Different Protein Sources of Larval Diet on the Rearing of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae): Biological and Nutritional Analyses.

Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered an important pest in Neotropical countries. The laboratory rearing of this species should reproduce conditions in nature; thus, special attention is required to the nutritional quality of diets for larval development. Protein components (wheat germ) are costly and account for most production costs in lab insect rearing. In this sense, this work aimed to identify ingredients to replace wheat germ, without compromising diet quality for the lab rearing of A. fraterculus. We tested diets composed of whole rice flour, corn flour, and a mixture of whole wheat flour + soybean flour as substitutes for wheat germ as well as a raw wheat germ diet, considered the control. The protein sources used in the larval diet influenced the biological performance of both the larval and adult stages of A. fraterculus during six generations. The diet containing corn flour and wheat germ showed similar results in the different developmental parameters. The diet with rice flour also provided adequate biological development for A. fraterculus throughout its life cycle and was nutritionally similar to the control. As it is local product, rice flour can replace wheat germ (costly imported product) in artificial diets for A. fraterculus, reducing production costs by roughly 30% without compromising the biological and nutritional parameters of the insects. Faced with this, the rice flour can be considered suitable for the mass rearing of A. fraterculus in the laboratory.

Correlation Between Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Clinical Data in Apical Granuloma.

INTRODUCTION: This study was intended to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines commonly secreted by CD4+ T cells (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TGF-ß, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in apical granulomas and correlate with the clinical conditions and time elapsed since root canal treatment. METHODS: Eighteen biopsy specimens obtained by periradicular surgery of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis and diagnosed as apical granuloma were available from the oral pathology laboratory. Silanized slides containing paraffin sections were used for immunohistochemical reactions. Images were analyzed by using an optical microscopy and each slide was subdivided into 5 fields at high magnification. RESULTS: IFN-γ and TGF-ß were the cytokines with the highest expression levels. There were statistically significant differences when comparing IL-2 and IFN-γ (P < .05), and IL-2 and TGF-ß (P < .05). Comparison between the detected cytokines and clinical data and time of treatment demonstrated significant correlation (P < .05) between lower expression of IL-2 and the presence of painful symptoms, absence of sinus tract, and treatments performed more than 4 years before. It was also possible to observe a significant correlation between lower expression of IL-5 and treatments performed less than 4 years before (P < .05). CONCLUSION: IFN-γ and TGF-ß were highly expressed in apical granulomas. However, only IL-2 and IL-5 levels were associated with clinical data and time since previous root canal treatment.

Desarrollo y validación del contenido de un instrumento para la atención de mujeres embarazadas con anemia de células falciformes / Development and Content Validation of an Instrument Covering Care for Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease / Desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo de instrumento para cuidados às gestantes com doença falciforme

Introdução: a escassez de debates sobre o cuidado de enfermagem às gestantes com doença falciforme no país e a urgente necessidade de intervenção e melhorias na assistência de enfermagem prestada às essas mulheres, motivaram este estudo. Além disso, em instrumentos para uso em pesquisa e/ou na prática clínica, a validade é um atributo essencial. Objetivo: desenvolver e validar um instrumento para cuidados às gestantes com doença falciforme. Materiais e método: estudo metodológico, de validação de conteúdo com juízas(es) especialistas. O instrumento foi estruturado com 19 diagnósticos de enfermagem que abordaram as dimensões biológica, psíquica e social, e 126 intervenções de enfermagem. Utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, com participação de 18 juízas(es). Os resultados foram analisados por meio do índice de validade de conteúdo e nível de concordância acima de 0,80. Resultados: dos 145 itens analisados, 22 (15,17 %) apresentaram índice de validade de conteúdo < 0,80, e os ajustes sugeridos pelas(os) juízas(es) foram implementados. O índice de validade de conteúdo geral do instrumento foi calculado em 0,87. O instrumento alcançou parâmetros aceitáveis de validade de conteúdo, segundo o critério utilizado. Conclusões: destaca-se o potencial do instrumento, que pode ser aprimorado a partir do seu uso, como recurso na orientação das práticas de enfermagem voltadas às mulheres grávidas com doença falciforme, nos âmbitos da atenção primária à saúde e da rede hospitalar.

Introducción: la escasez de debates sobre la atención de enfermería a gestantes con anemia de células falciformes en el país y la urgente necesidad de intervención y mejora de los cuidados de enfermería prestados a esas mujeres motivaron la realización de este estudio. Además, la validez es un atributo esencial en los instrumentos para uso en investigación y/o práctica clínica. Objetivo: elaborar y validar un instrumento de atención a gestantes con anemia de células falciformes. Material y método: estudio metodológico, de validación de contenido con jueces/as expertos/as. El instrumento se estructuró con 19 diagnósticos de enfermería que abordaban las dimensiones biológica, psicológica y social, y 126 intervenciones de enfermería. Se utilizó la técnica Delphi, con la participación de 18 jueces/as. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando el índice de validez de contenido y un nivel de acuerdo superior a 0,80. Resultados: de los 145 ítems analizados, 22 (15,17 %) tenían un índice de validez de contenido < 0,80, y se aplicaron los ajustes sugeridos por los/las jueces/as. El índice global de validez de contenido del instrumento se calculó en 0,87. El instrumento alcanzó parámetros de validez de contenido aceptables, según los criterios utilizados. Conclusiones: se destaca el potencial del instrumento, que puede ser perfeccionado a través de su utilización como recurso para orientar las prácticas de enfermería dirigidas a gestantes con anemia de células falciformes, tanto en la atención primaria de salud como en la red hospitalaria.

Introduction: The lack of discussions on nursing care for pregnant women with sickle cell disease in Brazil and the urgent need for intervention and improvements in the nursing care provided to these women sparked this study. In addition, validity is an essential attribute for instruments used in research and/or clinical practice. Objective: To develop and validate an instrument covering the care of pregnant women with sickle cell disease. Materials and methods: This is a methodological, content validation study conducted with specialist judges. The instrument was structured with 19 nursing diagnoses that addressed the biological, psychological, and social dimensions, as well as 126 nursing interventions. The Delphi technique was used with the participation of 18 judges. The results were analyzed using the content validity index and a level of agreement above 0.80. Results: Of the 145 items analyzed, 22 (15.17 %) scored a content validity index < 0.80, and the adjustments suggested by the judges were implemented. The instrument's general content validity index was calculated at 0.87. The instrument reached acceptable content validity parameters, according to the criteria used. Conclusions: The instrument's potential stands out, and it can be improved through its use as a resource for guiding nursing practices directed to pregnant women with sickle cell disease, both in primary health care and in hospital networks.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy in chondrocyte response by in vitro experiments and experimental model of osteoarthritis in the knee of rats.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in chondrocyte response by in vitro experiments and cartilage repair using an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee of rats. The in vitro experiment was performed with chondrocyte cells, and they were divided into two groups: non-irradiated and irradiated with PBM (808 nm; 0.8 J or 1.4 J). Then, cell proliferation was evaluated after 1, 3, and 5 days. The experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) was performed in the knee of 64 Wistar rats, and they were assorted into control group (CG), PBM (808 nm; 1.4 J). The results of in vitro showed that PBM 1.4 J increased cell proliferation, on days 1 and 5. However, after 3 days was demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation in PBM 0.8 J. The in vivo experiment results demonstrated, on histological analysis, that PBM presented less intense signs of tissue degradation with an initial surface discontinuity at the superficial zone and disorganization of the chondrocytes in the cartilage region when compared to CG, after 4 and 8 weeks. These findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR analysis which showed that PBM increased IL-4, IL-10, COL-2, Aggrecan, and TGF-ß which are anabolic factors and acts on extracellular matrix. Also, PBM reduces the IL1-ß, an inflammatory marker that operates as a catabolic factor on articular cartilage. In conclusion, these results suggest that PBM may have led to a return to tissue homeostasis, promoting chondroprotective effects and stimulating the components of the articular tissue.

Atenção primária à saúde e covid-19: desafios para universidades, trabalhadores e gestores em saúde / Atención primaria de salud y covid-19: desafíos para las universidades, los trabajadores de la salud y los gerentes / Primary health care and covid-19: challenges for universities, health workers and managers

Objetivo: descrever experiência do grupo de apoio à Atenção Primária à Saúde, do Comitê de Enfermagem para Enfrentamento da COVID-19 em uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil. Método: coleta de informações nas unidades de saúde sobre estrutura física, planos de ação, fluxos de atendimentos e força de trabalho, entre março e maio de 2020. Resultados: problemas identificados em 46 unidades, tais como: fragilidades na vigilância em saúde; estrutura física para atender usuários com e sem sintomas respiratórios; inadequação de equipamentos de proteção individual; afastamento de profissionais infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2; capacitação insuficiente para as demandas. Foram disponibilizados às unidades: materiais de apoio técnico-científico, espaços virtuais de debates, encaminhamento de demandas trabalhistas, materiais para adequar rotinas dos serviços e recomendações para instância superior da gestão municipal de saúde. Considerações finais: condições precárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde implicam em desestruturação de resposta adequada em momentos de emergências sanitárias.

Objetivo: describir la experiencia del grupo de apoyo a la atención primaria de salud del Comité de Enfermería para combatir el COVID-19 en una capital del noreste de Brasil. Método: recopilación de información en las unidades de salud sobre estructura física, planes de acción, flujos de atención y fuerza laboral, entre marzo y mayo de 2020. Resultados: problemas identificados en 46 unidades, tales como: debilidades en la vigilancia de la salud; estructura física para ayudar a los usuarios con y sin síntomas respiratorios; insuficiencia de equipos de protección individual; eliminación de profesionales infectados con SARS-CoV-2; insuficiente creación de capacidad para las demandas. Se pusieron a disposición de las unidades: materiales de apoyo técnico-científico, espacios virtuales de debates, derivación de demandas laborales, materiales para adaptar rutinas de servicios y recomendaciones para la superior instancia de la gestión sanitaria municipal. Consideraciones finales: las condiciones precarias de atención primaria de salud implican la desorganización de la respuesta adecuada en tiempos de emergencias sanitarias.

Objective: to describe the experience of the primary health care support group of the Nursing Committee to Combat COVID-19 in a capital of northeastern Brazil. Method: collection of information in health units about physical structure, action plans, care flows and workforce, between March and May 2020. Results: problems identified in 46 units, such as: weaknesses in health surveillance; physical structure to assist users with and without respiratory symptoms; inadequacy of personal protective equipment; removal of professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2; insufficient capacity building for the demands. The following were made available to the units: technical-scientific support materials, virtual spaces of debates, referral of labor demands, materials to adapt routines of services and recommendations for higher instance of municipal health management. Final considerations: precarious conditions of Primary Health Care imply the disorganization of adequate response in times of health emergencies.

Animal assisted intervention for oncology and palliative care patients: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Animal assisted interventions (AAI) have been used in different contexts including oncology/palliative care and can improve mood, quality of life and wellness. The goal of this review was to evaluate studies about AAI and its effects on oncological/palliative care patients. METHODS: The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Lilacs databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles that measured quantitatively the health-related outcomes of an AAI on oncological/palliative care patients. RESULTS: Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Benefits related to the AAI were described. Mood, pain perception and quality of life seemed to be the variables that had improvement with the intervention. Due to the small sample sizes/heterogeneous methodologies, additional analyses could not be performed. CONCLUSIONS: AAI can be an important tool for improving psychosocial/physiological parameters in cancer/palliative care patients. Further well designed studies are needed to provide a better knowledge of the AAI benefits in this setting.

Contents related to nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the Youtube™ platform.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the content of Youtube™ videos related to nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: a qualitative study that examined 47 videos on Youtube™ posted between 11/03 and 11/04 2020, which were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS: four categories emerged: "the role of nurses in care production during the pandemic", which addresses the management of services and individual care; "Overview of the pandemic from the perspective of nurses in different countries", presenting experiences and encouraging physical distance; "Tributes and motivation to mobilize the category", in addition to targeted tributes, calls for nurses to claim their rights; "Criticisms and demands to improve working conditions", which highlights the insecurity of care provision settings. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: nursing work conditions in different countries, recognition of the importance of professionals during the pandemic, and claims of the category to improve working conditions were the main content found on Youtube™.

Cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages in Xenopus laevis.

BACKGROUND: The efficient regenerative abilities at larvae stages followed by a non-regenerative response after metamorphosis in froglets makes Xenopus an ideal model organism to understand the cellular responses leading to spinal cord regeneration. METHODS: We compared the cellular response to spinal cord injury between the regenerative and non-regenerative stages of Xenopus laevis. For this analysis, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histological staining of the extracellular matrix. We generated two transgenic lines: i) the reporter line with the zebrafish GFAP regulatory regions driving the expression of EGFP, and ii) a cell specific inducible ablation line with the same GFAP regulatory regions. In addition, we used FACS to isolate EGFP+ cells for RNAseq analysis. RESULTS: In regenerative stage animals, spinal cord regeneration triggers a rapid sealing of the injured stumps, followed by proliferation of cells lining the central canal, and formation of rosette-like structures in the ablation gap. In addition, the central canal is filled by cells with similar morphology to the cells lining the central canal, neurons, axons, and even synaptic structures. Regeneration is almost completed after 20 days post injury. In non-regenerative stage animals, mostly damaged tissue was observed, without clear closure of the stumps. The ablation gap was filled with fibroblast-like cells, and deposition of extracellular matrix components. No reconstruction of the spinal cord was observed even after 40 days post injury. Cellular markers analysis confirmed these histological differences, a transient increase of vimentin, fibronectin and collagen was detected in regenerative stages, contrary to a sustained accumulation of most of these markers, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the NR-stage. The zebrafish GFAP transgenic line was validated, and we have demonstrated that is a very reliable and new tool to study the role of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs). RNASeq of GFAP::EGFP cells has allowed us to clearly demonstrate that indeed these cells are NSPCs. On the contrary, the GFAP::EGFP transgene is mainly expressed in astrocytes in non-regenerative stages. During regenerative stages, spinal cord injury activates proliferation of NSPCs, and we found that are mainly differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Specific ablation of these cells abolished proper regeneration, confirming that NSPCs cells are necessary for functional regeneration of the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS: The cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages is profoundly different between both stages. A key hallmark of the regenerative response is the activation of NSPCs, which massively proliferate, and are differentiated into neurons to reconstruct the spinal cord. Also very notably, no glial scar formation is observed in regenerative stages, but a transient, glial scar-like structure is formed in non-regenerative stage animals.

Influence of a High-fat Diet in the Progression of Apical Periodontitis.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the progression of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. METHODS: Eight-week old Wistar rats (N = 24) were included in this study. Half of the animals received an HFD and the other half a control diet (CD). AP lesions were induced 8 weeks later by creating pulp exposure of the mandibular left first molars. The animal's body mass was verified on a weekly basis. After 21 and 40 days, the animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected for biochemical tests, and the liver was removed for hepatic triglycerides analysis. The left hemimandibles were removed, radiographed, and then prepared for histologic evaluation. The right hemimandibles (region near molars) were removed for bone mineral density analysis by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Radiographs showed that AP lesions were significantly larger in the HFD group compared with the CD group (P < .05). Histologic analysis confirmed that the AP lesions were larger and revealed a more severe inflammatory infiltrate in the HFD group. Bone mineral density was reduced in the HFD group compared with the CD groups (P < .05). The HFD resulted in a significant increase in body mass (P < .05), liver mass (P < .05), relative liver mass (P < .05), and hepatic triglycerides (P < .05). The levels of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein were significantly higher in the 40-day HFD group compared with the 21-day HFD and 21- and 40-day CD groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that an HFD can influence the progression and severity of AP.

Contents related to nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the Youtube™ platform / Contenido relacionado conlosprofesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia COVID-19 enla plataforma Youtube™ / Conteúdos relacionados a profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na plataforma Youtube™

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the content of Youtube™ videos related to nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: a qualitative study that examined 47 videos on Youtube™ posted between 11/03 and 11/04 2020, which were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: four categories emerged: "the role of nurses in care production during the pandemic", which addresses the management of services and individual care; "Overview of the pandemic from the perspective of nurses in different countries", presenting experiences and encouraging physical distance; "Tributes and motivation to mobilize the category", in addition to targeted tributes, calls for nurses to claim their rights; "Criticisms and demands to improve working conditions", which highlights the insecurity of care provision settings. Final considerations: nursing work conditions in different countries, recognition of the importance of professionals during the pandemic, and claims of the category to improve working conditions were the main content found on Youtube™.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar el contenido de losvideos de Youtube ™ relacionados com los profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: um estudio cualitativo examinó 47 videos en YouTube ™ publicados entre el 03/11 y el 04/11 2020, que fueron sometidos a análisis temático. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías: "Protagonismo del enfermero em laproducción de cuidados durante la pandemia", que aborda lagestión de losservicios y laatención individual; "Panorama de la pandemia desde la perspectiva de enfermeras en diferentes países", presentando experiencias y fomentando la distancia física; "Homenajes y motivación para movilizar lacategoría", además de homenajes focalizados, llama a las enfermeras a reclamar sus derechos; "Críticas y demandas por lamejora de las condiciones laborales", mostrando los escenarios de inseguridad en la prestación de cuidados. Consideraciones finales: condiciones laborales de enfermería en diferentes países, reconocimiento a la importancia de los profesionales durante la pandemia y demandas de la categoría para mejorarlas condiciones laborales fueron los principales contenidos encontrados en Youtube™.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar os conteúdos dos vídeos do Youtube™ relacionados aos profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo examinou 47 vídeos no YouTube™ postados entre 11/03 e 11/04 de 2020, os quais foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias: "Protagonismo das enfermeiras na produção do cuidado durante a pandemia", que aborda a gestão dos serviços e o cuidado individual; "Panorama da pandemia na perspectiva das enfermeiras em diferentes países", apresentando experiências e estimulando o distanciamento físico; "Homenagens e motivação para mobilização da categoria", além de homenagens dirigidas traz convocatória para enfermeiras reivindicarem seus direitos; "Críticas e reivindicações para melhoria das condições de trabalho", evidenciando a insegurança dos cenários de prestação de cuidados. Considerações finais: condições de trabalho de enfermagem em diferentes países, reconhecimento da importância das profissionais durante a pandemiae reivindicações da categoria para melhorar condições de trabalho foram os principais conteúdos encontrados no Youtube™.

Qualidade de vida após o transplante renal: revisão integrativa / Quality of life after kidney transplantation: integrative review / Calidad de vida después del trasplante renal: revisión integrativa

Objective:To analyze how the literature presents the quality of life in renal transplant patients. Methods: base review study: MEDLINE, LILACS and SCIELO. The descriptors kidney Transplantation and quality of life were used, combined with the boolean operator and. After considering the criteria, 15 articles were fully analyzed.Results: the publications showed that the transplantation contributes to the improvement of the patient's quality of life, although, compared to the general population, this quality is lower. Factors such as: presence of comorbidities, transplantation time, educational level and psychological aspects influence the patient's view of their quality of life.Conclusion: the quality of life after transplantation is surrounded by multiple aspects and particularities. Finding the benefits of transplantation for the renal patient does not exempt the possibility of negative dimensions that may compromise the perception of quality of life

Objetivo: Analisar como a literatura apresenta a qualidade de vida em paciente transplantado renal. Métodos: estudo de revisão nas bases: MEDLINE, LILACS e SCIELO. Utilizou-se os descritores "Kidney Transplantation" e "Quality of Life", combinando-se com o operador booleano AND. Após consideração dos critérios, foram analisados integralmente 15 artigos. Resultados: As publicações evidenciaram que o transplante contribui para melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente, ainda assim, se comparado à população geral essa qualidade é inferior. Fatores como: presença de comorbidades, tempo de transplante, nível de escolaridade e aspectos psicológicos influenciam a visão que o paciente possui da sua qualidade de vida. Conclusão: a qualidade de vida após o transplante é envolta de múltiplos aspectos e particularidades. A constatação dos benefícios do transplante para o doente renal, não isenta a possibilidade da existência de dimensões negativas as quais podem comprometer a percepção da qualidade de vida.

Objetivo: Analizar cómo la literatura presenta la calidad de vida en pacientes con trasplante renal.Métodos: estudio de revisión base: MEDLINE, LILACS y SCIELO. Se utilizaron los descriptores trasplante de riñón y calidad de vida, combinados con el operador booleano and. Después de considerar los criterios, 15 artículos fueron completamente analizados. Resultados: las publicaciones mostraron que el trasplante contribuye a la mejora de la calidad de vida del paciente, aunque, en comparación con la población general, esta calidad es menor. Factores como: presencia de comorbilidades, tiempo de trasplante, nivel educativo y aspectos psicológicos influyen en la visión del paciente sobre su calidad de vida.Conclusión: la calidad de vida después del trasplante está rodeada de múltiples aspectos y particularidades. Encontrar los beneficios del trasplante para el paciente renal no exime la posibilidad de dimensiones negativas que pueden comprometer la percepción de la calidad de vida

Princípios, desafios e perspectivas dos cuidados paliativos no contexto da equipe multiprofissional: revisão da literatura / Principios, desafíos y perspectivas de los cuidados paliativos en el contexto del equipo multiprofesional: revisión de la literatura / Principles, challenges and perspectives of palliative care in the context of the multiprofessional team: literature review

Resumo: Cuidados paliativos são ações que visam aliviar o sofrimento e favorecer a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças que ameaçam a existência. O estudo objetivou o levantamento da produção científica sobre práticas e perspectivas dos profissionais de saúde envolvendo os cuidados paliativos. Revisão de literatura nas bases: SciELO, LILACS e Medline atendendo o período de 2010 a 2015. Descritores: "Cuidado Paliativo" e "Equipe Multidisciplinar". Avaliou-se integralmente 14 artigos, sendo estes dispostos em categorias: Princípios e práticas que norteiam assistência da equipe ao paciente em cuidado paliativo; Os desafios conceituais e metodológicos das equipes multiprofissionais na prática dos cuidados paliativos; Perspectiva da equipe nas situações de iminência de morte do paciente. Conclui-se que, apesar da vasta produção sobre cuidados paliativos, o foco voltado à visão dos profissionais, apesar de essencial à assistência tem sido voltado de forma preeminente para o tecnicismo da prática.

Resumen: Los cuidados paliativos son acciones que buscan aliviar el sufrimiento y favorecer la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedades que amenazan la existencia. El estudio objetivó el levantamiento de la producción científica sobre prácticas y perspectivas de los profesionales de salud involucrando los cuidados paliativos. Revisión de literatura en las bases: SciELO, LILACS y Medline atendiendo el período de 2010 a 2015. Descriptores: "Cuidado Paliativo" y "Equipo Multidisciplinar". Se evaluó integralmente 14 artículos, siendo estos dispuestos en categorías: Principios y prácticas que orientan asistencia del equipo al paciente en cuidado paliativo; Los desafíos conceptuales y metodológicos de los equipos multiprofesionales en la práctica de los cuidados paliativos; Perspectiva del equipo en las situaciones de inminencia de muerte del paciente. Se concluye que, a pesar de la vasta producción sobre cuidados paliativos, el enfoque orientado a la visión de los profesionales, aunque esencial a la asistencia se ha vuelto de forma preeminente al tecnicismo de la práctica.

Abstract: Palliatives cares are actions that your goal is to alleviate suffering and promote the quality of life of patients with life-threatening diseases. The study aimed at the data's survey about the scientific production on practices and perspectives of health professionals involving palliative care. Literature review at the bases: SciELO, LILACS and Medline covering the period from 2010 to 2015. Descriptors: "Palliative Care" and "Multidisciplinary Team". A total of 14 articles were fully evaluated, which are categorized as follows: Principles and practices that guide team assistance with patients in palliative care; The conceptual and methodological challenges of multi-professional teams in the practice of palliative care; Perspective of the team in situations of patient's imminence of death. It is concluded that, despite the vast production about palliative care, the focus on professional's vision, although essential to care, has been preeminently focused on the technicality of practice.

Overexpression of Lin28a delays Xenopus metamorphosis and down-regulates albumin independently of its translational regulation domain.

BACKGROUND: Lin28 regulates stem cell biology and developmental timing. At the molecular level Lin28 inhibits the biogenesis of the micro RNA let-7 and directly controls the transcription and translation of several genes. In Xenopus, Lin28 overexpression delays metamorphosis and affects the expression of genes of the thyroid hormone (TH) axis. The TH carrier albumin, synthesized by the liver, is down-regulated in limbs and tail after Lin28 overexpression. The molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between Lin28, let-7, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid gland (HPT) axis are unknown. RESULTS: We found that precursor and mature forms of let-7 increase during Xenopus metamorphosis. In the liver, lin28b is down-regulated and albumin is up-regulated during metamorphosis. Overexpression of a truncated form of Lin28a (Lin28aΔC), which has been shown not to interact with RNA helicase A to regulate translation, delays metamorphosis, indicating that the translational regulation domain is not required to inhibit the HPT axis. Importantly, both full length Lin28a and Lin28aΔC block the increase of albumin mRNA in the liver independently of changes in TH signaling. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Lin28 delays metamorphosis through regulation of let-7 and that the decrease of the TH carrier albumin is one of the early changes after Lin28 overexpression.

Adaptação transcultural para o português do instrumento Patient Dignity Inventory / Cross-cultural adaptation to portuguese of the Patient Dignity Inventory Instrument

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação transcultural, para o português (Brasil), do instrumento canadense Patient Dignity Inventory. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico. Estima-se a população de 125 participantes, em três contextos diferentes (dois hospitais e atendimento domiciliar), e será realizada a aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico, de instrumento de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e do inventário a ser adaptado transculturalmente do Patient Dignity Inventory ­ PDI. Avaliar-se-ão os dados resultantes dos instrumentos utilizados com o auxílio de um software informatizado para a análise estatística. Resultados esperados: espera-se, por meio dos resultados obtidos, que o inventário seja adaptado de acordo com os parâmetros científicos da literatura, alcançando coeficientes de confiança acima de 0,8, caracterizando em um instrumento de alta eficácia ao que se pretende medir.(AU)

Objective: to perform the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese (Brazil) of the Canadian instrument Patient Dignity Inventory. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study. The population of 125 participants is estimated in three different contexts (two hospitals and home care), and a sociodemographic questionnaire, a quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-Bref) and the inventory to be adapted transcultaneously from the Patient Dignity Inventory - PDI. Data resulting from the instruments used shall be evaluated using computerized software for statistical analysis. Expected results: it is expected, through the results obtained, that the inventory be adapted according to the scientific parameters of the literature, reaching confidence coefficients above 0.8, characterizing in an instrument of high efficacy that one intends to measure.(AU)

Objetivo: realizar la adaptación transcultural, al portugués (Brasil), del instrumento canadiense Patient Dignity Inventory. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico. Se estima la población de 125 participantes, en tres contextos diferentes (dos hospitales y atención domiciliaria), y se realizará la aplicación de cuestionario sociodemográfico, de instrumento de calidad de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) y del inventario a ser adaptado transculturalmente del Patient Dignity Inventory - PDI. Se evaluarán los datos resultantes de los instrumentos utilizados con la ayuda de un software informatizado para el análisis estadístico. Resultados esperados: se espera, por medio de los resultados obtenidos, que el inventario sea adaptado de acuerdo con los parámetros científicos de la literatura, alcanzando coeficientes de confianza por encima de 0,8, caracterizando en un instrumento de alta eficacia al que se pretende medir.(AU)

Scaffolds of bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate®) and bone healing: A biological evaluation in an experimental model of tibial bone defect in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the in vivo tissue response of the Biosilicate® scaffolds in a model of tibial bone defect. Sixty male Wistar rats were distributed into bone defect control group (CG) and Biosilicate® scaffold group (BG).  Animals were euthanized 15, 30 and 45 days post-surgery. Stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histopathological, immunohistochemistry and biomechanical analysis were used. Scaffolds had a total porosity of 44%, macroporosity of 15% with pore diameter of 230 µm. Higher amount of newly formed bone was observed on days 30 and 45 in BG. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the COX-2 expression was significantly higher on days 15 and 30 in BG compared with the CG. RUNX-2 immunoexpression was significantly higher in BG on days 15 and 45. No statistically significant difference was observed in RANKL immunoexpression in all experimental groups. BMP-9 immunoexpression was significantly upregulated in the BG on day 45. Biomechanical analysis showed a decrease in the biomechanical properties of the bone callus on days 30 and 45. The implantation of the Biosilicate® scaffolds was effective in stimulating newly bone formation and produced an increased immunoexpression of markers related to the bone repair.

Correction: Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194190.].

Cellular composition and organization of the spinal cord central canal during metamorphosis of the frog Xenopus laevis.

Studying the cellular composition and morphological changes of cells lining the central canal during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis could contribute to understand postnatal development and spinal cord regeneration. Here we report the analysis of central canal cells at different stages during metamorphosis using immunofluorescence for protein markers expression, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and cell proliferation assays. The central canal was regionalized according to expression of glial markers, ultrastructure, and proliferation in dorsal, lateral, and ventral domains with differences between larvae and froglets. In regenerative larvae, all cell types were uniciliated, have a radial morphology, and elongated nuclei with lax chromatin, resembling radial glial cells. Important differences in cells of nonregenerative froglets were observed, although uniciliated cells were found, the most abundant cells had multicilia and revealed extensive changes in the maturation and differentiation state. The majority of dividing cells in larvae corresponded to uniciliated cells at dorsal and lateral domains in a cervical-lumbar gradient, correlating with undifferentiated features. Neurons contacting the lumen of the central canal were detected in both stages and revealed extensive changes in the maturation and differentiation state. However, in froglets a very low proportion of cells incorporate 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), associated with the differentiated profile and with the increase of multiciliated cells. Our work showed progressive changes in the cell types lining the central canal of Xenopus laevis spinal cord which are correlated with the regenerative capacities.

Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Perceived time constraints have been highlighted in sociological studies as representing a core issue in determining quality of life. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that gender inequalities regarding insufficiency of time play a role in the development of overweight and obesity in adults. The study used baseline data (2008-2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), which monitors a cohort of 15,105 civil servants of 35 to 74 years of age. Insufficient time for personal care and leisure due to professional and domestic duties, as detailed in a structured questionnaire, comprised the main exposure variable. The outcome variable was overweight/obesity measured according to body mass index. Prevalence ratios were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. A greater proportion of women compared to men reported insufficient time for personal care and leisure (34.5% versus 23.8%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight was greater in men, while obesity was more common in women. Insufficient time for personal care and leisure was associated with overweight (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.61) and obesity (PR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.28-2.12) only in women working over 40 hours/week. No significant association was found for males. These results suggest that the length of the working week influences factors underlying weight gain, possibly issues linked to behavior and/or stress mechanisms. The fact that such an association was restricted to women suggests that the results originate from gender inequalities involving relationships between time and health. The findings of this study provide data on which to base public policies aimed at encouraging the redistribution of domestic responsibilities in the direction of gender equity, as well as macrosocial policies such as providing public schools for workers' children.

Fatores relacionados à queda de pacientes em um hospital público: percepção de coordenadores de enfermagem / Factors related to patient's fall in a public hospital: perception of nursing coordinatiors / Factores relacionados con la caída de los pacientes en un hospital público: percepciones de coordinadores de enfermería

O artigo analisa a percepção de coordenadores de enfermagem dos setores assistenciais quanto aos fatores relacionados à queda de pacientes. É um estudo exploratório, descritivo, realizado em hospital público de grande porte e alta complexidade, da Cidade de Salvador (BA). Foram entrevistados 16 coordenadores de enfermagem. Os participantes apontaram, como fatores relacionados à ocorrência de quedas: a) referentes ao paciente: confusão mental e desorientação (44%), não solicitação de auxílio da enfermagem (31%) e sonolência (25%); b) relacionados ao ambiente: uso inadequado de equipamentos ou ausência de grades no leito (50%); c) relacionados à terapêutica medicamentosa: uso de tranquilizantes, sedativos e hipnóticos (44%); e d) relacionados aos cuidados de enfermagem: a falta de ações preventivas (50%), anamnese incompleta (44%). Como consequências das quedas foram citados traumatismos cranianos e exames de alto custo. Tais resultados sugerem que os coordenadores de enfermagem têm clara percepção quanto aos fatores e consequências relacionados à queda de pacientes. Implantar o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente pode contribuir para melhoria dos processos assistenciais e redução do risco de quedas. Além disso, são necessários investimentos em infraestrutura física, a modernização de equipamentos, a implantação e uso de protocolos e a adoção de uma cultura organizacional centralizada na segurança do paciente.

The main objective was to analyze the perception of nursing coordinators of welfare sectors regarding factors related to patient falls. An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in a big and complex Public Hospital in Salvador (BA). An amount of 16 nursing coordinators were interviewed. The answers indicated as factors related to falls: a) regarding the patient: mental confusion and disorientation (44%), the not request of nursing aid (31%) and somnolence (25%); b) regarding the environment: inappropriate equipment or absence of bed rails (50%); c) regarding drug therapy: use of tranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics (44%) and d) regarding nursing care: lack of preventive actions (50%), incomplete anamnesis (44%) and inadequate care of patients at risk of falling (6 %). As consequence of the falls were cited head injuries and expensive exams. The results suggest that the nursing coordinators have clear perception on factors and consequences related to the falls. Implementing the National Patient Safety Program can contribute to the improvement of nursing processes and to the reduction of the risk of falls. In addition, investments are needed in physical infrastructure, in modernization of equipment, in deployment and use of protocols and in the adoption of an organizational culture focused on the patient's safety.

El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de los coordinadores de enfermería de los sectores de bienestar con respecto a los factores relacionados con la caída de pacientes. Es estudio exploratorio, descriptivo en un hospital público de grande y alta complejidad, en la ciudad de Salvador (BA). Los encuestados señalaron los factores relacionados con caídas: a) para el paciente: confusión mental y desorientación (44%); no solicitar la asistencia de enfermería (31%) y somnolencia (25%). b) en relación con el entorno: uso inadecuado del equipo o falta de barandillas en la cama (50%). El uso incorrecto del equipo o la ausencia de las barandillas de cama (50%). c) en relación con la terapia con medicamentos: el uso de tranquilizantes, sedantes e hipnóticos (44%) y d) en relación con la atención: la falta de acciones preventivas (50%), anamnesis incompleta (44%) y la atención inadecuada con los pacientes que tienen riesgo de caídas (6%). Como consecuencia de las caídas fueron nombrados lesiones en la cabeza y exámenes de alto costo. Estos resultados sugieren que los coordinadores de enfermería tienen una percepción clara de los factores y consecuencias relacionadas con caídas de pacientes. La implementación del Programa Nacional de Seguridad del Paciente puede contribuir a mejorar los procesos de atención y reducir el riesgo de caídas. Además, se necesitan inversiones en infraestructura física, la modernización del equipo, el despliegue y el uso de protocolos y la adopción de una cultura organizacional enfocada en la seguridad del paciente.

Tissue microarray: physical and chemical parameters involved in the construction of recipient blocks / Microarranjo de tecidos: parâmetros físicos e químicos envolvidos na construção dos blocos receptores

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tissue microarray (TMA) is considered an innovative method in several fields, with a great diversity of applications and advantages over traditional histomorphometric techniques. The most important advantage that TMA offers is the simultaneous evaluation of a large number of specimens from a limited source of material. However, TMA exhibits a high rate of non-viable samples in the final stages of the process, which compromise their use in analyzes that can not be repeated. Objective: Considering this disadvantage, the objective of this study was to optimize the methodology to maximize the viability of the samples, as well as to increase the efficiency of the technique. Material and methods: For this purpose, several variables involved in the construction of the recipient blocks, including paraffin composition, diameter, spacing distance, localization and type of the tissue samples in the block were tested in order to establish correlations between the quality of the values and the parameters studied. Results: The results showed that the blocks built with polymer-enriched paraffin, subjected to the fusion protocol at 37ºC, associated to a tempering, and constructed with one millimeter diameter samples and 1000 µm spacing between tissues, produced slides whith superior features. Conclusion: The data obtained from the physical and chemical adjustments of the TMA recipient blocks provided vital information that, when applied in TMA research projects, may reduce the losses associated with the method.

RESUMO Introdução: O microarranjo tecidual (MAT) é considerado um método inovador em vários campos, com uma vasta diversidade de aplicações e vantagens em relação às técnicas histomorfométricas clássicas. A vantagem mais importante que o MAT oferece é a avaliação simultânea de um grande número de espécimes de uma fonte limitada de material. Contudo, ele apresenta uma taxa elevada de amostras não viáveis nos estádios finais do processo, o que compromete sua utilização em análises que não podem ser repetidas. Objetivos: Considerando essa desvantagem, o objetivo deste estudo foi otimizar a metodologia para maximizar a viabilidade das amostras, bem como aumentar a eficiência da técnica. Material e métodos: Para tanto, foram testadas várias variáveis envolvidas na construção dos blocos receptores, como composição da parafina, diâmetro, distância de espaçamento, localização e tipo das amostras de tecido no bloco, a fim de estabelecer correlações entre a qualidade dos valores e os parâmetros estudados. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que os blocos construídos com parafina enriquecida em polímero, submetidos ao protocolo de fusão a 37ºC, acoplados a ciclos de aquecimento e resfriamento e construídos com amostras de um milímetro de diâmetro e espaçamento entre os tecidos de 1000 µm, produziram lâminas com características superiores. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos dos ajustes físicos e químicos dos blocos de receptores de MAT forneceram informações vitais que, quando aplicadas em projetos de pesquisa de MAT, podem reduzir as perdas associadas ao método.