RESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). Conclusion the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.
RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a prevalência de maloclusões e seus fatores associados em crianças atendidas em um Serviço de APS de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Método estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte, realizado em 12 Unidades de Saúde. Das 414 crianças da coorte examinadas, 268 foram examinadas para maloclusão. A presença de mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior e anterior foi avaliada pelos critérios de Foster e Hamilton. Variáveis socioeconômicas, hábitos de amamentação e informações sobre o uso de chupeta foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados do total de 268 avaliados, 135 (50,4%) eram meninos e a média de idade foi de 28,6 (± 11,9) meses. Dos 143 (53,4%) casos de maloclusão, 113 eram mordida aberta anterior, 16 eram mordida cruzada anterior, 27 eram mordida cruzada posterior e 38 tinham overjet acentuado. Na análise final, observou-se que houve maior prevalência de maloclusões em crianças que nunca foram amamentadas (RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,00-2,08) e que sempre usaram chupeta para dormir (RP = 1,81; IC95% 1,14 -2,86). Conclusão a prevalência de maloclusões nesta população foi elevada e esteve associada a hábitos comportamentais, como o uso de chupeta e a não amamentação.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. RESULTS: out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). CONCLUSION: the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.
