conduire à un traitement personnalisé. Le gold standard pour l'établissement du phénotype inflammatoire est l'analyse de l'expectoration induite qui est une technique complexe, difficilement accessible en routine. La combinaison de plusieurs biomarqueurs d'intérêt tels le monoxyde d'azote dans l'air exhalé, l'éosinophilie systémique et le taux d'IgE sérique permet de prédire correctement le phénotype inflammatoire dans 58% des cas. Récemment, nous avons également mis en évidence l'intérêt de la détection de molécules dans l'haleine. Ces composés organiques volatiles pourraient représenter des biomarqueurs futurs de la réponse au traitement, spécialement dans l'asthme sévère, pour lequel des traitements ciblés coûteux sont actuellement disponibles en vue de réduire les exacerbations et le recours aux corticostéroïdes oraux.


Assuntos
Asma , Medicina de Precisão , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores , Eosinófilos , Humanos , Fenótipo , Escarro
2.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 179: 113994, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32335139

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Asthma in obese subjects is poorly understood. According to GINA guidelines, pulmonologists increase ICS in case of poor asthma control but lung volume restriction may also worsen respiratory symptoms in obese asthmatics leading to overtreatment in this subpopulation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 1217 asthmatics recruited from University Hospital of Liege. 92 patients with a BMI ≥30 came at least two times at the asthma clinic (mean interval: 335 days). In this obese population, we identified predictors of good (decrease in ACQ ≥0.5) versus poor response (rise in ACQ ≥0.5) to ICS step-up therapy. RESULTS: Obese asthmatics had a poorer asthma control and quality of life as compared to non-obese and exhibited reduced FVC, higher levels of blood leucocytes and markers of systemic inflammation. The proportion of asthma inflammatory phenotypes was similar to that observed in a general population of asthmatics. Among uncontrolled obese asthmatics receiving ICS step-up therapy, 53% improved their asthma control while 31% had a worsening of their asthma. Uncontrolled obese asthmatics showing a good response to increase in ICS had higher ACQ, lower CRP levels, higher sputum eosinophil counts and higher FeNO levels at visit 1. Uncontrolled obese asthmatics that worsened after increasing the dose of ICS had lower FVC, lower sputum eosinophil counts and higher sputum neutrophil counts. CONCLUSION: We observed poorer asthma control in obese asthmatics despite similar bronchial inflammation. Managing obese asthmatics according to ACQ alone seems to underestimate asthma control and the contribution of restriction to dyspnea. Increasing the dose of ICS in the absence of sputum eosinophilic inflammation or in the presence of restriction or bronchial neutrophilia led to poorer asthma control. In those patients, management of obesity should be the first choice.


Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/complicações , Administração por Inalação , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/etiologia , Eosinófilos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Escarro/citologia , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(7-8): 414-419, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31373457

RESUMO

We report the clinical history of a paperless migrant living in Belgium who contracted Weil's disease. This historical term refers to the severe form of leptospirosis, an ever more frequent tropical disease in Europe due to the growing globalization background. However, leptospirosis remains underdiagnosed. Actually, common clinical forms are neglected in outpatient medicine and the performance of available diagnostic tests is limited, especially when they are performed in severe, potentially life-threatening forms. In these cases of sepsis or even septic shock, the antibiotic treatment is most often empirical although fortunately adapted thanks to the large sensitivity of the spirochete.


Nous rapportons l'histoire clinique d'un sans-papier séjournant en Belgique atteint de maladie de Weil. Ce terme historique désigne la forme sévère de la leptospirose, une maladie tropicale dont l'incidence augmente en Europe, sur fond de mondialisation en essor. La leptospirose reste toutefois sous-diagnostiquée. En effet, les formes cliniques courantes sont négligées en médecine ambulatoire et la performance des tests diagnostiques disponibles est limitée, lorsqu'ils sont demandés face aux formes sévères, potentiellement mortelles. Dans ces cas de sepsis, voire de choc septique, le traitement antibiotique est donc le plus souvent empirique, tout en demeurant, heureusement, adapté de par la multisensibilité du spirochète.


Assuntos
Leptospirose , Migrantes , Doença de Weil , Bélgica , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Doença de Weil/diagnóstico
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(3): 119-124, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29595010

RESUMO

Nowadays, more and more obese asthmatics visit a pulmonologist. It is proven that overweight stirs up the severity of the bronchopathy. It is a concept that is now anchored in the minds of most modern practitioners. Nevertheless, the idea that in some patients, excess weight can be an independent cause of the persistence of respiratory complaints, is sometimes neglected. This case report is about a severely obese poorly controlled asthmatic man, who turns out to be suffering from a concomitant obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. His clinical history confirms the necessity of quickly detecting this restrictive syndrome within an obstructive background, before its evolution towards a severe acute respiratory failure, where therapeutic approximations can have dramatic repercussions on the patient's health.


A notre époque, de plus en plus de patients asthmatiques obèses se présentent en consultation de pneumologie. Il est prouvé que le surpoids attise la sévérité de la bronchopathie. C'est un concept qui est désormais ancré dans l'esprit de la plupart des praticiens modernes. Néanmoins, l'idée que, chez certains patients, l'excès pondéral puisse constituer une cause indépendante de la persistance des plaintes respiratoires, reste parfois négligée. Ce cas clinique concerne un homme sévèrement obèse dont l'asthme est mal contrôlé, qui, in fine, se révèle être porteur d'un syndrome obésité-hypoventilation concomitant. Le récit de son histoire clinique confirme l'intérêt de déceler rapidement ce syndrome restrictif au sein du tableau obstructif connu, avant qu'il n'évolue vers une insuffisance respiratoire aiguë sévère, où des approximations thérapeutiques peuvent avoir des répercussions gravissimes.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Hipoventilação por Obesidade/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/etiologia , Idoso , Asma/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino
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