RESUMO
Glioblastoma multiforme represents one of the most aggressive tumor of central nervous system. Current therapy includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. These treatments are rarely curative and glioma are associated with a poor prognosis. Nanomedicine represents the most innovative branch of medicine since many studies demonstrated great advantage in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases. In this review we will summarize the results obtained by the use of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma. A great interest is raising from these studies that underlined the efficacy and specificity of this treatment for glioma, reducing side-effects associated with conventional therapies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Glioblastoma/terapia , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Genética/métodos , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Lipossomos/química , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/química , Nanoconchas/química , Nanoconchas/uso terapêutico , Pontos QuânticosRESUMO
Bone is the principal site of metastasis for many carcinomas, including prostate. Once bone metastases are established, the chances of survival dramatically drop. Bone metastases place patients at increased risk of skeletal-related events, including pathologic fractures, bone pain and hypercalcemia. Indeed, skeletal metastases represent the prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality for many tumors. They are the result of interactions among tumour cells, bone marrow environment and bone cells (vicious cycle). In the last few years many efforts were undertaken to identify new therapeutic approaches for bone metastasis. Current therapies target the several players of bone vicious cycle. However many adverse effects are associated with these treatments. This review will focus on the new emerging sector of nanomedicine, that could be important to identify more specific and safe treatments for bone metastasis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ósseas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Nanopartículas/química , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malignant glial tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme, account for 15 - 20% of pediatric CNS malignancies. They are most resistant to therapy and are associated with a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: Given the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to affect glioma growth, we investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs on U87MG glioblastoma cells line. METHODS: EVs were isolated from culture media of MSCs from different sources, including bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord (UC) and adipose tissue (AT) and added to U87MG culture. The internalization and the effects of BM-, UC- and AT-MSC-EVs on proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells were evaluated. RESULTS: Both confocal microscopy and FACS analysis showed internalization of EVs into tumor cells. BM- and UC-MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation, while an opposite effect was observed with AT-MSC-EVs. Moreover, both BM- and UC-MSC-EVs induced apoptosis of glioblastoma cells, while AT-MSC-EVs had no effect. Loading UC-MSC-EVs with Vincristine further increased cytotoxicity when compared both to the free drug and to untreated EVs. CONCLUSIONS: Different effects of MSC-EVs on cancer cells were observed depending on their tissue of origin. Moreover, MSC-EVs can deliver antiblastic drugs to glioblastoma cells.