RESUMO
Epigenetic modifications in histones are crucial for proper sperm physiology, egg activation and reproductive development of males. The objectives of this study were to determine the conservation and interactomes of histone three (H3) and ascertain the expression dynamics of acetylated and methylated H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac and H3K27me3) in spermatozoa from Holstein bulls with different fertility. Methods in immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the expression dynamics of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 in spermatozoa from 10 bulls with different in vivo fertility. Computational biology methods including Clustal Omega and Cytoscape were performed to determine the evolutionary conservation and interactome of H3. The post-translational modifications (PTM) of H3 (H3K27ac and H3K27me3) had different spatiotemporal dynamics in the sperm head. Intensities of methylation were higher than those of acetylation and inversely correlated between the two fertility groups (p = .0032). The interacting proteins of H3 are involved in critical subcellular processes such as regulation of methylation, nucleosome assembly, regulation of DNA replication and chromatin assembly. These results are significant because they help advance fundamental science and biotechnology of mammalian reproduction.
Assuntos
Metilação de DNA , Fertilidade/fisiologia , Histonas/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Acetilação , Animais , Bovinos , Cromatina/metabolismo , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Lisina , MasculinoRESUMO
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) are multipotent with abilities to differentiate into multiple lineages including connective tissue and neural cells. Despite unlimited opportunity and needs for human and veterinary regenerative medicine, applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are at present very limited. Furthermore, the fundamental biological factors regulating stemness in ASC and their stable differentiation into other tissue cells are not fully understood. The objective of this review was to provide an update on the current knowledge of the nature and isolation, molecular and epigenetic determinants of the potency, and applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, as well as challenges and future directions. The first quarter of the review focuses on the nature of ASC, namely their definition, origin, isolation and sorting methods and multilineage differentiation potential, often with a comparison to mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow. Due to the indisputable role of epigenetic regulation on cell identities, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and microRNAs) are described broadly in stem cells but with a focus on ASC. The final sections provide insights into the current and potential applications of ASC in human and veterinary regenerative medicine.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/transplante , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Medicina Regenerativa , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/transplante , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Humanos , Células Estromais/transplanteRESUMO
A patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis became infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through heterosexual transmission. After the primary phase of the HIV infection, persistent lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia developed. Over the ensuing 3 years, the signs and symptoms of inflammatory polyarthritis completely disappeared, and severe Sjögren's syndrome developed. HIV and its associated immune dysfunction may be responsible for these events.