Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity with laser: systematic review / Tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com laser: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dentin hypersensitivity is an exacerbated response to a stimulus, causing acute and short-term pain. Over the years, several treatments for dentin hypersensitivity have emerged, including laser therapy. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a review about the available devices and the existing procedures of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. CONTENTS: A systematic review of studies published from 2016 to 2020 was carried out through bibliographic search in the electronic databases Pubmed and the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - (Virtual Health Library), using the following descriptors: "Laser" And "Dentin Hypersensitivity". Of the total of 51 articles found in the search, 14 were eligible for a review. There was an evaluation of the possible risks of bias for each of the articles included. CONCLUSION: As a result, a variety of devices available on the market and different protocols that prove to be effective for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity when compared to the initial pain situation (baseline) were found. When laser treatment is compared with other existing therapies, it's not so clear which would be the most effective, due to the wide variety of study methodologies. However, an association of therapies that act in the two mechanisms of pain interception (neural and blocker) seems to be an appropriate conduct in the control of dentin hypersensitivity, and this combination can happen through physical methods (High and low intensity laser) and chemical (neural and blocker agents).

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipersensibilidade dentinária é uma resposta exacerbada a um estímulo, causando dor aguda e de curta duração. Ao longo dos anos, diversos tratamentos para a hipersensibilidade dentinária têm surgido, incluindo a laserterapia. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão acerca dos aparelhos disponíveis e dos protocolos do tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com laser. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados de 2016 a 2020, por meio da busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicos Pubmed e da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "Laser" e "Dentin Hypersensitivity". Do total de 51 artigos encontrados na busca, 14 foram elegíveis para a revisão. Foram analisados os possíveis riscos de viés para cada um dos artigos incluídos. CONCLUSÃO: Diante da variedade de protocolos existentes quanto ao uso do laser, tanto alta (LAP) quanto de baixa potência (LBP), nadiminuição do desconforto causado pela HD, pode-se concluir de maneira geral que o emprego do laser tem se mostrado efetivo na grande maioria dos protocolos utilizados nos estudos, porém, ainda não é claro qual seria a estratégia mais efetiva a longo prazo. A associação de intervenções que atuem nos dois mecanismos de interceptação da dor (neural e obliterador) parece ser uma conduta apropriada no controle da HD, podendo essa combinação acontecer por meio de métodos físicos (laser de alta e baixa intensidade) e químicos (agentes neurais e obliteradores). A terapia mais adequada para HD depende de criteriosa anamnese e exame físico, enquanto o sucesso do tratamento dependerá da remoção dos fatores causais e de um plano de tratamento feito individualmente para cada paciente.

In vitro antifungal activity of Myrcia ovata essential oils and their major compounds against pathogens of citrus, sweet potato, and coconut / Atividade antifungica in vitro de óleos essenciais de myrcia ovata e seus compostos majoritários sobre patógenos de citros, batata-doce e coqueiro

Myrcia ovata, an endemic species to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, presents antifungal properties. The phytopathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Plenodomus destruens,and Thielaviopsis paradoxa are responsible for the diseases citrus postbloom fruit drop, sweet potato foot rot, and coconut stem bleeding, respectively. The antifungal activity of the essential oils of five M. ovata chemotypes (MYRO-159, nerolic acid chemotype; MYRO-180, nerolic acid + linalool chemotype; MYRO-388, geraniol chemotype; MYRO-157, citral + (E)-nerolidol chemotype; and MYRO-174, isopulegol + linalool chemotype), four major compounds (nerolic acid, nerolic acid + linalool, geraniol, and citral + (E)-nerolidol), and threepure compounds (citral, (E)-nerolidol, and linalool) against the fungi C. acutatum, P. destruens,and T. paradoxawere evaluated. For this, in vitro tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, testing concentrations (v/v) ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 µL.mL-1. All treatments presented toxicity at different levels to the three fungi. For C. acutatum,the essential oil from the individual MYRO-180 (nerolic acid + linalool chemotype) and its major compound showed the lowest Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 0.03 and 0.1 µL.mL-1, respectively. For P. destruens, the essential oil from the individual MYRO-159 (nerolic acid chemotype) presented the lowest MIC of 0.05 µL.mL-1. The nerolic acid + linalool chemotype and its major compound presented an MFC of 0.07 µL.mL-1. For T. paradoxa, the major compound citral + (E)-nerolidol stood out with the lowest MIC and MFC of 0.03 and 0.2 µL.mL-1, respectively. Linalool presented the lowest toxicity to the three tested fungi.

Myrcia ovata, uma espécie nativa de fitofisionomia de Restinga, possui atividade antifúngica. Os fitopatógenos Colletotrichum acutatum, Plenodomus destruens e Thielaviopsis paradoxa são responsáveis pelas doenças podridão floral de citros, mal-do-pé da batata doce e resinose do coqueiro, respectivamente. A atividade antifúngica de cinco quimiotipos de M. ovata (MYRO-159, quimiotipo ácido nerólico; MYRO-180, ácido nerólico + linalol; MYRO-388, quimiotipo geraniol; MYRO-157, quimiotipo citral + (E)-nerolidol; e, MYRO-174, quimiotipo isopulegol + linalol), quatro compostos majoritários (ácido nerólico, ácido nerólico + linalol, geraniol e citral + (E)-nerolidol) e três compostos isolados (citral, (E)-nerolidol e linalol) foram avaliados sobre os fungos C. acutatum, P. destruens e T. paradoxa. Testes in vitro foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e concentrações (v/v), que variaram de 0,01 a 1,0 µL.mL-1. Todos os tratamentos testados apresentaram atividade antifúngica. Para o fungo C. acutatum, o óleo essencial do indivíduo MYRO-180, de quimiotipo ácido nerólico + linalol, e seu composto majoritário apresentaram menores Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) e Concentração Mínima Fungicida (CMF) de 0,03 e 0,1 µL.mL-1, respectivamente. Para o fungo P. destruens, o óleo essencial do indivíduo MYRO-159, de quimiotipo ácido nerólico, apresentou menor CMI de 0,05 µL.mL-1, e o quimiotipo ácido nerólico + linalol e seu composto majoritário apresentaram a menor CMF de 0,07 µL.mL-1. Para o fungo T. paradoxa,a combinação de citral + (E)-nerolidol destacou-se com CMI e CMF de 0,03 e 0,2 µL.mL-1, respectivamente. Linalol foi o menos tóxico sobre os três fungos testados.

The Perme scale score as a predictor of functional status and complications after discharge from the intensive care unit in patients undergoing liver transplantation. / Escala Perme como preditor de funcionalidade e complicações após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the Perme mobility scale score as a predictor of functional status and complications in the postoperative period in patients undergoing liver transplantation. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 patients who underwent liver transplantation. The patients were evaluated at two time points to determine their perception of pain, degree of dyspnea, peripheral muscle strength, and functional status according to the Perme scale. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. To compare the means between the evaluations, Student's t test for paired samples was applied. In case of asymmetry, the Wilcoxon test was used. In the evaluation of the association between the quantitative variables, the Pearson or Spearman correlation tests were applied. RESULTS: A total of 30 individuals who underwent liver transplantation were included. The patients were predominantly male, and the mean age was 58.4 ± 9.9 years. The most prevalent underlying pathology was cirrhosis C virus (23.3%). Significant associations of the time on mechanical ventilation with the Perme scale score at discharge from the intensive care unit (r = -0.374; p = 0.042) and the number of physical therapy treatments (r = -0.578; p = 0.001) were recorded. When comparing the results of the initial evaluation and the evaluation at hospital discharge, there was a significant improvement in functional status (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Functional mobility, peripheral muscle strength, pain perception, and dyspnea are significantly improved at hospital discharge compared with those at inpatient unit admission.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a pontuação da escala Perme de mobilidade como preditor de funcionalidade e complicações no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes que realizaram transplante hepático. Os pacientes foram avaliados em dois momentos, a fim de verificar a percepção da dor, o grau de dispneia, a força muscular periférica e a funcionalidade do paciente de acordo com a escala Perme. Os dados coletados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Para comparar médias entre as avaliações, foi aplicado o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas. Em caso de assimetria, o teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado. Na avaliação da associação entre as variáveis quantitativas, os testes de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman foram aplicados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 30 indivíduos que realizaram transplante hepático. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino, e a média de idade foi 58,4 ± 9,9 anos. A patologia de base mais prevalente foi a cirrose por vírus C (23,3%). Foram registradas associações significativas entre o tempo de ventilação mecânica e a escala Perme na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (r = -0,374; p = 0,042) e entre o número de atendimentos fisioterapêuticos (r = -0,578; p = 0,001). Quando comparados os resultados da avaliação inicial e na alta hospitalar, houve significativa melhora da funcionalidade (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Mobilidade funcional, força muscular periférica, percepção da dor e dispneia melhoram significativamente no momento da alta hospitalar em relação à admissão na unidade de internação.

Escala Perme como preditor de funcionalidade e complicações após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático / The Perme scale score as a predictor of functional status and complications after discharge from the intensive care unit in patients undergoing liver transplantation

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a pontuação da escala Perme de mobilidade como preditor de funcionalidade e complicações no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes que realizaram transplante hepático. Os pacientes foram avaliados em dois momentos, a fim de verificar a percepção da dor, o grau de dispneia, a força muscular periférica e a funcionalidade do paciente de acordo com a escala Perme. Os dados coletados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Para comparar médias entre as avaliações, foi aplicado o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas. Em caso de assimetria, o teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado. Na avaliação da associação entre as variáveis quantitativas, os testes de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman foram aplicados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 30 indivíduos que realizaram transplante hepático. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino, e a média de idade foi 58,4 ± 9,9 anos. A patologia de base mais prevalente foi a cirrose por vírus C (23,3%). Foram registradas associações significativas entre o tempo de ventilação mecânica e a escala Perme na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (r = -0,374; p = 0,042) e entre o número de atendimentos fisioterapêuticos (r = -0,578; p = 0,001). Quando comparados os resultados da avaliação inicial e na alta hospitalar, houve significativa melhora da funcionalidade (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Mobilidade funcional, força muscular periférica, percepção da dor e dispneia melhoram significativamente no momento da alta hospitalar em relação à admissão na unidade de internação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the Perme mobility scale score as a predictor of functional status and complications in the postoperative period in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 patients who underwent liver transplantation. The patients were evaluated at two time points to determine their perception of pain, degree of dyspnea, peripheral muscle strength, and functional status according to the Perme scale. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. To compare the means between the evaluations, Student's t test for paired samples was applied. In case of asymmetry, the Wilcoxon test was used. In the evaluation of the association between the quantitative variables, the Pearson or Spearman correlation tests were applied. Results: A total of 30 individuals who underwent liver transplantation were included. The patients were predominantly male, and the mean age was 58.4 ± 9.9 years. The most prevalent underlying pathology was cirrhosis C virus (23.3%). Significant associations of the time on mechanical ventilation with the Perme scale score at discharge from the intensive care unit (r = -0.374; p = 0.042) and the number of physical therapy treatments (r = -0.578; p = 0.001) were recorded. When comparing the results of the initial evaluation and the evaluation at hospital discharge, there was a significant improvement in functional status (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Functional mobility, peripheral muscle strength, pain perception, and dyspnea are significantly improved at hospital discharge compared with those at inpatient unit admission.

Chemical diversity of essential oils from Hyptis pectinata (L. ) Poit / Diversidade química de óleos essenciais de Hyptis pectinata (L. ) Poit

The essential oils are secondary metabolites formed by several chemical compounds that confer to these substances great social and economic importance. This diversity of compounds is generally determined by the genetic constitution of the plant, although environmental factors may also influence the type, amount, and concentrations of the compounds present in the essential oil. The aim of this work was to analyze the chemical diversity of the essential oils of native Hyptis pectinata plants collected in the state of Sergipe. The essential oils of 24 plants were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS/FID, revealing 30 compounds. Two clusters were formed by the cluster analysis. Cluster I consisted of 18 plants, and presented -elemene (2.46-25.77%), -caryophyllene (16.20-60.95%), germacrene D (0.00-21.59%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.38-42.21%) as major compounds. Cluster II consisted of six plants, and presented -caryophyllene (5.68-15.57%), (Z)--guaiene (2.18-7.31%), caryophyllene oxide (1.58-22.89%), and calamusenone (23.12-64.36%) as major compounds. Strong correlation was observed between pcymene and -terpinene (r=0.94), and between (E)--guaiene and lepidozene (r=0.95). Results of the present study indicate variation in the essential oil content, and show that the compounds -elemene, -caryophyllene, germacrene D, (Z)--guaiene, caryophyllene oxide and calamusenone were detected in greater proportions in native plants of H. pectinata of the state of Sergipe. The knowledge of the chemical diversity found in H. pectinata plants can assist in the selection of plants of specific interest.

Os óleos essenciais são metabólitos secundários formados por diversos compostos químicos que atrelam a estas substâncias grande importância social e econômica. Essa diversidade de compostos geralmente é determinada pela constituição genética da planta, embora fatores ambientais também possam influenciar quanto ao tipo, quantidade e concentrações dos compostos presentes no óleo essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a diversidade química dos óleos essenciais de plantas nativas de H. pectinata coletadas no Estado de Sergipe. O óleo essencial de 24 plantas foi obtido por hidrodestilação e analisados por GC/MS-FID. Foram detectados 30 compostos no óleo essencial. Pela análise de agrupamento, foi observada a formação de dois grupos. Grupo 1 foi constituído por 18 plantas, e apresentou o -elemeno (2,46-25,77%), -cariofileno (16,20-60,95%), germacreno-D (0,00-21,59%) e óxido de cariofileno (5,38-42,21%) como compostos majoritários. Grupo 2 foi constituído por 6 plantas com -cariofileno (5,68-15,57%), Z-- guaieno (2,18-7,31%), óxido de cariofileno (1,58-22,89%) e calamusenona (23,12-64,36%) como compostos majoritários. Uma forte correlação foi observada entre os compostos p-cimeno e -terpineno (r=0,94) e entre (E)--guaieno e lepidozeno (r=0,95). Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que existe variação no teor do óleo essencial, e que os compostos - elemeno, -cariofileno, germacreno-D, (Z)--guaieno, óxido de cariofileno e calamusenona, foram detectados em maiores proporções nas plantas nativas de H. pectinata do Estado de Sergipe. O conhecimento da diversidade química encontrada nas plantas de H. pectinata pode auxiliar na seleção de plantas de interesse específico.

Increased VEGFR2 and MMP9 protein levels are associated with epithelial dysplasia grading.

The present study aimed to compare levels of VEGFR2 and MMP-9 among control, epithelial dysplasia (ED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) groups. We analyzed 48 patients with oral leukoplakia (OL), 20 patients with OSCC and 21 patients without OL and OSCC. Immunohistochemistry of VEGFR2 and MMP9 were performed and compared among groups. Analysis of tissue immunolocalization of VEGFR2 and MMP-9 assumed non-parametrical distribution and comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. VEGFR2 and MMP9 immunoexpression appeared to correlate with the degree of dysplasia and was observed to increase in lesions with more severe dysplasia as compared to those with lower degrees of dysplasia. Immunoreactivity of MMP-9 was lower in the OL samples compared to the OSCC samples (p = 0.004). We observed no difference in VEGFR2 protein levels between OL and OSCC samples. A positive correlation was found between VEGFR2 and MMP-9 in OL samples (r = +0.452, p = 0.001), however, no correlation was found in OSCC samples (r = -0.042, p = 0.861). In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that expression of MMP9 and VEGFR2 is associated with ED grading and MMP9 levels are increased in OSCC.

High expression of S100A4 and endoglin is associated with metastatic disease in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The presence of cervical metastasis is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates in individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). S100A4, a pleiotropic EF-hand calcium-binding protein, is expressed in various normal and cancer cell types. During cancer progression, molecular disturbances in S100A4 can modulate the activity and expression of pre-metastatic and metastatic genes. In this study, we investigated the association between S100A4 methylation status and protein expression as well as the expression of the S100A4 related-proteins annexin A2 (ANXA2), matrix metallopeptidase-9, and endoglin, for metastasis and other clinicopathological parameters in HNSCC. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of metastatic and non-metastatic HNSCC and matched cervical lymph node (LN) samples (metastatic LN = mLN, non-metastatic = nmLN, and control LN (lymphadenitis) = cLN) were submitted for methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that S100A4 methylation status failed to demonstrate association with cervical metastasis and other clinicopathological factors related to HNSCC. HNSCC samples from patients that presented with metastatic disease showed high S100A4 and endoglin expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, molecular disturbances in S100A4 and endoglin expression might regulate the formation of cervical metastasis in HNSCC.

Leptin receptor polymorphism Gln223Arg (rs1137101) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant oral lesions.

The purpose of this study was to assess the LEPR gene Gln223Arg polymorphism (rs1137101) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) in comparison to normal oral mucosa in a Brazilian population. Smokers (n = 89) were selected from a representative sample of 471 individuals from the general population of Montes Claros, Brazil. Participants were age and gender matched to patients with OSCC (n = 25) and oral epithelial dysplasia (n = 25). We investigated the LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism (A>G; rs1137101) in these groups. Genotype variants were assessed by RFLP-PCR, using MspI (HPAII) restriction endonuclease. The institutional review board of the Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros approved the study (process number 2667/2011). Written informed consent for this study was obtained from all participants. The GG genotype (Arg223Arg) appears to be the more relevant polymorphic variant in OSCC. It occurred, approximately, twice as frequently in OSCC patients than in the general population. In contrast, the A allele in its homozygosis form (Gln223Gln) is significantly associated with the development of PMOL; 80% of the samples from the PMOL group exhibit AA genotype. Our findings suggest new insights regarding LEPR gene variations in the development of OSCC and PMOL.

Low expression of MSH2 DNA repair protein is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the expression of the MSH2 DNA repair protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in order to analyze its association with clinicopathologic factors and overall survival of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical data and primary lesions of HNSSC were collected from 55 patients who underwent surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy in Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2008. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to analyze MSH2 protein expression. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis showed no significant correlation or association between MSH2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Patients with locoregional metastatic disease (OR=4.949, p<0.001) and lower MSH2 immunohistochemical expressions (OR=2.943, p=0.032) presented poorer survival for HNSCC by Cox regression models. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that lower MSH2 expression might contribute to a higher clinic aggressiveness of HNSCC by promoting an unfavorable outcome.

Low expression of MSH2 DNA repair protein is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the expression of the MSH2 DNA repair protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in order to analyze its association with clinicopathologic factors and overall survival of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical data and primary lesions of HNSSC were collected from 55 patients who underwent surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy in Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2008. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to analyze MSH2 protein expression. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis showed no significant correlation or association between MSH2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Patients with locoregional metastatic disease (OR=4.949, p<0.001) and lower MSH2 immunohistochemical expressions (OR=2.943, p=0.032) presented poorer survival for HNSCC by Cox regression models. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that lower MSH2 expression might contribute to a higher clinic aggressiveness of HNSCC by promoting an unfavorable outcome. .

Th1 and Th2-like protein balance in human inflammatory radicular cysts and periapical granulomas.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic dental periapical lesions result from chronic inflammation of periapical tissues caused by continuous antigenic stimulation from infected root canals. Recent findings have suggested that T helper (Th) 1 and Th2-like cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of chronic periapical inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms regulating these immunoinflammatory pathways have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) protein levels in human radicular cysts and periapical granulomas. METHODS: Archived samples of cysts (n = 52) and granulomas (n = 27) were sectioned and submitted to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the tissue expression of IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < .05). RESULTS: An increased expression of IFN-γ was observed in radicular cysts. IL-4 expression was stronger in periapical granulomas than in radicular cysts. IL-12 was not detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that IFN-γ protein levels are increased in radicular cysts, whereas IL-4 expression is stronger in samples of periapical granulomas. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the signaling pathways mediated by these cytokines and to facilitate the development of more effective periapical disease management strategies.

Impact of the epithelial dysplasia grading and Ki67 proliferation index in the adjacent non-malignant mucosa on recurrence and survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between several different aspects of disease in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): morphological grading, Ki67 proliferation index (PI), invasive front, adjacent non-malignant mucosa (ANMM), recurrence and overall survival of the patients. Sixty-four fully reviewed and followed-up patients with primary HNSCC were matched according to recurrence of the lesion and placed in one of two groups of 32 cases. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze the clinicopathological parameters between both groups of patients. Association between Ki67 PI and clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed through chi-square and Fisher's exact tests with the binary logistic regression model used as a multivariate analysis. In addition, survival analysis was also performed. Our results showed that high-risk dysplasia in ANMM and high Ki67 PI in ANMM of HNSCC exhibited a higher risk of tumor recurrence. Survival analysis showed that T3/T4 tumor sizes and high Ki67 PI were significantly associated with an increase in the risk of death in multivariate analysis. Our results revealed that high-risk dysplasia and high Ki67 PI of the ANMM are parameters which are indicative of tumor recurrence. Furthermore, T3/T4 tumor sizes and high Ki67 PI in the invasive front appear to be important prognostic tools for HNSCC.

Increased circulating angiotensin-(1-7) protects white adipose tissue against development of a proinflammatory state stimulated by a high-fat diet.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a transgenic-induced chronic increase of Ang-(1-7) on the expression of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue and the metabolic profile in rats treated with high-fat diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Transgenic rats expressing an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein (TGR L-3292) and Sprague Dawley (SD) control rats 4 weeks old were treated for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet. Food intake and body weight were measured once a week. Glucose-tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests were performed one week before the sacrifice. At the end of the experiment plasma lipid concentrations were measured in TGR and SD rats. Adipose tissue were weighted and corrected by the body weight. Proinflammatory markers in adipose tissue were analyzed using Western-blotting, real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: High-fat diet TGR rats presented increased HDL cholesterol levels and decreased abdominal fat mass, without changes in food intake. In addition, rats with increased Ang-(1-7) levels had lower body weight. Molecular analysis revealed decreased IL-1ß and COX-2 in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results show that chronic high circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels protect against metabolic stress induced by a high-fat diet decreasing the proinflammatory profile of adipose tissue.

DNA repair gene excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of methylation and polymorphism (G19007A), protein expression and association with epidemiological and clinicopathological factors.

AIMS: To evaluate the associations of excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) (DNA repair protein) (G19007A) polymorphism, methylation and immunohistochemical expression with epidemiological and clinicopathological factors and with overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 84 patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. The allele A genotype variant was observed in 79.8% of the samples, GG in 20.2%, GA in 28.6% and AA in 51.2%. Individuals aged more than 45 years had a higher prevalence of the allelic A variant and a high (83.3%) immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-19.7, P = 0.027], which was also high in patients with advanced stage (OR=5.04, 95% CI: 1.07-23.7, P = 0.041). Methylated status was found in 51.2% of the samples, and was higher in patients who did not present distant metastasis (OR = 6.67, 95% CI: 1.40-33.33, P = 0.019) and in patients with advanced stage (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.07-23.7, P = 0.041). At 2 and 5 years, overall survival was 55% and 36%, respectively (median = 30 months). CONCLUSION: Our findings may reflect a high rate of DNA repair due to frequent tissue injury during the lifetime of these individuals, and also more advanced disease presentation in this population with worse prognosis.

Field cancerization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical expression of P53 and Ki67 proteins: clinicopathological study / Cancerização por campo em carcinoma de células escamosas: expressão imuno-histoquímica de proteínas p53 e Ki67: estudo clínico-patológico

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to evaluate the immunostaining influence of p53 and Ki67 proteins inareas of field cancerization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed associationsof these proteins with clinicopathological parameters and the relation between their immunoexpression inHNSCC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In a retrospecive analysis, 40 patients with HNSCC were selectedaccording to the recurrence of the disease, forming two groups: recurrent and non-recurrent HNSCC.Morphological gradations and imunnohistochemical analysis of p53 and Ki67 were performed in invasivefront and tumor adjacent epithelium. RESULTS: It was found significant associations between tumor recurrenceand p53 positivity in mucosa and invasive front. However, no association was found between p53immunostaining and the clinicopathological parameters. Ki67 was not related to any clinicopathologicalparameter either. The association between Ki67 and p53 expression was not significant. There was no significant inluence of recurrence in the clinicopathological parameters. Individuals with T1/T2 tumor size, non-recurrentand p53-negative in tumor adjacent epithelium presented better overall survival of HNSCC. CONCLUSION:p53 positivity in adjacent epithelium and invasive front of recurrent HNSCC is suggested in this study.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da imunoexpressão das proteínas p53 e Ki67 em áreas de campos de cancerização do carcinoma de células escamosas da cabeça e pescoço. Analisamos a associação dessas proteínas com parâmetros clínico-patológicos e a relação entre sua imunoexpressão.MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Em análise retrospectiva, 40 pacientes foram selecionados, de acordo com a recorrência da doença, formando dois grupos: com recorrência e sem recorrência da neoplasia. Gradações morfológicas e análises histoquímicas foram efetuadas na área de invasão e no epitélio adjacente ao tumor. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se associações significativas entre a recorrência do tumor e positividade para p53 na mucosa e na área da lesão. Entretanto, não encontrou-se associação entre p53 e parâmetros clínico-patológicos. Ki67 não foi relacionada com qualquer parâmetro, igualmente. A associação entre expressão de Ki67 e p53 não foi significante e não houve influência significante de recorrência nos parâmetros clínico-patológicos. Indivíduos com tumores T1/T2, não recorrentes, e p53 negativos no epitélio adjacente ao tumor apresentaram melhor sobrevida à neoplasia. CONCLUSÃO: Positividade para p53 no epitélio adjacente e na área da neoplasia de carcinoma de células escamosas é sugerida por este estudo.