Survival analysis of Chagas disease patients, beneficiaries of social security and social assistance in Brazil, 1942-2016.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival of patients with Chagas disease, beneficiaries of social security and social assistance, in Brazil, from 1942 to 2016. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study with data from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security. The event of interest was death, and the survival functions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. RESULTS: In the period "onset of the disease until death", women (HR=0.54; 95%CI 0.43-0.53) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.13; 95%CI 0.11-0.23) were associated with longer survival. Lower survival was associated with the cardiac form of the disease (HR=2.64; 95%CI 2.23-3.12), living in a rural area (HR=1.23; 95%CI 1.14-1.21), and manifestation of the disease between the years 2000 and 2016 (HR=5.32; 95%CI 4.74-5.93). Likewise, in the period "work disability until death", women (HR=0.51; 95%CI 0.41-0.52) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.24; 95%CI 0,14-0.45) were associated with longer survival, as well as the cardiac form of the disease (HR=1.95; 95%CI 1.83-2.13), living in a rural area (HR=1.31; 95%CI 1.21-1.54), and manifestation of the disease between 2000 and 2016 (HR=1.53; 95%CI 1.33-1.71) were associated with lower survival. CONCLUSION: The main predictors of mortality and survival of patients with Chagas disease who receive social security and assistance benefits in Brazil were presented. These findings can guide the definition of priorities for follow-up actions by Primary Health Care, currently recommended for the longitudinal management of the disease.

Survival analysis of Chagas disease patients, beneficiaries of social security and social assistance in Brazil, 1942-2016 / Análise de sobrevida de portadores da doença de Chagas, beneficiários da previdência e da assistência social no Brasil, 1942-2016

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the survival of patients with Chagas disease, beneficiaries of social security and social assistance, in Brazil, from 1942 to 2016. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study with data from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security. The event of interest was death, and the survival functions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Results In the period "onset of the disease until death", women (HR=0.54; 95%CI 0.43-0.53) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.13; 95%CI 0.11-0.23) were associated with longer survival. Lower survival was associated with the cardiac form of the disease (HR=2.64; 95%CI 2.23-3.12), living in a rural area (HR=1.23; 95%CI 1.14-1.21), and manifestation of the disease between the years 2000 and 2016 (HR=5.32; 95%CI 4.74-5.93). Likewise, in the period "work disability until death", women (HR=0.51; 95%CI 0.41-0.52) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.24; 95%CI 0,14-0.45) were associated with longer survival, as well as the cardiac form of the disease (HR=1.95; 95%CI 1.83-2.13), living in a rural area (HR=1.31; 95%CI 1.21-1.54), and manifestation of the disease between 2000 and 2016 (HR=1.53; 95%CI 1.33-1.71) were associated with lower survival. Conclusion The main predictors of mortality and survival of patients with Chagas disease who receive social security and assistance benefits in Brazil were presented. These findings can guide the definition of priorities for follow-up actions by Primary Health Care, currently recommended for the longitudinal management of the disease.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a sobrevida de portadores da doença de Chagas, beneficiários da previdência e da assistência social no Brasil, 1942-2016. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com dados do Ministério da Previdência Social. O evento de interesse foi o óbito, e as funções de sobrevida foram estimadas pelos métodos Kaplan-Meier e de regressão de Cox. Resultados No período "início da doença até o óbito", o sexo feminino (HR=0,54; IC95% 0,43-0,53) e recebimento de benefícios previdenciários (HR=0,13; IC95% 0,11-0,23) foram associados a maior sobrevida. A menor sobrevida esteve associada à forma cardíaca da doença (HR=2,64; IC95% 2,23-3,12), residência em zona rural (HR=1,23; IC95% 1,14-1,21) e manifestação da doença entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 (HR=5,32; IC95% 4,74-5,93). Da mesma forma, no período "incapacidade laboral até o óbito", o sexo feminino (HR=0,51; IC95% 0,41-0,52) e o recebimento de benefícios previdenciários (HR=0,24; IC95% 0,14-0,45) foram associados a maior sobrevida, assim como forma cardíaca da doença (HR=1,95; IC95% 1,83-2,13), residência em zona rural (HR=1,31; IC95% 1,21-1,54) e manifestação da doença entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 (HR=1,53; IC95% 1,33-1,71) associaram-se a menor sobrevida. Conclusão Os principais preditores de mortalidade e sobrevida de portadores de doença de Chagas que recebem benefícios previdenciários e assistenciais no Brasil foram apresentados. Estes achados podem nortear a definição de prioridades de ações de acompanhamento pela atenção primária à saúde, preconizada atualmente para o manejo longitudinal da doença.

Cardiac and digestive forms of chronic Chagas disease in Brazilian social welfare, 2004-2016.

Introduction: Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with a chronic clinical course and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite a drastic reduction in the disease's incidence in Brazil in recent decades, older cases still impact the national social welfare system. Objectives: To analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of Brazilian social welfare beneficiaries affected by the cardiac and digestive forms of chronic Chagas disease between 2004 and 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data from the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Benefits were granted to 25,085 affected individuals, mostly men (15,812; 63%) with the cardiac form (20,424; 81.4%) who resided in urban areas (16,051; 64%). The highest relative frequency of benefits were granted in the Midwest macroregion (31.1/100,000 inhabitants). Male sex (odds ratios = 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.2), age 30-49 years (odds ratios = 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.1), residence in rural areas (odds ratios = 1.6; 95% CI 1.5-1.7) or the Southeast macroregion (odds ratios = 2.9; 95% CI 2.4-3.4) had the highest association with the cardiac form. Individuals with the cardiac form had a higher median age at disease onset (45 years; p < 0.001) but a lower age at work disability onset (50 years; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The impact of Chagas disease on Brazilian social welfare is mainly due to chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, which was mainly associated with men in their productive years who live in rural areas in Southeastern Brazil.

Introdução: A doença de Chagas é uma doença tropical negligenciada, de evolução crônica e com elevada morbimortalidade. Apesar da drástica redução na incidência da doença nas últimas décadas no Brasil, casos infectados no passado ainda impactam o sistema de seguridade social brasileiro. Objetivos: Analisar as características sociodemográficas de beneficiários da seguridade social brasileira acometidos pela doença de Chagas crônica nas formas clínicas cardíaca e digestiva no período de 2004 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social brasileiro. Empregou-se regressão logística para estimar odds ratio brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: Houve concessão de 25.085 benefícios, a maioria relacionada à forma cardíaca da doença de Chagas (20.424; 81,4%), ao sexo masculino (15.812; 63%) e residentes em áreas urbanas (16.051; 64%). A macrorregião Centro-Oeste apresentou maior frequência relativa de benefícios (31,1/100.000 habitantes). Sexo masculino (odds ratio = 1,2; IC95% 1,1-1,2), faixa etária entre 30 e 49 anos (odds ratio = 1,8; IC95% 1,4-2,1), residência em áreas rurais (odds ratio = 1,6; IC95% 1,5-1,7) ou na macrorregião Sudeste (odds ratio = 2,9; IC95% 2,4-3,4) foram as categorias das variáveis mais associadas à forma cardíaca. Indivíduos com a forma cardíaca apresentaram idade mediana maior no início da doença (45 anos; p < 0,001), porém menor no início da incapacidade laboral (50 anos; p = 0,01). Conclusões: O impacto da doença de Chagas na seguridade social brasileira decorre principalmente por causa da cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica. Essa forma clínica esteve associada principalmente a pessoas do sexo masculino, em idade produtiva importante, residentes em áreas rurais e da macrorregião Sudeste do Brasil.

Chagas disease and social welfare: characterization of the disease in the Brazilian social security and social assistance, 2004-2016. / Doença de Chagas e a seguridade social: caracterização da doença no sistema previdenciário e assistencial brasileiro, 2004-2016.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the sociodemographic profile of beneficiaries of Brazilian social welfare affected by Chagas disease and identify factors associated with the granting of assistance benefits, 2004 to 2016. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Logistical regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: 36,023 benefits were granted; 62.5% were to male; 67.0% to residents of urban areas; 46.7% to residents of Southeast region; 56.7% to people with chronic cardiac form; and 42.7% to the 50-59 age group. Residents of urban areas (OR = 134.9; 95%CI 78.0;233.2), Northeast macro-region (OR = 2.9; 95%CI 2.5;3.1), female (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.8;2.1) and age group 60 years or older (OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1,3;1,7) were factors associated with assistance benefits. CONCLUSION: Factors related to the area of residence, macro-region, sex and age group increased the chance of granting assistance benefits.

Doença de Chagas e a seguridade social: caracterização da doença no sistema previdenciário e assistencial brasileiro, 2004-2016 / Enfermedad de Chagas y la seguridad social: caracterización de la enfermedad en el sistema de seguridad y asistencia social brasileño, 2004-2016 / Chagas disease and social welfare: characterization of the disease in the Brazilian social security and social assistance, 2004-2016

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico de beneficiários da seguridade social brasileira com doença de Chagas e identificar fatores associados à concessão de benefícios assistenciais, 2004-2016. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados secundários do Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social. Empregou-se regressão logística para estimar as razões de chances (OR: odds ratios), brutas e ajustadas, e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Foram concedidos 36.023 benefícios: 62,5% a pessoas do sexo masculino; 67,0% para residentes de áreas urbanas; 46,7% para moradores da macrorregião Sudeste; 56,7% para pessoas com forma cardíaca crônica; e 42,7% para a faixa etária de 50-59 anos. Residir em áreas urbanas (OR = 134,9; IC95% 78,0;233,2), residir no Nordeste (OR = 2,9; IC95% 2,5;3,1), ser do sexo feminino (OR = 2,0; IC95% 1,8;2,1) e ter idade de 60 anos ou mais (OR = 1,6; IC95% 1,3;1,7) estiveram associados aos benefícios assistenciais. Conclusão: Fatores relacionados a zona de residência, macrorregião, sexo e faixa etária aumentaram a chance de concessão de benefícios assistenciais.

Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico de los beneficiarios de la seguridad social brasileña con enfermedad de Chagas e identificar los factores asociados a la concesión de beneficios asistenciales, de 2004 a 2016. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social. Se utilizó la regresión logística para estimar las razones de probabilidad (OR) brutas y ajustadas. Resultados: Se otorgaron 36.023 beneficios; 62,5% para el sexo masculino; 67,0% para residentes en áreas urbanas; 46,7% residentes del Sudeste; 56,7% para personas con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica; y 42,7% para personas de 50-59 años. Residir en áreas urbanas (OR = 134,9; IC95% 78,0;233,2), en el Nordeste (OR = 2,9; IC95% 2,5;3,1), ser de sexo femenino (OR = 2,0; IC95% 1,8;2,1) y tener de 60 años o más (OR = 1,6; IC95% 1,3;1,7) fueron factores asociados a las prestaciones asistenciales. Conclusión: Los factores relacionados con el local de residencia, sexo y grupo de edad aumentaron la posibilidad de otorgar beneficios asistenciales.

Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic profile of beneficiaries of Brazilian social welfare affected by Chagas disease and identify factors associated with the granting of assistance benefits, 2004 to 2016. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. Logistical regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: 36,023 benefits were granted; 62.5% were to male; 67.0% to residents of urban areas; 46.7% to residents of Southeast region; 56.7% to people with chronic cardiac form; and 42.7% to the 50-59 age group. Residents of urban areas (OR = 134.9; 95%CI 78.0;233.2), Northeast macro-region (OR = 2.9; 95%CI 2.5;3.1), female (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.8;2.1) and age group 60 years or older (OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1,3;1,7) were factors associated with assistance benefits. Conclusion: Factors related to the area of residence, macro-region, sex and age group increased the chance of granting assistance benefits.