Effect of Heated Saline Solution on Pain Intensity, Wound Bed Temperature, and Comfort during Chronic Wound Dressing Changes: Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of heated saline solution during wound cleaning on the intensity of pain related to the procedure, the temperature of the wound bed, and the comfort of patients with chronic wounds. Further, to investigate patient preference in relation to the temperature of the solution used for cleaning. METHODS: Crossover, single-blind, clinical trial with 32 people with chronic wounds. Providers cleaned the wounds with room temperature and heated saline solution. Participants were randomized into group 1 A/B (heated solution first, room temperature second) or group 2 B/A (room temperature solution first, heated solution second), with a 10-minute washout period. Investigators evaluated pain intensity, wound bed temperature, and patient-reported comfort and preference. RESULTS: The heated solution was preferred (P = .04) and more often referred to as comfortable (P = .04) by the participants. There was no difference in pain intensity before and after cleaning with room temperature (2.03; P = .155) and heated saline (2.25; P = .44). The heated solution increased the temperature of the wound bed by 0.5 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Although heating saline solution could be an important comfort measure during dressing changes, quantitatively, the temperature of the solution did not significantly change the temperature of the wound bed nor the intensity of pain patients experienced.

Pain management in indigenous and tribal peoples: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Effective and culturally safe pain management can facilitate analgesia and improve the quality of life. Individualised, multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches are highly recommended. There exist gaps in the knowledge on pain management, in terms of the assessment and/or treatment, in indigenous peoples and the currently available information is scattered in the literature. A scoping review will provide an overview or evidence map on the variety of approaches used in different cultures, in different parts of the world. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The search strategy comprises three stages. The first stage identified the MeSH terms and keywords in PubMed. The second stage will consist of a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, APA PsycNet and Scopus, followed by a search in Google and Google Scholar, GreyGuide, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Theses Canada Portal (Library and Archives Canada), TROVE (National Library of Australia), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Bibliography, and Cybertesis. The papers will be screened, selected and extracted independently by two researchers. Descriptive data analysis will be performed, and the results will be presented using a narrative summary, graphs, tables and figures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review does not require ethical approval, as data from the literature available in databases will be collected and analysed. The protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework. The data on pain assessment and treatment in indigenous peoples will be presented through a narrative summary, figures, charts and tables. Results will be submitted to an open-access journal for publication and will be disseminated through scientific events, scientific meetings, public events and conversation circles with indigenous peoples.

Transformation of a surgical clinic for covid-19 patients: experience report / Transformación de una clínica quirúrgica para la atención de pacientes con covid 19: reporte de experiencia / Transformação de uma clínica cirúrgica para atendimento a pacientes com covid 19: relato de experiência

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the transformation process of a surgical inpatient unit into a coronavirus patient care unit and the impact on the health of nursing professionals and users of this service, in the opinion of nurses who experienced the process. Method: this is an experience report of nurses of a surgical inpatient unit of a Federal Teaching Hospital in the Midwest region of Brazil. The experience was presented in three thematic axes: 1) Internal restructuring of the surgical hospitalization unit; 2) Training, personnel management and distribution of resources; 3) Impacts on worker health. Results: the surgical clinic started to have an exclusive team and flow of single care. Pre-surgical patients were discharged from the hospital with no prospect of returning to the planned treatment. Surgical wards were adapted to isolation wards, and equipment facilities for ventilatory care were optimized. The lack of adequate Personal Protective Equipment and work overload were identified as situations that increase the risk of infection in health professionals. Conclusion: the study demonstrated unhealthy conditions that favor the physical exhaustion and mental suffering of nursing professionals. New research in occupational health planning which supports the work of health service managers in future pandemic scenarios in Brazil is suggested.

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar el proceso de transformación de una unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica en una unidad de atención al paciente con coronavirus y el impacto en la salud de los profesionales de enfermería y usuarios de este servicio, en la opinión de los enfermeros que vivieron el proceso. Método: se trata de un relato de experiencia de enfermeros de una unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica de un Hospital Federal de Enseñanza de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. La experiencia fue presentada en tres ejes temáticos: 1) Reestructuración interna de la unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica; 2) Capacitación, manejo de personal y distribución de recursos; 3) Impactos en la salud de los trabajadores. Resultados: la clínica quirúrgica pasó a tener un equipo exclusivo y un flujo de atención único. Los pacientes prequirúrgicos fueron dados de alta del hospital sin perspectivas de volver al tratamiento planificado. Se adaptaron los pabellones quirúrgicos a pabellones de aislamiento y se optimizaron las instalaciones de equipos para el cuidado ventilatorio. La falta de Equipos de Protección Individual adecuados y la sobrecarga de trabajo fueron identificadas como situaciones que aumentan el riesgo de infección para los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: el estudio demostró condiciones insalubres que favorecen el desgaste físico y el sufrimiento psíquico de los profesionales de enfermería. Se sugiere nueva investigación en planificación de salud ocupacional que apoye el trabajo de los gestores de servicios de salud en futuros escenarios de pandemia en Brasil.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar o processo de transformação de uma unidade de internação cirúrgica em unidade de atendimento a pacientes infectados pelo novo coronavírus e o impacto na saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem e usuários desse serviço, na opinião de enfermeiros que vivenciaram o processo. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência de enfermeiros de uma unidade de internação cirúrgica de um Hospital Escola Federal da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. A experiência foi apresentada em três eixos temáticos: 1) Reestruturação interna da unidade de internação cirúrgica; 2) Capacitação, gerenciamento de pessoal e distribuição de recursos; 3) Impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores. Resultados: a clínica cirúrgica passou a contar com equipe exclusiva e fluxo de atendimento único. Pacientes pré-cirúrgicos receberam alta hospitalar sem perspectiva de retorno ao tratamento previsto. Enfermarias cirúrgicas foram adaptadas para enfermarias de isolamento, e instalações de equipamentos para a assistência ventilatória foram otimizadas. A falta de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual adequados e a sobrecarga de trabalho foram apontados como situações que aumentam o risco de infecção para os profissionais da saúde. Conclusão: o estudo retratou condições insalubres que favorecem o esgotamento físico e o sofrimento mental de profissionais da enfermagem. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas no âmbito do planejamento da saúde ocupacional que possam subsidiar o trabalho de gestores de serviços de saúde em futuros cenários de pandemia no Brasil.

A Rasch Analysis of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory-Brazilian Version.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Rasch model has not yet been used to evaluate the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI), a tool used worldwide to measure coping with chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the adjustment of the CPCI-Brazilian version and its scales to the Rasch model. METHODS: CPCI Rasch analysis with 705 outpatients from a Brazilian hospital. RESULTS: The set of Illness-Focused coping strategies presented as a one-dimensional scale. The Rasch reliability of the person item ranged between 0.33 and 0.89, and 0.29 and 0.99, respectively. There were misfits for items 35 (MNSQOutfit = 2.12) and 54 (MNSQOutfit = 2.92), and DIF of one item regarding gender. The Wright map revealed some gaps in coping measurement. CONCLUSIONS: The scales of CPCIBrazilian Version fitted to the Rasch model after adjustments in the categories of response and exclusion of items 35 and 54.

Sex Differences in Coping Strategies Based on Chronic Pain Intensity Among Older Adults.

The aim of the current study was to investigate chronic pain coping strategies of older adults and the differences between sexes according to the intensity of pain. A cross-sectional study was performed in specialty clinics in midwestern Brazil. Participants comprised 276 older adults with chronic pain. The Brief Pain Inventory and Chronic Pain Coping Inventory-Brazilian version were used to assess self-reported pain intensity and pain coping strategies. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests were used for intergroup comparisons. The task persistence and coping self-statements subscales were the most used coping strategies. The strategies of exercise/stretching and task persistence were used differently between males and females. Males showed significant differences in asking for assistance, task persistence, and guarding subscales when pain intensity was taken into account, whereas females showed differences in the guarding and resting subscales. Adaptive coping was the most used coping strategy; however, some non-adaptive subscales were significant in both sexes when compared with levels of chronic pain intensity. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(10), 30-36.].

Chronic pain following inguinal herniorrhaphy: perceptions of children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perceptions of children and adolescents about chronic postsurgical pain, experienced for three years after outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHOD: Descriptive, exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. Children and adolescents who reported chronic postsurgical pain were invited from previous quantitative research. The interviews with a semi-structured script were recorded, transcribed, and coded according to content analysis, thematic modality. RESULTS: Twenty children and teenagers participated. They attributed different meanings to chronic persistent postsurgical pain, configuring a bad, uncomfortable, intermittent and limiting experience, which socially isolates, interferes with daily, school, and leisure activities. The report of pain was underestimated and neglected by the children's and adolescents' healthcare team, family members, teachers, and friends. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents recognize postsurgical pain as persistent pain and seem to perceive that their report is underestimated and neglected by parents and teachers. Additionally, they feel responsible for the presence of pain that affects psychological and social dimensions and imposes damage and fear that leads to the return of the hernia and to death.

Severe acute postoperative pain self-reported by children after ambulatory surgeries: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: to estimate the incidence and the risk factors for severe acute postoperative pain self-reported on the first day after hospital discharge. METHODS: cohort study with 279 children from both sexes (5-12 years old), indicated for ambulatory surgery in two Brazilian hospitals. Children were assessed at the pre-surgery, immediate postoperative and first postoperative day. Faces Pain Scale-Revised and Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Modified were used. Severe postoperative pain was defined as score ≥6. Cox regression analyses were used. RESULTS: the incidence of severe postoperative pain was 15.8% (95%CI:10.7%-20.4%) on the first postoperative day. Preoperative anxiety (HR=2.23; p=0.049), severe preoperative pain (HR=2.78; p=0.031) and having undergone two surgical procedures (HR=2.91; p=0.002) were associated with severe postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of severe postoperative pain self-reported after hospital discharge was high. Anxiety and severe preoperative pain, in addition to performing two surgical procedures at the same time were confirmed as risk factors.

Factors associated with quality of life of older adults with chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with quality of life of the older adults with chronic pain. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted with 239 older adults in outpatient care in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old (WHOQOL-OLD) instrument contains six domains and was applied to assess quality of life. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The factors associated with Sensory Abilities were age (ß = - 0.52), time spent together (ß = - 14.35; - 17.86; - 15.57), and pain intensity (ß = - 1, 70). Autonomy was associated with depression (ß = - 5.99) and chest pain (ß = - 6.17). Social participation related to schooling (ß = - 0.64), diabetes mellitus (ß = - 8.15), depression (ß = - 14.53), pain intensity (ß = - 1.43), and lower limb pain (ß = - 5.94). Past, present and future activities related to depression (ß = - 6.94). Death and dying related to hypertension (ß = - 8.40), while Intimacy to depression (ß = - 5.99) and headache/face pain (ß = - 3.19). CONCLUSION: The time experiencing chronic pain and the location of this experience, as well as depression, diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension were factors that had greater influence on the older adult's Quality of Life domains.

Structural validity of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory-Brazilian version.

BACKGROUND: The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI) has been widely used to measure coping with pain, however, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian CPCI are unknown. AIM: To verify the validity and reliability of the CPCI-Brazilian version. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 705 outpatients with chronic pain participated in the study. Cronbach's alpha, corrected item-total correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed, using the method of Diagonally Weighted Least Squares. RESULTS: Construct validity was supported with a factor loading range of 0.36-0.90 (9 factors) corroborating original loads. The final model had adequate fit with items 42 and 54 excluded, D.F = 2174, TLI = 0.96; CFI = 0.96 and RMSEA = 0.051(p = 0.067). Eight of the nine CPCI scales showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.70 to 0.92). The Relaxation scale obtained a low alpha value (0.53). CONCLUSION: The CPCI-Brazilian version, after exclusion of items 42 and 54, is valid to measure chronic pain coping in Brazilian adults.

Factors associated with quality of life of older adults with chronic pain / Factores asociados a la calidad de vida de ancianos con dolor crónico / Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas com dor crônica

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with quality of life of the older adults with chronic pain. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with 239 older adults in outpatient care in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old (WHOQOL-OLD) instrument contains six domains and was applied to assess quality of life. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The factors associated with Sensory Abilities were age (β = - 0.52), time spent together (β = - 14.35; - 17.86; - 15.57), and pain intensity (β = - 1, 70). Autonomy was associated with depression (β = - 5.99) and chest pain (β = - 6.17). Social participation related to schooling (β = - 0.64), diabetes mellitus (β = - 8.15), depression (β = - 14.53), pain intensity (β = - 1.43), and lower limb pain (β = - 5.94). Past, present and future activities related to depression (β = - 6.94). Death and dying related to hypertension (β = - 8.40), while Intimacy to depression (β = - 5.99) and headache/face pain (β = - 3.19). Conclusion: The time experiencing chronic pain and the location of this experience, as well as depression, diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension were factors that had greater influence on the older adult's Quality of Life domains.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la calidad de vida (CV) de ancianos con dolor crónico. Método: Estudio transversal en el cual participaron 239 ancianos en atención ambulatoria en el estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para evaluar la calidad de vida, se aplicó el World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD), que presenta seis dominios. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó la regresión lineal simple y múltiple. Resultados: Los factores asociados con el dominio Funcionamiento sensorial fueron la edad (β = − 0,52), el tiempo de convivencia (β = − 14,35; − 17,86; − 15,57) y la intensidad del dolor (β = − 1,70). El dominio Autonomía se asoció con la depresión (β = − 5,99) y el dolor torácico (β = − 6,17). La Participación social se relacionó con el nivel de estudios (β = − 0,64), diabetes mellitus (β = − 8,15), depresión (β = − 14,53), intensidad del dolor (β = − 1,43) y dolor en miembros inferiores (β = − 5,94). Las actividades pasadas, presentes y futuras se vincularon con la depresión (β = − 6,94). El dominio Muerte y morir se asoció con la hipertensión (β = − 8,40), mientras que el dominio Intimidad se relacionó con la depresión (β = − 5,99) y el dolor de cabeza/en la cara (β = − 3,19). Conclusión: El tiempo de convivencia con el dolor crónico y el local de esa experiencia, así como la depresión, diabetes y HAS, fueron los factores que más influyeron en los dominios de CV de los ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à qualidade de vida (QV) em idosos com dor crônica. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 239 idosos em atendimento ambulatorial no estado de Goiás, Brasil. O World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD) contém seis domínios e foi aplicado para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Foram utilizadas regressão linear simples e múltipla na análise estatística. Resultados: Os fatores associados ao domínio Funcionamento dos sentidos foram idade (β = − 0,52), tempo de convívio (β = − 14,35; − 17,86; − 15,57) e intensidade da dor (β = − 1,70). Ao domínio Autonomia associaram-se a depressão (β = − 5,99) e a dor no tórax (β = − 6,17). A Participação social relacionou-se à escolaridade (β = − 0,64), diabetes mellitus (β = − 8,15), depressão (β = − 14,53), intensidade da dor (β = − 1,43) e à dor em MMII (β = − 5,94). Às Atividades passadas, presentes e futuras associou-se a depressão (β = − 6,94). O domínio Morte e morrer foi associado à hipertensão (β = − 8,40), enquanto o domínio Intimidade foi relacionado à depressão (β = − 5,99) e dor na cabeça/face (β = − 3,19). Conclusão: O tempo de convívio com a dor crônica e a localização dessa experiência, assim como a depressão, diabetes e HAS foram fatores que influenciaram com maior magnitude os domínios de QV dos idosos.

Severe acute postoperative pain self-reported by children after ambulatory surgeries: a cohort study / Dor aguda pós-operatória intensa autorreferida por crianças após cirurgias ambulatoriais: um estudo de coorte / Dolor postoperatorio agudo severo autoinformado por niños después de cirugías ambulatorias: un estudio de cohort

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the incidence and the risk factors for severe acute postoperative pain self-reported on the first day after hospital discharge. Methods: cohort study with 279 children from both sexes (5-12 years old), indicated for ambulatory surgery in two Brazilian hospitals. Children were assessed at the pre-surgery, immediate postoperative and first postoperative day. Faces Pain Scale-Revised and Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Modified were used. Severe postoperative pain was defined as score ≥6. Cox regression analyses were used. Results: the incidence of severe postoperative pain was 15.8% (95%CI:10.7%-20.4%) on the first postoperative day. Preoperative anxiety (HR=2.23; p=0.049), severe preoperative pain (HR=2.78; p=0.031) and having undergone two surgical procedures (HR=2.91; p=0.002) were associated with severe postoperative pain. Conclusions the incidence of severe postoperative pain self-reported after hospital discharge was high. Anxiety and severe preoperative pain, in addition to performing two surgical procedures at the same time were confirmed as risk factors.

RESUMO Objetivos: estimar a incidência e os fatores de risco para dor pós-operatória intensa autorreferida no primeiro dia pós-alta. Métodos: estudo de coorte com 279 crianças de ambos os sexos (5-12 anos), com indicação para cirurgia ambulatorial em dois hospitais brasileiros. As crianças foram avaliadas no pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e primeiro dia pós-alta. As Escala de Faces de Dor Revisada e Escala de Ansiedade Pré-operatória de Yale Modificada foram utilizadas. Dor aguda pós-operatória foi definida como pontuação ≥6. Análises de regressão de Cox foram realizadas. Resultados: a incidência de dor pós-operatória foi de 15,8% (IC95%: 10,7%-20,4%) no primeiro dia pós-alta. Ansiedade pré-operatória (HR=2,23; p=0,049), dor préoperatória intensa (HR=2,78; p=0,031) e ter sido submetido a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos (HR=2,91; p=0,002) foram associados à dor pós-operatória. Conclusões: a incidência de dor intensa autorreferida no pós-operatório foi elevada. Ansiedade, dor pré-operatória intensa e submissão a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos foram confirmados como fatores de risco.

RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de dolor postoperatorio agudo severo autoinformado el primer día después del alta hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio de cohorte con 279 niños de ambos sexos, 5-12 años, indicados para cirugía ambulatoria en dos hospitales brasileños, evaluados en el preoperatorio, inmediato y el primer día posoperatorio. Se utilizaron: Faces Pain Scale-Revised y Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Dolor posoperatorio agudo fue una puntuación ≥6. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión de Cox. Resultados: la incidencia de dolor postoperatorio agudo fue del 15,8% (IC 95%: 10,7%-20,4%) en el primer día postoperatorio. Ansiedad preoperatoria (HR=2,23; p=0,049), dolor preoperatorio agudo (HR=2,78; p=0,031) y haber sido sometido a dos procedimientos quirúrgicos (HR=2,91; p=0,002) se asociaron con dolor postoperatorio agudo. Conclusiones la incidencia de dolor agudo autoinformado en el postoperatorio después del alta hospitalaria fue alta. Ansiedad, dolor preoperatorio agudo y haber realizado dos intervenciones quirúrgicas al mismo tiempo fueron factores de riesgo.

Severe acute postoperative pain self-reported by children after ambulatory surgeries: a cohort study / Dor aguda pós-operatória intensa autorreferida por crianças após cirurgias ambulatoriais: um estudo de coorte / Dolor postoperatorio agudo severo autoinformado por niños después de cirugías ambulatorias: un estudio de cohort

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the incidence and the risk factors for severe acute postoperative pain self-reported on the first day after hospital discharge. Methods: cohort study with 279 children from both sexes (5-12 years old), indicated for ambulatory surgery in two Brazilian hospitals. Children were assessed at the pre-surgery, immediate postoperative and first postoperative day. Faces Pain Scale-Revised and Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Modified were used. Severe postoperative pain was defined as score ≥6. Cox regression analyses were used. Results: the incidence of severe postoperative pain was 15.8% (95%CI:10.7%-20.4%) on the first postoperative day. Preoperative anxiety (HR=2.23; p=0.049), severe preoperative pain (HR=2.78; p=0.031) and having undergone two surgical procedures (HR=2.91; p=0.002) were associated with severe postoperative pain. Conclusions the incidence of severe postoperative pain self-reported after hospital discharge was high. Anxiety and severe preoperative pain, in addition to performing two surgical procedures at the same time were confirmed as risk factors.

RESUMO Objetivos: estimar a incidência e os fatores de risco para dor pós-operatória intensa autorreferida no primeiro dia pós-alta. Métodos: estudo de coorte com 279 crianças de ambos os sexos (5-12 anos), com indicação para cirurgia ambulatorial em dois hospitais brasileiros. As crianças foram avaliadas no pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e primeiro dia pós-alta. As Escala de Faces de Dor Revisada e Escala de Ansiedade Pré-operatória de Yale Modificada foram utilizadas. Dor aguda pós-operatória foi definida como pontuação ≥6. Análises de regressão de Cox foram realizadas. Resultados: a incidência de dor pós-operatória foi de 15,8% (IC95%: 10,7%-20,4%) no primeiro dia pós-alta. Ansiedade pré-operatória (HR=2,23; p=0,049), dor préoperatória intensa (HR=2,78; p=0,031) e ter sido submetido a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos (HR=2,91; p=0,002) foram associados à dor pós-operatória. Conclusões: a incidência de dor intensa autorreferida no pós-operatório foi elevada. Ansiedade, dor pré-operatória intensa e submissão a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos foram confirmados como fatores de risco.

RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de dolor postoperatorio agudo severo autoinformado el primer día después del alta hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio de cohorte con 279 niños de ambos sexos, 5-12 años, indicados para cirugía ambulatoria en dos hospitales brasileños, evaluados en el preoperatorio, inmediato y el primer día posoperatorio. Se utilizaron: Faces Pain Scale-Revised y Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Dolor posoperatorio agudo fue una puntuación ≥6. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión de Cox. Resultados: la incidencia de dolor postoperatorio agudo fue del 15,8% (IC 95%: 10,7%-20,4%) en el primer día postoperatorio. Ansiedad preoperatoria (HR=2,23; p=0,049), dolor preoperatorio agudo (HR=2,78; p=0,031) y haber sido sometido a dos procedimientos quirúrgicos (HR=2,91; p=0,002) se asociaron con dolor postoperatorio agudo. Conclusiones la incidencia de dolor agudo autoinformado en el postoperatorio después del alta hospitalaria fue alta. Ansiedad, dolor preoperatorio agudo y haber realizado dos intervenciones quirúrgicas al mismo tiempo fueron factores de riesgo.

Chronic pain following inguinal herniorrhaphy: perceptions of children and adolescents / Dolor crónico tras hernia inguinal: percepciones de niños y adolescentes / Dor crônica após herniorrafia inguinal: percepções de crianças e adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the perceptions of children and adolescents about chronic postsurgical pain, experienced for three years after outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy. Method: Descriptive, exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. Children and adolescents who reported chronic postsurgical pain were invited from previous quantitative research. The interviews with a semi-structured script were recorded, transcribed, and coded according to content analysis, thematic modality. Results: Twenty children and teenagers participated. They attributed different meanings to chronic persistent postsurgical pain, configuring a bad, uncomfortable, intermittent and limiting experience, which socially isolates, interferes with daily, school, and leisure activities. The report of pain was underestimated and neglected by the children's and adolescents' healthcare team, family members, teachers, and friends. Conclusion: Children and adolescents recognize postsurgical pain as persistent pain and seem to perceive that their report is underestimated and neglected by parents and teachers. Additionally, they feel responsible for the presence of pain that affects psychological and social dimensions and imposes damage and fear that leads to the return of the hernia and to death.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones de niños y adolescentes sobre dolor crónica posoperatoria, vivenciada durante tres años tras hernia inguinal ambulatoria. Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y de abordaje cualitativo. Niños y adolescentes que relataron dolor crónico posoperatorio fueron invitados desde investigación cualitativa anterior. Las entrevistas con texto semiestructurado fueron grabadas, transcriptas y codificadas según el análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: Participaron 20 niños y adolescentes. Ellos atribuyeron diferentes significados al dolor crónico posoperatorio persistente, lo configuraron como una experiencia mala, incomoda intermitente y limitante, que genera aislamiento social, interfiere en las actividades cotidianas, escolares y de ocio. El relato de dolor fue subestimado y negligenciado por el equipo de salud, familiares, profesores y amigos de los niños y adolescentes. Conclusión: Niños y adolescentes reconocen el dolor posoperatorio como dolor persistente y parecen percibir que su relato es subestimado y negligenciado por los padres y profesores. Además, se sienten responsables por la presencia del dolor que afecta dimensiones psicológicas y sociales e impone perjuicios y miedo que remite al regreso de la hernia y la muerte.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de crianças e adolescentes sobre dor crônica pós-operatória, vivenciada durante três anos após herniorrafia inguinal ambulatorial. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa. Crianças e adolescentes que referiram dor crônica pós-operatória foram convidados a partir de pesquisa quantitativa anterior. As entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado foram gravadas, transcritas e codificadas segundo a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Participaram 20 crianças e adolescentes. Eles atribuíram diferentes significados à dor crônica pós-operatória persistente, configurando uma experiência ruim, incômoda, intermitente e limitante, que isola socialmente, interfere nas atividades cotidianas, escolares e de lazer. O relato de dor foi subestimado e negligenciado pela equipe de saúde, familiares, professores e amigos das crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão: Crianças e adolescentes reconhecem a dor pós-operatória como dor persistente e parecem perceber que seu relato é subestimado e negligenciado pelos pais e professores. Adicionalmente, sentem-se responsáveis pela presença da dor que afeta dimensões psicológicas e sociais e impõe prejuízos e medo que remete ao retorno da hérnia e à morte.

The incidence of chronic pain following Cesarean section and associated risk factors: A cohort of women followed up for three months.

BACKGROUND: Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is one of the post-surgical complications of a Cesarean section. Despite the high rates of Cesarean section worldwide, the incidence of CPSP and the risk factors for this condition remain relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to calculate the incidence of CPSP in women submitted to Cesarean section and to analyze the associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort of 621 women undergoing Cesarean section was recruited preoperatively. Potential presurgical (sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle-related characteristics) and post-surgical risk factors (the presence and intensity of pain) risk factors were analyzed. Pain was measured at 24 hours and 7, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. Following discharge from hospital, data were collected by telephone. The outcome measure was self-reported pain three months after a Cesarean section. The risk factors for chronic pain were analyzed using the log-binomial regression model (a generalized linear model). RESULTS: A total of 462 women were successfully contacted 90 days following surgery. The incidence of CPSP was 25.5% (95%CI: 21.8-29.7). Risk factors included presurgical anxiety (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01-1.05), smoking (adjusted RR 2.22; 95%CI: 1.27-3.88) and severe pain in the early postoperative period (adjusted RR 2.79; 95%CI: 1.29-6.00). CONCLUSION: One in four women submitted to Cesarean section may develop CPSP; however, the risk factors identified here are modifiable and preventable. Preventive strategies directed towards controlling anxiety, reducing smoking during pregnancy and managing pain soon after hospital discharge are recommended.

Effectiveness of two bundles in venous leg ulcer healing: A randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 bundles in venous leg ulcer healing. This study is a open, randomized, controlled clinical trial with parallel treatment, 1:1 allocation rate, and 24-week follow-up. Twenty-eight patients with venous leg ulcers of the lower limbs were allocated to 2 groups: group A (n = 14) and group B (n = 14). The mean age of the participants was 59.67 ± 11.95 years, and the mean ulcer surface area was 29.32 (±98.43) cm2. The primary outcome was ulcer healing. Secondary outcomes were wound area reduction rate, Pressure Ulcer Scale of Healing (PUSH) scores, and the presence and intensity of pain before, during and after dressing change. Two different bundles were applied in 2 phases to the randomized groups. All participants engaged in an educational activity, performed exercises, rested with legs elevated, received oral nutrition supplementation (Cubitan; Danone Nutricia), and had their ulcers cleaned with warm saline solution and biguanide polyhexanide solution (Prontosan; B. Braun). Topical therapy in the first phase was papain 2% or 4% for group A and 2% hydrogel for group B. Both groups received single-layer elastic compression therapy (SurePress; ConvaTec). In the second phase, group A received compression therapy with Unna boot (Viscopaste; Smith-Nephew) as the primary dressing, while group B received a cellulose membrane (Membracel; Vuelo Pharma) followed by the Unna boot (Viscopaste; Smith-Nephew).In group A, 71.42% of the ulcers healed; in group B, the figure was 64.28%. Wound area, PUSH scores, and the occurrence and intensity of pain decreased significantly and equivalently in groups A and B.Both bundles are effective in the treatment of venous leg ulcers and pain relief.

Cross-cultural adaptation of Chronic Pain Coping Inventory - Brazilian version / Adaptação transcultural do Chronic Pain Coping Inventory - versão brasileira

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory is a widely used instrument to evaluate pain coping, however, there are no Brazilian publications about this tool. The objective of the study was to adapt the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory to the Brazilian culture. METHODS: According to the international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of measurement instruments, the study was developed in the stages: planning, translation, synthesis, analysis by an expert committee, back-translation, evaluation by the original author, discussion with lay people, pre-test and final evaluation. RESULTS: A pre-test of the consensus version approved by the committee was conducted with 59 people, resulting in the Brazilian Version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory adapted according to the Brazilian culture. A preliminary reliability analysis showed adequate values for the subscale of protection, ask for help, seek social support, coping self-statements and exercise/stretch. Its use in clinical practice and research shows a promising future towards a multidisciplinary pain management in Brazil. CONCLUSION: Future research is needed to determine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory and to confirm the need to include items related to religious practices, and the use of pharmacological methods and complementary therapies as coping strategies for chronic pain.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O Chronic Pain Coping Inventory trata-se de um instrumento largamente utilizado para a avaliação do enfrentamento de dor, no entanto, ainda não há publicações brasileiras sobre essa ferramenta. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar o Chronic Pain Coping Inventory para a cultura brasileira. MÉTODOS: De acordo com as diretrizes internacionais para a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de medida, o estudo foi desenvolvido nas etapas: planejamento, tradução, síntese, análise por comitê de especialistas, retrotradução, avaliação pelo autor original, discussão com leigos, pré-teste e avaliação final. RESULTADOS: Foi realizado o pré-teste da versão consensual aprovada pelo comitê em 59 pessoas, obtendo-se ao final o Chronic Pain Coping Inventory - Versão Brasileira adaptado conforme as nuances da cultura no Brasil. Análise preliminar da fidedignidade mostraram valores adequados para a subescala de proteção, pedido por ajuda, busca por suporte social, autoafirmações de enfrentamento e exercícios/alongamento. Seu uso na prática clínica e de pesquisa aponta futuro promissor para o avanço no manejo multidisciplinar da dor no Brasil. CONCLUSÃO: Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para determinar as propriedades psicométricas do Chronic Pain Coping Inventory - Versão Brasileira e confirmar a necessidade de inclusão de itens relacionados às práticas religiosas, e ao uso de métodos farmacológicos e terapias complementares como estratégias de enfrentamento da dor crônica.

Potential drug-drug interactions in older adults: A population-based study.

AIM: To evaluate the potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI) between drugs used by older adults, any associated factors and recommended clinical management. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out through a home survey of 934 older adults (from December 2009 to April 2010). A questionnaire was applied, and the participants were asked to show all the drugs used and their respective prescriptions, thus providing data to identify polypharmacy, self-medication and PDDI. PDDI, their consequences, severity and clinical management were identified using Micromedex. RESULTS: Overall, 2846 drugs and 665 PDDI were identified, 71.0% of which were moderate and 22.4% serious. The prevalence of PDDI was 36.9%. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index were involved in 17.0% of the PDDI. The variables female sex (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20), age ≥80 years (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.28), no polypharmacy (PR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.67-0.78) and no hospitalization in the past year (PR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.97) remained associated with the presence of three or more PDDI in the final multivariate analysis model. CONCLUSIONS: Most PDDI were related to routinely used drugs (enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, calcium, captopril, levothyroxine and simvastatin), and more than one-third of the older adults were exposed to PDDI with the possible risk of serious health consequences. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index were involved in several PDDI, with increased risk of toxicity. The clinical management procedures most recommended are dose adjustment and dosing changes, control of the drugs' serum levels, and monitoring of the clinical conditions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2336-2346.

Prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas autorreferidas segundo variáveis demográficas e de saúde: estudo transversal de idosos de Goiânia/GO / Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal diseases by demographic and health variables: cross-sectional study of elderly of Goiânia/GO

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas autorreferidas por idosos segundo variáveis demográficas, dor, autoavaliação de saúde e quedas. Métodos Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra probabilística de 934 idosos residentes em Goiânia, em Goiás. Aplicou-se um questionário padronizado e semiestruturado. Considerou-se doença musculoesquelética autorreferida pelo idoso como variável desfecho, enquanto as variáveis de exposição foram demográficas, autoavaliação de saúde, quedas, dor e atividade física. Para análise, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou Fisher e regressão de Poisson (valor de p<0,05). Resultados Dos 934 idosos, 62,2% eram mulheres, com média de 71,4 anos (±8,3). A prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas foi de 39,1% (IC95% 35,9-42,3), sendo as mais frequentes: osteoporose (24,6%), artrose (2,9%), reumatismo (1,2%) e artrite (0,6%). A prevalência foi superior nas mulheres (44,7%; p=0,000); faixa etária ≥80 anos (44,7%; p=0,002); autoavaliação de saúde ruim (55,9%; p=0,000); relato de dor (43,4%; p=0,001). Não houve associação entre doenças musculoesqueléticas e quedas (p=0,671) e sedentarismo (p=0,167). Conclusão Observaram-se elevada prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas nos idosos de elevada faixa etária e associação com autoavaliação de saúde ruim e relato de dor, o que sugere intervenções no controle das condições de saúde gerais.

Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders in elderlies according to demographic variables, pain, self-assessment of health and falls. Methods Cross-sectional and population-based study with a probabilistic sample of 934 seniors living in Goiania, GO. It was applied a standardized and semi-structured questionnaire. The outcome variable was self-reported musculoskeletal disorders by elderly and exposure were demographic, self-assessment health, falls, pain and physical activity. For analysis, we used the Chi-square test or Fisher and Poisson regression (value of p<0.05). Results We evaluated 934 elderly, 62.2% were women, average of 71.4 years (±8.3). The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 39.1% (95% CI -42.3 35.9), being the most frequent: osteoporosis (24.6%), arthritis (2.9%), rheumatism (1.2%) and arthritis (0.6%). The prevalence was higher in women (44.7%; p=0.000); age ≥ 80 years (44.7%; p=0.002); self-assessment of bad health (55.9%; p=0.000); report of pain (43.4%; p=0.001). There was no association between musculoskeletal disorders and falls (p=0.671) and sedentary (p=0.167). Conclusion We observed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly with high age group which suggests interventions in the control of the general health conditions and pain.

Predictors for Moderate to Severe Acute Postoperative Pain after Cesarean Section.

Background. Moderate to severe postoperative pain affects performance of daily activities and it contributes to persistent postoperative pain. In patients submitted to cesarean section, this pain can also interfere with women's ability to care for their babies, to effectively breastfeed, and to satisfactorily interact with their children. Factors influencing the pain perception during the immediate postoperative period have not been widely pursued. Objective. To investigate the incidence and predicting factors of postoperative pain after cesarean section. Methods. A prospective longitudinal study with 1,062 women submitted to cesarean section. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, surgical, and health behavior data. We used the 11-point Numerical Pain and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales. We performed logistic analysis to identify predictors of moderate to severe postoperative pain. Results. The incidence of moderate-severe postoperative pain was 78.4% (CI: 95%: 75.9%-80.8%). The preoperative anxiety (OR = 1.60; CI 95%: 1.22-2.30) and intrathecal morphine with fentanyl (OR = 0,23; CI 95%: 0.08-0.66) were significantly associated with moderate-severe postoperative pain report. Conclusion. The preoperative anxiety increases the risk of moderate-severe postoperative pain in women submitted to cesarean section. The intrathecal morphine with fentanyl added to bupivacaine was a protective factor against this pain.

Prevalence and factors associated with preoperative anxiety in children aged 5-12 years.

OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with preoperative anxiety in children who wait for outpatient surgery. METHOD: cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a prospective cohort study that investigates the predictors of postoperative pain in children aged 5-12 years submitted to inguinal and umbilical hernia repair. It was selected 210 children, which were interviewed in the preoperative holding area of a general hospital. Anxiety was evaluated using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed as exposure and anxiety (mYPAS final score>30) as outcome. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with preoperative anxiety. RESULTS: forty-two percent (42.0%) of children presented preoperative anxiety (CI95%: 35.7%-48.6%), with mean scores equal to 30.1 (SD=8.4). Factors associated with preoperative anxiety were: age group of 5-6 years (OR=2.28; p=0.007) and socioeconomic status classified as class C (OR=2.39; p=0.016). CONCLUSION: the evaluation of children who wait for outpatient surgery should be multidimensional and comprise information on age and socioeconomic status, in order to help in the identification and early treatment of preoperative anxiety. OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à ansiedade pré-operatória em crianças que aguardam cirurgia ambulatorial. MÉTODO: análise transversal de dados da linha de base de um estudo de coorte prospectiva que investiga os preditores de dor pós-operatória em crianças de 5 a 12 anos, submetidas à herniorrafia inguinal e umbilical. Foram selecionadas 210 crianças, entrevistadas na sala de espera de um hospital geral. Avaliou-se a ansiedade por meio da Escala de Ansiedade Pré-operatória de Yale Modificada (EAPY-m). Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas foram analisadas, como exposição e ansiedade (soma dos escores da EAPY-m>30) como desfecho. A regressão logística foi utilizada para identificar fatores associados à ansiedade pré-operatória. RESULTADOS: quarenta e dois por cento (42,0%) das crianças apresentaram ansiedade pré-operatória (IC95%:35,7%-48,6%), com média dos escores igual a 30,1 (dp=8,4). Os fatores associados à ansiedade pré-operatória foram faixa etária de 5 a 6 anos (OR=2,28; p=0,007) e classe socioeconômica C (OR=2,39; p=0,016). CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação de crianças que aguardam cirurgias ambulatoriais deve ser multidimensional e conter informações sobre a idade e o nível socioeconômico, com vistas a auxiliar a identificação e o tratamento precoce da ansiedade pré-operatória. OBJETIVO: estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la ansiedad preoperatoria en niños que aguardan cirugía ambulatoria. MÉTODO: análisis transversal de los datos de referencia de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo que investiga los predictores de dolor postoperatorio en niños de 5-12 años, sometidos a reparación de hernia inguinal y umbilical. Se seleccionaron 210 niños, entrevistados en la sala de espera de un hospital general. La ansiedad se evaluó por medio de la Escala de Ansiedad Preoperatoria de Yale Modificada (EAPY-m). Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, como exposición y ansiedad (suma de las puntuaciones de la EAPY-m>30) como resultado. Se utilizó regresión logística para identificar factores asociados con la ansiedad preoperatoria. RESULTADOS: cuarenta y dos por ciento (42.0%) de los niños presentaron ansiedad preoperatoria (IC95%: 35,7%-48,6%), con una puntuación media igual a 30,1 (DE=8,4). Los factores asociados con la ansiedad preoperatoria fueron grupo de edad de 5-6 años (OR=2,28; p=0,007) y clase socioeconómica C (OR=2,39; p=0,016). CONCLUSIÓN: la evaluación de los niños que aguardan cirugía ambulatoria debe ser multidimensional y contener información sobre la edad y el nivel socioeconómico, con el fin de ayudar a la identificación y el tratamiento precoz de la ansiedad preoperatoria.