Metformin as an add-on to insulin improves periodontal response during orthodontic tooth movement in type 1 diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with delayed tissue healing and bone loss. Periodontal tissues during tooth movement (OTM) in T1D and under diabetic treatment are poorly understood. We aimed to study the effect of metformin as an add-on to insulin therapy on periodontal structures during OTM in T1D rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into normoglycemic (NG, n = 20) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups that were untreated (T1D, n = 20), treated with insulin (I-T1D, n = 20), or treated with insulin plus metformin (IM-T1D, n = 20). After 7 days of treatment, the first right upper molar (M1) was moved mesially. At days 0, 3, 7 and 14, the pattern of OTM and the periodontal tissues were analyzed by micro-CT, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for TRAP. RESULTS: In T1D, major osteoclastogenic activity and bone loss versus other groups were confirmed by a greater TRAP-positive cell number and reabsorption surface on both the pressure and tension sides for 14 days (p < 0.01). Additionally, we observed low bone volume density. Metformin plus insulin resulted in a daily insulin dose reduction and major glycemic control versus I-T1D. Although no significant differences were observed between I-T1D and IM-T1D, the tooth displacement and inclination, periodontal ligament thickness, and alveolar bone density on the pressure side in IM-T1D were similar to that of NG (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Antidiabetic treatment reduces severe periodontal damage during applied orthodontic force in T1D untreated rats. Metformin as an add-on to insulin therapy resulted in glycemic control and a periodontal tissue response to orthodontic forces that was similar to that of normoglycemic rats.

Avaliação do perfil de estilo de vida de usuários que praticam exercício físico regular comparado a usuários sedentários inseridos em uma estratégia de saúde da família ­ Região Sudeste do Brasil / Evaluation of the lifestyle profile of users who practice regular exercise compared to sedentary users, included in a family health strategy unit - Southeast Region of Brazil

Objetivo: Identificar, caracterizar e comparar o perfil de estilo de vida em indivíduos que praticam exercício físico regular e indivíduos sedentários, adscritos na área de abrangência de um Núcleo de Saúde da Família (NSF) da Região Sudeste. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, de corte transversal, com população alvo de 40 indivíduos de 43 a 81 anos de idade. Foram aplicados: questionário Sociodemográfico, questionário Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual (PEVI) e Pentáculo do Bem-estar (PBE). Análise de dados: Foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de posição (média, mediana, mínima e máxima) e dispersão (desvio-padrão). O Teste t de Student não pareado e bicaudal foi usado para comparações de variáveis. O nível de significância estatística foi estabelecido em 95%. Resultado: Foi identificado, no presente estudo, que há diferença relevante entre o perfil de estilo de vida de indivíduos que realizam exercício físico regular e aqueles que não o realizam; e que os componentes que mais contribuem para essa diferença são a atividade física (d=2,5) e o relacionamento social (d= 1,5). Conclusão: Observou-se que há uma tendência de indivíduos que praticam exercícios físicos serem mais sociáveis e valorizarem os benefícios do relacionamento em sua vida pessoal, possuindo um padrão de estilo de vida mais positivo. Ações sociais que estimulem atividades físicas e seus efeitos são de extrema importância para a saúde da população em geral.

Objective: To identify, characterize, and compare the lifestyle profile of individuals who practice regular exercise and those who are sedentary, enrolled in the coverage area of a Family Health Center (FHC) in the southeast region. Method: A descriptive study, quantitative, cross-sectional, with a target population of 40 subjects, 43-81 years of age. We applied a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Individual Lifestyle Profile (PEVI) questionnaire, and the Pentacle Welfare (PBE) questionnaire. Data analysis: We used absolute and relative frequencies, position measurements (mean, median, minimum, and maximum), and dispersion (standard deviation). The Student's t-test, unpaired and two-tailed, was used for variable comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at 95%. Result: In this study a significant difference was found between the lifestyle profile of individuals who exercise regularly compared to those who don't exercise, and the components that contribute most to this difference are physical activity (d = 2,5) and social relationships (d = 1,5). Conclusion: We observed that there is a tendency among individuals who engage in physical exercise to be more sociable and appreciate the benefits of relationships in their personal lives, having a more positive lifestyle pattern. Social activities that encourage physical activities and their effects are extremely important to the health of the general population.