Efectos bucales de la nuez de betel / Oral effects of the betel nut

La nuez de betel o nuez de areca es una semilla de la palmetra de betel (areca catechu), una de las plantas más polulares del mundo. Diversos pueblos asiáticos, por influencias culturales, tienen la costumbre de masticar la semilla de esta especie vegetal. Entre sus principios activos, la arecaina y la arecolina, son alcaloides comparables a la nicotina en los efectos nerviosos estimulantes. La sustancia activadora causa un relajamiento agradable en la boca, sensación que se propaga al sistema nervioso central. Sin embargo, masticar regularmente la nuez de betel, tiñe la saliva de rojo vivo y ennegrece los dientes, siendo extremadamente perjudicial para la salud oral, causando la pérdida precoz de dientes. A pesar de sus efectos maléficos, existe la dificultad de erradicar el hábito, debido a su carácter cultural, donde las manchas son motivo de orgullo. La agencia internacional de investigación del cáncer (IARC) clasifica a la nuez de betel como un cancerígeno, existiendo numerosos estudios que relacionen la costumbre con neoplasias bucales. El estudio tiene por finalidad realizar un análisis crítico sobre el uso de esta sustancia, buscando informar a la comunidad para prevenir sus efectos maléficos.

The betel nut or areca nut is the seed of the palm tree of bétele (areca catechu), one of the most popular plants of the world. Asians, by cultural influence, have the custom of chew the seed of this sort of vegetable. Between its active principles: arecaine and arecoline, they are alkaloids comparable to the nicotine in the neural stimulation effects. The active substance causes a pleasant relaxion sensation in the mouth, sensation that is extended to the central nervous system. However, chewing regularly betel nut dryes of red the saliva and blackens the teeth being extremely harmful to the mouth health causing early the loss of the teeth. Despite of the harmful effects, the difficulty to eliminate this habit is due to its deep cultural character. Chewing bétel nuts and have the teeth stained it's a motive of proud. The International Agency of Research of the Cancer (IARC) classifies the bétel nut as carcinogenic acquaintance, and the literature have many studies that relate this custom with the oral cancer. The study has as goal to do a critical analysis of the utilization of this substance, searching to inform to the community their bad effects.

Evaluation of the correlation between disc displacements and degenerative bone changes of the temporomandibular joint by means of magnetic resonance images.

The aim was to evaluate the correlation between disc displacements and degenerative bone changes in magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 112 patients of both genders, with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder. For this purpose, a calibrated examiner evaluated 224 MRI by assigning scores for the displacement of the disc and degenerative bone changes. Disc displacement was found in 58.42% of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) evaluated. Anterior displacement of the disc with reduction was the most common, occurring in 67.18% cases of joints with disc displacement. Degenerative bone changes were observed in 53.94% of the TMJs analysed. There was significant correlation between disc displacement with reduction and condylar flattening, disc displacement without reduction and condylar flattening, disc displacement without reduction, and associated degenerative bone changes (flattening and erosion, flattening, osteophyte and erosion; flattening and osteophytes, erosion and sclerosis, flattening and sclerosis, flattening, osteophytes and sclerosis). The correlation between advanced cases of disc displacement and the occurrence of degenerative bone changes emphasises the importance of MRI for an accurate diagnosis and development of an appropriate treatment plan and in cases in which clinical examination is not sufficient for these purposes.

Avaliação, por microtração, da resistência adesiva entre um cimento resinoso e uma cerâmica aluminizada com e sem o uso de um agente silanizador / Evaluation, by the microtensile test, of the bond strength between a resin cement and a alumina ceramic with and without the use of a silane coupling agent

A resistência adesiva entre uma cerâmica aluminizada (Procera) e um cimento resinoso (Panavia F), com e sem o uso de agente silanizador (Clearfil Porcelain Bond- Sistema Clearfil SE Bond) foi avaliada por ensaio de microtração. Foram confeccionados blocos de cerâmica do sistema Procera (15mmx6mmx6mm). Cada bloco foi dividido em 3 segmentos (5mmx6mmx6mm), os quais constituíram dois grupos: Grupo A- tratamento da superfície cerâmica com jato de Al2O3 e cimentação à um substrato resinoso com o cimento (Panavia F); Grupo B- tratamento da superfície da cerâmica com jato de Al2O3, silanização da mesma (Clearfil Porcelain Bond) e cimentação à um substrato resinoso (Panavia F). Os conjuntos cerâmica/cimento/resina foram armazenados em água destilada à temperatura de 37ºC por sete dias, após o que foram cortados de forma a se obter, para cada grupo, um total de 27 corpos-de-prova medindo 10mmx1mmx1mm e com área de avaliação adesiva de 1mm2 ± 0,1mm . Em seguida foram tracionados em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC DL 1000) com velocidade de 0,5mm/min até a ruptura. A análise estatística pelo método teste T (Student) dos dados obtidos mostrou que os valores da resistência adesiva (MPa) de GA (média 12,65 ± 2,75) e GB (16,47±3,38) diferiram estatisticamente (p < 5%). Concluímos que o uso do agente silanizador aumentou e resistência de união adesiva entre o cimento resinoso e a cerâmica estudados.

This study evaluated the adhesive bond strength between a alumina ceramic (Procera Allceram) and a resin cement (Panavia F), with and without the use of a silane coupling agent Clearfil SE Bond Sistem), using the microtensile bond strength test. Were made 2 ceramic blocks of Procera (15mmx6mmx6mm) and them they were cute in 3 smaller blocks (5mmx6mmx6mm) that formed two groups: Group A- surface treatment with Al2O3 and cimentation to a composite resin block using Panavia F resin cement; Group B- surface treatment with Al2O3, silanization with Clearfil Porcelain Bond and cimentation to a composite resin block using Panavia F resin cement. The ceramic/cement/resin blocks was stored at 37ºC in distilled water for one week. After this procedure the ceramic/cement/resin blocks was cute in samples. In each group there were 27 samples with the following dimensions: 10mmx1mmx1mm. The adhesive area was 1mm2±0,1mm2. The samples were submitted to a microtensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine (EMIC- DL 1000) with the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The statistical analysis using the T test (Student) showed us that Group A (mean 12.65±2.75) and Group B (mean 16.47±3.38) were statistically different (p< 5%). Its possible to conclude that the silane coupling agent increased the bond strength between the resin cement and the ceramic used in this study.