"Secular trends (2001-2020) in physical fitness as a health component in physiotherapy students from Bydgoszcz (Poland)".

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the components of physical fitness that are conducive to the health of young people surveyed between 2001 and 2020. Hypotheses were formulated about an increase in the thickness of skinfolds, especially among women, the deterioration of the results of fitness tests and the lack of conditioning of the examined changes with socioeconomic factors. Every year, physiotherapy students at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Poland) were examined for body height and mass, skinfold thickness, flexibility, static strength, abdominal muscle strength, functional strength and endurance. The results were obtained from 1161 female students and 464 male students. Similar trends were observed for most of the studied characteristics in people of both sexes. In male students, secular trends towards a decrease in the thickness of biceps skinfolds (R2 = 0.455, p = 0.002) and lower leg skinfolds (R2 = 0.314, p = 0.015) were found. In female students, secular trends towards an increase in the body mass (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003), a decrease in the thickness of skinfolds over the biceps (R2 = 0.477, p = 0.001) and decreased flexibility (R2 = 0.283, p = 0.023) were found. Male sex and the thickness of suprailiac skinfolds were frequent predictors of the, assessed motor abilities and socioeconomic factors did not significantly affect their maintenance. The obtained results, except for a few secular trend examples of the somatic features (male student's age and calf skinfold, female student's body mass, male and female student's biceps skinfold) and flexibility in women, showed their stability and the lack of conditioning by social factors and by the fitness test. Attention to the appropriate level of the observed components is justified, especially in light of the identified trend that showed their deterioration.

Magnitude and pace of secular trends of body proportions among young adults with different place of origin, between 2001 and 2019.

The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence and pace of secular trends regarding body proportions among young adults representing different place of origin, studying in Bydgoszcz (Poland). The data constituted of the results of anthropometric measurements of 1,199 young adults (340 male and 859 female) performed between 2001 and 2019. Selected body build parameters were measured and the following indices were calculated on their basis: upper-limb index, lower-limb index, inter-limb index, chest depth-to-breadth ratio, pelvi-acromial index, reciprocal ponderal index. The place of origin was self-reported by the participants and recorded by the researchers. Based on that piece of information the participants were divided into two categories: villages and small cities, big cities. Considering the pace of the changes, they occurred the fastest for the pelvi-acromial index and the slowest in the case of the lower limb index, which concerned both urbanisation categories. Between 2001-05 and 2016-19 analysed changes generally occurred faster in the high-urbanisation category than in the low-urbanisation one, except for chest depth-to-breadth ratio and lower limb index in male participants as well as reciprocal-ponderal index and pelvi-acromial index among women. In conclusion, obtained results allow observing the changes in selected body proportions occurring over the years 2001-2019 in the population of young adults from Poland. Additionally, the findings can help identify and address risk factors related to specific proportions of the body and present in the contemporary population.

Long-term changes in physical fitness components determining the motor performance of young people studying physiotherapy in 2001-2020.

The aim of the study is to assess changes in basic somatic features and motor components of physical fitness of physiotherapy students in the years 2001-2020. Hypotheses were made about the lack of a secular trend in body height and weight, the deterioration of motor efficiency and the lack of conditioning of the examined changes by social factors. Every year, students of physiotherapy at Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Poland) were examined in terms of height, weight, chest circumference, balance, speed, power, agility and endurance. The results were obtained from 1161 female students and 464 male students. There was weight gain in the group of women (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.00314), deterioration of speed (for women R2 = 0.579, p = 0.001; for men R2 = 0.301, p = 0.0185) and deterioration of power (for women R2 = 0.51, p = 0.001, p = 0.001; for men R2 = 0.0432, p = 0.00303). The stability of the remaining features was also found, as well as the lack of their conditioning by social factors. Predictors of maintaining motor fitness were identified, i.e. male gender, fitness exam qualifying for studies and chest circumference. The creation of conditions and requirements encouraging greater care for the appropriate level of motor fitness of people undertaking physiotherapy studies seems justified. This observation may apply to other academia providing training for the profession of physiotherapist.

Long-Term Trends in Changes in Physical and Motor Development Observed among Physiotherapy Students from Bydgoszcz in 2011-2020.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to assess the changes in somatic and motor characteristics in adolescents studying physiotherapy from 2011-2020. It was hypothesized that there was no secular trend of morphological features, its maintenance in endurance, increased sexual dimorphism and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the observed characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Young people studying at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz were examined. Basic somatic features, endurance and coordination were measured. WHR, BMI and dimorphism indices were calculated based on the results from 538 female and 217 male examined students. RESULTS: There was a decrease in body height with an increase in body weight in relation to the values recorded in the years 2001-2010 (BMI: women D = 0.49, Z = 2.9192; men D = 0.93, Z = 3.5746; WHR women D = 0.01, Z = 2.88491; men D = 0.02, Z = 3.5746), an increase in sexual dimorphism and a significant increase in the waist circumference of women (R2 = 0.008, p (F) = 0.0353) year by year by 0.3099 cm (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results and the comparisons made allow us to assume that some people studying physiotherapy may have problems with meeting the standards that require physical effort.

Quality of Life in Yoga Practitioners-Research Conducted on a Population of Polish Yogis.

Background: The aim of the study is to determine the quality of life of a population of healthy adult yoga practitioners and the correlation between the features of yoga practice and the quality of life. Methods: A total of 300 people aged 35-50 years were examined and divided into two groups. The respondent (SG; n = 150) was a yoga practitioner, and the control (CG; n = 150) did not practice yoga. The original questionnaire and the quality-of-life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. The chi-square test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test and the linear regression model were used. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Yoga practitioners are characterised by a significantly greater overall satisfaction with the quality of life (U = 9794.50; p < 0.05), a higher level of health satisfaction (U = 9194.50; p < 0.01) and higher satisfaction with quality life in terms of the results of somatic domains (U = 7579.00; p < 0.001), psychological (U = 8554.00; p < 0.001) and environmental domains (U = 7919.5; p < 0.001). A relationship was observed between the experience of yoga practice and the assessment of the quality of life in terms of physical functioning. Conclusions: The practice of adult yoga positively influences the assessment of their quality of life in the physical, mental and environmental spheres.

Randomized-Controlled Trial Examining the Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Men after a Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Pilot Study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pelvic floor muscle training (PMFT) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in men after they received radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: From November 2018 to September 2019, patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were assessed for eligibility. A total of 37 men were then randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). The EG group received supervised exercise twice a week for 12 weeks, and the CG did not receive any intervention. To objectify the results obtained in both groups before and after the intervention, the authors assessed myostatin concentration. Moreover, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) was applied to assess the quality of life, and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used to measure depression severity. RESULTS: Study results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of myostatin concentration in the EG following the treatment and no statistically significant differences in this parameter in the CG. In addition, a comparison of the EPIC-26 scores in the EG at the initial and final assessments revealed a statistically significant improvement in the quality of life in each domain. A comparison of the EPIC-26 scores in the CG at the initial and final assessments showed there is a statistically significant decline in quality of life in the "overall urinary problem" and "sexual" domain. A comparison of the BDI-II scores at the initial and final assessments showed a statistically significant decline in depressive symptoms in the EG and no statistically significant differences in the CG. CONCLUSIONS: PFMT is an effective treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) in men who received radical prostatectomy.

10-Year Longitudinal Changes in Fitness Parameters in Physiotherapy Students.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine changes in the chosen morphological characteristics, motor conditioning, and coordination skills in physiotherapy undergraduates at a medical university in Bydgoszcz in the first decade of the millennium. We assume prevalence of a secular trend in values of morphological characteristics; however, characteristics of motor skills, particularly fitness levels, will remain relatively unchanged. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included young people studying physiotherapy at the medical university of Bydgoszcz 2001-2010. Basic morphological features, including waist and hip circumferences, were measured, and BMI and WHR were calculated. The Cooper test and marching over a distance of two kilometers were employed to determine endurance; right and left spinning coordination was assessed by Starosta test. Calculated Mollison indicators were used in the evaluation of dimorphic differences in subsequent observation time. Statistics. Data are presented as mean with the standard deviation. Groupwise comparison was performed with Student's t-test and linear relationships with Pearson's r. Linear covariance models (ANCOVA) were built as theoretical models. Statistical significance was set at alfa = 0.05. Based on the correlation between the data and the corresponding normal score used, the Shapiro-Wilk test is the best choice for testing the normality of data. Variables were excluded if they exceeded the tolerance level for multicollinearity. Analysis was performed with Statistica 10. RESULTS: The study demonstrated a rising number of male students (from 13,3% to 39,2%, chi2 = 10, 13; p = 0,001) and a decrease in age of students overall but no significant changes (from 22, 25 ± 0, 75 to 20, 42 ± 1, 7; F = 32, 9; p < 0,001) in their morphological characteristics and their dimorphic differences (average results for males: BMI, from 22, 25 ± 1, 94 to 26, 27 ± 3, 56; WHR index, from 0, 78 ± 0, 06 to 0, 85 ± 0, 06; average results for females: BMI, from 20, 79 ± 2, 11 to 22, 19 ± 3, 83; WHR index, from 0, 7 ± 0, 04 to 0, 75 ± 0, 15). An overall improvement in endurance was found; however, coordination, especially amongst women, had deteriorated (turn right, from 377,1 ± 48, 1 to 343,1 ± 23, 3; turn left, from 375,0 ± 5, 61 to 345,6 ± 43, 1). We observed multidirectional changes in the analyzed motor skills and most of them were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal study of physiotherapy students revealed no differences in morphological and dimorphic characteristics and multimodal changes in assessed motor skills, thus highlighting a need for further research into the identification of their causes. Moreover, a requirement for entry motor skills assessment and curriculum reorientation towards delivery of a broader scope of physical education was suggested.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) and Extracorporeal Magnetic Innervation (ExMI) in Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training and extracorporeal magnetic innervation in treatment of urinary incontinence in women with stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: The randomized controlled trial enrolled 128 women with stress urinary incontinence who were randomly allocated to either one out of two experimental groups (EG1 or EG2) or the control group (CG). Subjects in the experimental group 1 (EG1) received 12 sessions of pelvic floor muscle training, whereas subjects in the experimental group 2 (EG2) received 12 sessions of extracorporeal magnetic innervation. Subjects in the control group (CG) did not receive any therapeutic intervention. The following instruments were used to measure results in all study groups at the initial and final assessments: Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale (RUIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). RESULTS: In both experimental groups, a statistically significant decline in depressive symptoms (BDI-II) and an improvement in urinary incontinence severity (RUIS) and quality of life (KHQ) were found in the following domains: "social limitations," "emotions," "severity measures," and "symptom severity scale." Moreover, self-efficacy beliefs (GSES) improved in the experimental group that received ExMI (EG2). No statistically significant differences were found between all measured variables in the control group. Comparative analysis of the three study groups showed statistically significant differences at the final assessment in the quality of life in the following domains: "physical limitations," "social limitations," "personal relationships," and "emotions." Conclusion. Pelvic floor muscle training and extracorporeal magnetic innervation proved to be effective treatment methods for stress urinary incontinence in women. The authors observed an improvement in both the physical and psychosocial aspects.

The Impact Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training On Urinary Incontinence In Men After Radical Prostatectomy (RP) - A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in men after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published in years 2000-2019. We included randomized controlled trials in English which compare clinic-based vs home-based PFMT, preoperative and postoperative PFMT, supervised vs unsupervised PFMT, and PFMT alone vs no treatment at all. RESULTS: Eight articles were included in the final review. There was a total of 1078 patients aged 45-75 in all study groups. The study participants received radical retropubic prostatectomy or radical prostatectomy. Included studies assessed the following interventions: preoperative and postoperative PFMT, supervised vs home-based PFMT, unsupervised PFMT vs no treatment at all, and PFMT combined with resistance and flexibility exercises vs PFMT alone. CONCLUSION: PFMT is an effective treatment for urinary incontinence in men after radical prostatectomy. PFMT improves not only physical parameters but also the quality of life of men after RP.

A Randomized-Controlled Trial Pilot Study Examining the Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on the Irisin Concentration in Overweight or Obese Elderly Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on the irisin (Ir) concentration in overweight or obese elderly women with stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: The number of participants included in analysis was 49: 28 women in the experimental group and 21 women in the control group. The experimental group (EG) underwent pelvic floor muscle training, whereas no therapeutic intervention was applied to the control group (CG). Irisin concentration, severity of urinary incontinence (RUIS), and body mass index (BMI) were measured in all women at the initial and final assessments. RESULTS: By comparing the initial and final assessment results we have been able to demonstrate statistically significant differences in the measured variables in the experimental group. No statistically significant differences in the measured variables were reported for the control group at the initial and final assessments. Moderate negative correlation was observed between the BMI results with the irisin concentration results in the EG at the initial assessment and no correlation at the final assessment. Weak positive correlation was observed between the BMI results with the irisin concentration in the CG at the initial and final assessment. CONCLUSION: Further studies are necessary to observe the regulation of irisin concentration and explain mechanisms underlying these effects.

Rehabilitation of infants after transtibial amputation due to thrombosis in the perinatal period. Case report.

Congenital thrombosis and amputation in infancy is not common. Therefore, the existing literature lacks sufficient evidence regarding this subject. Available research primarily focuses on treatment and causes of thrombosis in children. The paper describes a case of preterm infant after transtibial amputation due to common iliac artery thrombosis during the perinatal period. The girl began neurodevelopmental therapy based on normal development patterns of infants, which was provided three times a week for 45 minutes. The rehabilitation process also included prosthesis and surgical interventions. The assessment of motor development of the child was carried out at the age of 6, 9, 12, 18 and 20 months, using the motor scale of the Albert Infants Motor Scale (AIMS). Case analysis allows to state that infant rehabilitation after transtibial amputation should be individualized, and focus on supporting normal motor development, based on the correct movement sequences of infants. Additionally, the AIMS scale can be used to assess the gross motor development in infants after amputation and is useful in formulating early therapeutic intervention. A prosthetist should perform prosthesis revisions as often as needed, i.e., in infants that is usually every 4 months. What is more, successful outcomes can be achieved by implementing proper surgical procedures regarding the appositional overgrowth of the residual limb in growing children.

A randomised-controlled trial pilot study examining the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on steroid hormone concentrations in elderly women with stress urinary incontinence.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we attempted to examine the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on testosterone and cortisol concentrations in elderly women with stress urinary incontinence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The number of participants included in the analysis was 59: 30 women in the experimental group (EG) and 29 women in the control group (CG). The EG underwent pelvic floor muscle training, whereas the CG did not receive any therapeutic intervention. In the present study the authors measured testosterone and cortisol concentrations as well as body mass index (BMI) in all study participants at the initial and final assessments. RESULTS: The initial and final assessment results were compared and showed a statistically significant decrease in cortisol concentration and an increase in testosterone concentration in the EG. However, no statistically significant differences in the measured variables were observed in the CG at the initial and final assessments. The authors did not report any statistically significant correlations between testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the BMI score in the EG and CG. Also, statistically significant correlations between testosterone and cortisol concentrations in the EG were not apparent. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of the concentration of testosterone and cortisol is a method that may help to objectify pelvic floor muscle training outcomes in elderly women with stress urinary incontinence.

The impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women, with a particular focus on the impact of this form of therapy on the patients' quality of life (QoL). METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (articles only in English, 1990-2017). Search terms were as follows: urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle training, pelvic floor exercises, quality of life. Systematic review methods were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. RESULTS: The assessment of the impact of PFMT on the QoL of women with UI was conducted among 2,394 women in 24 selected studies. After the end of treatment, the majority of patients in the experimental groups noted a statistically significant improvement in QoL. CONCLUSION: The results of this literature review demonstrate that PFMT is an effective treatment for UI in women. PFMT significantly improves the QoL of women with UI, which is an important determinant of their physical, mental, and social functioning.