[Morphometry characteristic of the gut mucous membranes condition in growing rats with different selenium provision].

The purpose of the given work was to research an influence of polysynthetic diet with various levels of selenium on a condition of distal small intestine mucous membranes in rats. Mucous membranes of distal small intestine were studied by common morphological and morphometrical methods. The histological estimation of influence of quantity of consumed selenium has shown that adverse changes in a mucous membrane of intestines of the rats receiving low selenium diet are most expressed, and least--at the animals receiving a diet as much as possible enriched organic form of selenium.

[Influence of zinc complex with enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels meat on absorption in of gastroenteric tract potential allergenic food proteins].

There was investigated the influence of zinc complex with enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels' meat added into zinc-deficient diet on a body mass rats, contents in blood alimentary antigen and activity alkalis phosphatase The results obtained showed a good advance of mussels' meat enzymatic hydrolyzate complex with zinc use in food supplements and dietary (clinical and preventive) products as a new food source of bioavailable zinc. issels' ntents and wfood

[Estimation of organic and inorganic selenium bioavailability in experiments with growing rats].

There was conducted a comparative study of organic and inorganic selenium forms bioavailability and of an influence of said trace elements safety on growth parameters and glutathione peroxidase activity in male wister rats. The results obtained confirmed an advance of organic selenium use (as an enzymatic yeast hydrolysate) on comparison to it's inorganic form (sodium selenite).

What are subcutaneous adipocytes really good for?

Our acute awareness of the cosmetic, psychosocial and sexual importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue contrasts dramatically with how poorly we have understood the biology of this massive, enigmatic, often ignored and much-abused skin compartment. Therefore, it is timely to recall the exciting, steadily growing, yet underappreciated body of evidence that subcutaneous adipocytes are so much more than just 'fat guys', hanging around passively to conspire, at most, against your desperate attempts to maintain ideal weight. Although the subcutis, quantitatively, tends to represent the dominant architectural component of human skin, conventional wisdom confines its biological key functions to those of energy storage, physical buffer, thermoregulation and thermoinsulation. However, already the distribution of human superficial adipose tissue, by itself, questions how justified the popular belief is that 'skin fat' (which actually may be more diverse than often assumed) serves primarily thermoinsulatory purposes. And although the metabolic complications of obesity are well appreciated, our understanding of how exactly subcutaneous adipocytes contribute to extracutaneous disease - and even influence important immune and brain functions! - is far from complete. The increasing insights recently won into subcutaneous adipose tissue as a cytokine depot that regulates innate immunity and cell growth exemplarily serve to illustrate the vast open research expanses that remain to be fully explored in the subcutis. The following public debate carries you from the evolutionary origins and the key functional purposes of adipose tissue, via adipose-derived stem cells and adipokines straight to the neuroendocrine, immunomodulatory and central nervous effects of signals that originate in the subcutis - perhaps, the most underestimated tissue of the human body. The editors are confident that, at the end, you shall agree: No basic scientist and no doctor with a serious interest in skin, and hardly anyone else in the life sciences, can afford to ignore the subcutaneous adipocyte - beyond its ample impact on beauty, benessence and body mass.

Description of the male and first-stage juvenile of Longidorus intermedius Kozlowska & Seinhorst, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), and notes on its morphology and distribution.

Longidorus intermedius Kozlowska & Seinhorst, 1979 is redescribed from specimens recovered from oak (Quercus L.) forests in Bulgaria. The male and the first-stage juvenile were recorded for the first time, as were populations from Macedonia and Turkey. L. intermedius is identified here as the first species in the genus with only three juvenile stages and a pan-European distribution. The species was recovered from 36 of 46 oak forests in Bulgaria, found associated with each of nine oak species sampled and reached population densities of up to 289 specimens per 200 cm(3) of soil. The distribution of L. intermedius in Bulgaria, and in other countries, suggests that this species, like Xenocriconemella macrodora (Taylor, 1936) and probably L. aetnaeus Lamberti, Agostinelli & Vinciguerra, 1986, can be used as an ecological indicator for habitats where Quercus associations represent a primary vegetation type.

Longidorus cretensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from a vineyard infected with a foliar 'yellow mosaic' on Crete, Greece.

A description is provided of Longidorus cretensis n. sp., a bisexual species associated with grapevines in Crete, Greece. The species is characterised by a body length of 6.3-8.7 mm, head flattened anteriorly and continuous with the body profile, amphids pocket-shaped and not bilobed, a posteriorly situated guide-ring, posteriorly situated oesophageal glands, and a tail bluntly rounded to hemispherical. Xiphinema index was present throughout the vineyard, but L. cretensis n. sp. occurred only in an area where the grapevine foliage exhibited a 'yellow mosaic' disease, and in association with X. pachtaicum from the rhizosphere of an olive tree growing adjacent to the vineyard. Nematode-transmitted virus was not recovered from weed species growing in the vicinity of the olive tree, or by bait-testing soil collected from the rhizosphere of the tree. Population densities of L. cretensis n. sp. were similar under olive and grapevine, but twice as many adult specimens were recovered from soil samples collected in the vineyard. Three quarters of L. cretensis specimens were present at 21-40 cm depth under olive, whereas a similar proportion of the population was equally distributed under grapevine at 21-40 cm and 41-60 cm depths.

Longidorus camelliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) associated with ornamental cultivars of Camellia japonica L. growing in a nursery at Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, eastern China.

A description is provided of Longidorus camelliae n. sp., a bisexual species associated with ornamental cultivars of Camellia japonica L. growing in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, eastern China. The species is characterised by its small body length (1.83-3.54 mm), narrow (6-10 microm), anteriorly flattened, continuous head region, non-bilobed amphidial pouches, medium odontostyle length (80-91, microm) and elongate, conoid tail (32-39 microm; c' = 1.1-1.4). Males are characterised by having short spicules (44-48 microm) and a row of seven supplements. The species has only three juvenile development stages.

Criconematidae (Nematoda) from oak forests in two nature reserves in Russia.

Seven criconematid species: Ogma menzeli, Criconema annuliferum, C. princeps, Criconemoides pleriannulatus, Mesocriconema solivagum, M. xenoplax and Xenocriconemella macrodora were recovered from soil samples collected from oak forests in the Shulgan-Tash and Voronezh nature reserves in Russia. Examination of C. pleriannulatus by SEM confirmed the absence of submedian lobes and revealed the presence of a small lip annule; juveniles exhibit fringe-like cuticular ornamentation of the annules. Ogma menzeli and C. pleriannulatus are new geographical records for Russia, and all species have already been reported in association with different oak species with the exception of M. solivagum and C. pleriannulatus. Criconemoides mutabilis Eroshenko, 1980 is proposed as ajunior synonym of C. pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979.

Nitrous oxide with fentanyl and droperidol minimizes lipid peroxidation in the liver.

We have studied the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats exposed to nitrous oxide plus oxygen or injected with droperidol of fentanyl. The effect of nitrous oxide used in combination with droperidol and fentanyl was also investigated. All the tested anaesthetics caused lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. It seems likely, however, that the mechanism by which droperidol and fentanyl initiate lipid peroxidation differs from that which nitrous oxide uses. Free radical products and/or activated oxygen species are produced during fentanyl and droperidol metabolism in the liver. However, nitrous oxide is not metabolized in the liver and probably undergoes one electron reduction outside the liver thus producing free radical products and/or activated oxygen species which are able to diffuse and initiate lipid peroxidation in the liver. It was also found that the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats injected with droperidol and fentanyl and then exposed to nitrous oxide was low and close to that of the control animals. We suggest that, when used in combination, the products generated outside the liver as a result of nitrous oxide metabolism are transported to the liver and take part in reactions with the products of the metabolism of droperidol and fentanyl, thus decreasing the concentration of the species able to initiate lipid peroxidation.

Polyamines as modulators of lipoperoxidation.

The polyamines spermine and spermidine and the diamine putrescine inhibit lipid peroxidation in phospholipid liposome suspensions and rat liver homogenates. Using the chemiluminescence technique the antioxidant activity of polyamines was found to be due to reactions with the free radical intermediates of lipid peroxidation and/or superoxide radicals. Also, the antioxidant action of polyamines correlated with the amount of their amino groups: the antioxidant activity increases from putrescine to spermine.

[Lipid peroxidation in emotional stress in rats: correlation with parameters of open field behavior]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pri émotsional'nom stresse u krys: korreliatsiia s parametrami svododnogo povedeniia.

TBA-reactive products were measured in the brain, liver, and heart of Wistar rats in control conditions and after 24 h immobilization. Animals were subjected to the open field test before and after the immobilization. Behavior patterns, gastric mucosa alterations and MDA accumulation in organs suggested that immobilization as well as food and water deprivation were all strong stressor stimuli. Initial open field behavior characteristics were significantly correlated with MDA contents in various tissues under emotional stress.

[The effect of isoprenaline on the aggregation and adhesive properties of circulating rat neutrophils]. / Vliianie izoprenalina na agregatsionnye i adgezivnye svoistva tsirkuliruiushchikh neitrofilov krys.t

It is well known that isoprenaline (1-3-4-dihydroxy-phenyl-isopropyl-aminoethanol) (IP) induce necrosis in myocardium of laboratory animals, which is similar to pathomorphological development of clinical myocardial infarction. This process is accompanied by peripheral blood leukocytes. The IP-inductor effects on arachidonate-dependent aggregation and endothelial adhesion of peripheral blood neutrophils (PN) were studied in this paper. The enhancement of PN aggregational properties within 2-4 hours after intravenous IP-injection to rats was demonstrated. Using the method of vital microscopy it was shown that intravenous IP-injection to rats or IP-application on rat mesentery lead to an increase of leukocyte's marginal pool on the endothelium of mesenteric venules. However, it was noted that the change of cell functional properties is not due to the direct influence of IP on PN. The pathogenetic mechanisms of IP-induced cardiomyopathy in rats were discussed.

Dynamics of lipid peroxidation in isoprenaline-induced myocardiopathy.

The dynamics of lipid peroxidation in isoprenaline-induced myocardiopathy was studied in rats. Spontaneous and Fe(II)- catalyzed generation of malondialdehyde (MDA)-like products and chemiluminescence in the heart, liver and brain homogenates were measured. The increase in the interval between treatment of rats with isoprenaline and their killing up to 48 hours led to an increase in MDA content in the heart. Both spontaneous and Fe(II)-induced chemiluminescence also reached their maxima after 48 hours. These data show that well expressed lipid peroxidation in the rat heart occurs approximately 48 hours after isoprenaline application. Isoprenaline metabolization in the liver leads to generation of activated oxygen species which are able to induce lipid peroxidation in the presence of Fe(II). The treatment of rats with isoprenaline caused well-expressed lipid peroxidation in the brain. The maximum of this process occurred approximately 36 hours after isoprenaline application. The results show that both spontaneous and Fe(II)-induced chemiluminescence might be used for the estimation of lipid peroxidation in rat heart homogenates.

[Functional activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in isoprenaline-induced cardiomyopathy in rats]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' polimorfnoiadernykh leikotsitov krovi pri izoprenalinovoi kardiomiopatii krys.

The article studies the dynamics of changes of the parameters of the functional activity using chemiluminescent and turbidimetric methods as well as blood plasma myocardium and liver homogenates in isoprenaline cardiomyopathy in rats. Mechanisms of pathogenesis of isoprenaline-induced cardiomyopathy in rats is being discussed.

[Atomic absorption determination of heavy metals in the milk and meat from several regions of Bulgaria]. / Atomno-absorbtsionno opredeliane na tezhki metali v mliako i meso ot niakoi raioni na stranata.

By AAS after wet digestion of the samples the results were 20% higher (for milk) and 41% higher (for meat) in comparison with dry coshing. Cow and ewe milk and pork, beef, and mutton were sampled in six regions of the country and were studied with regard to residual amounts of four trace elements. Highest appeared to be the content of zinc, and lowest--the content of cadmium. The results were compared with data of workers abroad. On the basis of results of personal investigations and studies of authors abroad a temporary standard norm for the content of cadmium was fixed at 0.15 mg/kg, and for that of lead--at 0.40 mg/kg. A system of technologic and sanitary-and-technical measures are suggested (higher chimneys, catching installations, filters) for the regions of Plovdiv and Kurjali with a view to lowering the concentration of toxic elements and avoiding the pollution of the environment.

[Pesticide residues in honey]. / Ostatuchni kolichestva pestitsidi v pchelen med.

Investigated were a total of 40 samples of flower honey from seven regions of the country (the districts of Mihailovgrad, Gorna Oryahovitsa, Turgovishte, Plovdiv, Pazarjik, Sliven, and Byala Slatina). In 20 per cent of the samples there were traces of the phosphororganic pesticides trichlorfon and DDVF, and in 32 per cent - traces of chlororganic insecticides - HChCH and DDE. The studies made use of the agar diffusion, thin layer chromatography, and gas chromatography methods. It was established that honey was a product that was negligibly contaminated with pesticides. The residual amounts found were minimal (0.0002 to 0.00060 ppm) and were within the range of the admissible Bulgarian and international standards concerning the respective pesticides in food products. These amounts were found to correspond to the values established by other authors.

[Comparative studies of methods for determining organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls]. / Sravnitelni izsledvaniia na netodite za opredeliane na khlororganichni insektitsidi i polikhlorirani bifenili.

The polychlorinated biphenyls are chemical compounds that are similar in their structure and properties to the chlororganic insecticides of the DDT group. The working out of a method for their analysis is important for the veterinary and sanitary inspection of food products of animal origin. Tested were as many as six column-chromatographic methods for the separation of standard solutions of polychlorinated biphenyls (Chlophen A 50 and Chlophen A30) and some chlororganic insecticides. A modified method, based on the method of Snyder et al. was suggested for the separation of these compounds. Much less time was used with it for analysis, and a better reproduction was achieved of the eluted compounds.