The Association Between Transverse Maxillary Deficiency and Septal Deviation in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence suggests that environmental factors impact craniofacial development. Specifically, the height and width of the maxilla may impact the degree of septal deviation. We sought to determine the relationship between transverse maxillary deficiency and severity of septal deviation. METHODS: A prospective cohort of adult sleep surgery patients were evaluated by standardized CT imaging. Primary outcomes evaluated the relationship of a narrow, high-arched palate (the palatal height to width ratio) with the degree of septal deviation at the level of the 1st premolar and 1st molar. Secondary outcome evaluated the relationship of the palatal height-to-width ratio and nasal obstruction. Both adjusted and unadjusted linear regression were performed, including correction for multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were included. On average, the cohort was middle aged (54.7 ± 12.7 years), obese (BMI 30.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2), predominantly male (74.2%), White (73.1%), and with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (AHI 30.0 ± 18.7 events/h). A moderate correlation was observed between both the relative and absolute inter-premolar palatal height and the degree of septal deviation at the inter-molar region. No significant correlation was observed between palatal dimensions and NOSE score. CONCLUSION: This study found that transverse maxillary deficiency is moderately associated with greater degree of septal deviation among a sample of OSA patients. This contributes to the concept that craniofacial development impacts the nasal airway, promoting a comprehensive evaluation of both endonasal and extranasal structures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:2464-2470, 2024.

Housing Insecurity and Other Syndemic Factors Experienced by Black and Latina Cisgender Women in Austin, Texas: A Qualitative Study.

Austin, Texas emerged as one of the fastest-growing cities in the U.S. over the past decade. Urban transformation has exacerbated inequities and reduced ethnic/racial diversity among communities. This qualitative study focused on housing insecurity and other syndemic factors among Black and Latina cisgender women (BLCW). Data collection from 18 BLCW using in-depth interviews guided by syndemic theory was conducted three times over three months between 2018 and 2019. Four housing insecurity categories emerged: (a) very unstable, (b) unstable, (c) stable substandard, and (d) stable costly. Participants who experienced more stable housing, particularly more stable housing across interviews, reported fewer instances of intimate partner violence (IPV), less substance use, and a reduced risk of acquiring HIV. Results identified the importance of exploring housing insecurity with other syndemic factors among BLCW along with determining structural- and multi-level interventions to improve housing circumstances and other syndemic factors. Future research should explore these factors in other geographic locations, among other intersectional communities, and among larger sample sizes and consider using a mixed methods approach.