Alertas para uso de antimicrobianos terapêuticos / Alerts for use of therapeutic antimicrobials

O OBJETIVO deste trabalho é descrever o processo de funcionamento dos alertas para dias de utilização de antimicrobianos terapêuticos e analisar o impacto da implantação destes alertas nas suspensões dos itens. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi conduzido na Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês em Março de 2015, onde se implementou um programa de controle de antimicrobianos terapêuticos que consistiu nas seguintes intervenções: Apresentação de alertas e análise dos dados de DDD (Dose Diária Definida) nas UTIs. CONCLUSÃO: Pode se dizer que o uso de alertas para dias de utilização de antimicrobianos terapêuticos na prescrição eletrônica associado à intervenção educativa por um infectologista, preservando a autonomia do médico prescritor foram eficazes na redução do consumo de antimicrobiano sem um hospital privado de corpo clínico aberto.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the operating procedure for alerts to day use of therapeutic antimicrobials and analyze the impact of the implementation of these alerts in the suspensions of the items. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês in March 2015, which implemented a therapeutic antimicrobial control program that consisted of the following interventions: Presentation alertsand analysis of DDD data (Defined Daily Dose) ICUs. CONCLUSION: It can be said that the use of alerts for days of use of therapeutic antimicrobials in CPOE associated with educational intervention for infectious disease, preserving the autonomy of the prescribing physician were effective in reducing antimicrobial consumption in a private hospital to open medical staff.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es describir el procedimiento de funcionamiento de los alertas de día de uso de los antimicrobianos terapéuticos y analizar el impacto de la aplicación de estas alertas en las suspensiones de los mismos. MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó en la Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês en 2015 de marzo, lo que puso en práctica un programa de control antimicrobiano terapéutico que constaba de las siguientes intervenciones: alertas de presentación y análisis de los datos DDD (dosis diaria definida) en las UCIs. CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede decir que el uso de alertas para los días de uso de antimicrobianos terapéuticos en CPOE asociado con la intervención educativa para las enfermedades infecciosas, la preservación de la autonomía del médico que prescribe fueron efectivos para reducir el consumo de antimicrobianos en un hospital privado de cuerpo clínico abierto.

The Impact of Implementing a New Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) System on Pharmaceutical Interventions in a Tertiary Brazilian Hospital.

We analyzed trends in pharmaceutical interventions during the implementation of a new computerized physician order entry (CPOE) process in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. The new process utilized an eletronic interface that was designed in-house and an automatic order extension program. The new process reduced the number of order transcriptions and mitigated other potential CPOE-related errors [1].

[Is the ICU staff satisfied with the computerized physician order entry? A cross-sectional survey study]. / A equipe da UTI está satisfeita com o prontuário eletrônico do paciente? Um estudo transversal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the satisfaction of the intensive care unit staff with a computerized physician order entry and to compare the concept of the computerized physician order entry relevance among intensive care unit healthcare workers. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess the satisfaction of the intensive care unit staff with the computerized physician order entry in a 30-bed medical/surgical adult intensive care unit using a self-administered questionnaire. The questions used for grading satisfaction levels were answered according to a numerical scale that ranged from 1 point (low satisfaction) to 10 points (high satisfaction). RESULTS: The majority of the respondents (n=250) were female (66%) between the ages of 30 and 35 years of age (69%). The overall satisfaction with the computerized physician order entry scored 5.74±2.14 points. The satisfaction was lower among physicians (n=42) than among nurses, nurse technicians, respiratory therapists, clinical pharmacists and diet specialists (4.62±1.79 versus 5.97±2.14, p<0.001); satisfaction decreased with age (p<0.001). Physicians scored lower concerning the potential of the computerized physician order entry for improving patient safety (5.45±2.20 versus 8.09±2.21, p<0.001) and the ease of using the computerized physician order entry (3.83±1.88 versus 6.44±2.31, p<0.001). The characteristics independently associated with satisfaction were the system's user-friendliness, accuracy, capacity to provide clear information, and fast response time. CONCLUSION: Six months after its implementation, healthcare workers were satisfied, albeit not entirely, with the computerized physician order entry. The overall users' satisfaction with computerized physician order entry was lower among physicians compared to other healthcare professionals. The factors associated with satisfaction included the belief that digitalization decreased the workload and contributed to the intensive care unit quality with a user-friendly and accurate system and that digitalization provided concise information within a reasonable time frame.

A equipe da UTI está satisfeita com o prontuário eletrônico do paciente? Um estudo transversal / Is the ICU staff satisfied with the computerized physician order entry? A cross-sectional survey study

Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva com o prontuário eletrônico do paciente e comparar a relevância do conceito de registro eletrônico de ordens médicas entre os profissionais de saúde da unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal de levantamento para avaliar a satisfação da equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva com o prontuário eletrônico do paciente em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica e cirúrgica para pacientes adultos com 30 leitos, utilizando um questionário de autopreenchimento. As questões utilizadas para graduar os níveis de satisfação foram respondidas segundo uma escala numérica, que variava de 1 (baixo grau de satisfação) a 10 pontos (elevado grau de satisfação). Resultados: As pessoas que responderam ao questionário (n=250) eram, em sua maioria, do gênero feminino (66%) com idades entre 30 e 35 anos (69%). O grau geral de satisfação com o prontuário eletrônico do paciente foi de 5,74±2,14 pontos. O grau de satisfação foi mais baixo entre os médicos (n=42) do que entre enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, terapeutas respiratórios, farmacêuticos clínicos e nutricionistas (4,62±1,79 em comparação com 5,97±2,14; p<0,001); o grau de satisfação decresceu com a idade (p<0,001). Os médicos tiveram níveis mais baixos de satisfação com relação ao potencial do sistema de registro eletrônico de ordens médicas de melhorar a segurança do paciente (5,45±2,20 em comparação com 8,09±2,21; p<0,001) e facilidade de uso do sistema de registro eletrônico de ordens médicas (3,83±1,88 em comparação com 6,44±2,31; p<0,001). As características com ...

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction of the intensive care unit staff with a computerized physician order entry and to compare the concept of the computerized physician order entry relevance among intensive care unit healthcare workers. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess the satisfaction of the intensive care unit staff with the computerized physician order entry in a 30-bed medical/surgical adult intensive care unit using a self-administered questionnaire. The questions used for grading satisfaction levels were answered according to a numerical scale that ranged from 1 point (low satisfaction) to 10 points (high satisfaction). Results: The majority of the respondents (n=250) were female (66%) between the ages of 30 and 35 years of age (69%). The overall satisfaction with the computerized physician order entry scored 5.74±2.14 points. The satisfaction was lower among physicians (n=42) than among nurses, nurse technicians, respiratory therapists, clinical pharmacists and diet specialists (4.62±1.79 versus 5.97±2.14, p<0.001); satisfaction decreased with age (p<0.001). Physicians scored lower concerning the potential of the computerized physician order entry for improving patient safety (5.45±2.20 versus 8.09±2.21, p<0.001) and the ease of using the computerized physician order entry (3.83±1.88 versus 6.44±2.31, p<0.001). The characteristics independently associated with satisfaction were the system's user-friendliness, accuracy, capacity to provide clear information, and fast response time. Conclusion: Six months after its implementation, healthcare workers were satisfied, albeit not entirely, with the computerized physician order entry. The overall users' satisfaction with computerized physician order entry was lower among physicians compared to other healthcare professionals. The factors associated with satisfaction included the belief that digitalization ...

The epidemiology of acute respiratory failure in hospitalized patients: a Brazilian prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with the development of acute respiratory failure (ARF) and death in a general intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults who were hospitalized at 12 surgical and nonsurgical ICUs were prospectively followed up. Multivariable analyses were realized to determine the risk factors for ARF and point out the prognostic factors for mortality in these patients. RESULTS: A total of 1732 patients were evaluated, with an ARF prevalence of 57%. Of the 889 patients who were admitted without ARF, 141 (16%) developed this syndrome in the ICU. The independent risk factors for developing ARF were 64 years of age or older, longer time between hospital and ICU admission, unscheduled surgical or clinical reason for ICU admission, and severity of illness. Of the 984 patients with ARF, 475 (48%) died during the ICU stay. Independent prognostic factors for death were age older than 64 years, time between hospital and ICU admission of more than 4 days, history of hematologic malignancy or AIDS, the development of ARF in ICU, acute lung injury, and severity of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Acute respiratory failure represents a large percentage of all ICU patients, and the high mortality is related to some preventable factors such as the time to ICU admission.

Partitioning evolutive standard base excess determinants in septic shock patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The amount of metabolic acidosis measured through the standard base excess (SBE) has been shown to be an outcome marker and its improvement has been associated with better survival. We studied the mechanism of standard base excess variation in the first three days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay through the evaluation of independent variables of physico-chemical approach. METHODS: Data were retrieved from our prospective collected data base from patients with diagnosis of septic shock, daily up to the third day after the ICU admission. Single correlations between SBE and independent variables were performed as well as a mathematical multilinear model was built to disclose the SBE variation determinants. RESULTS: We have shown that in septic shock patients the standard base excess variation during the first three days of ICU stay is weakly correlated to strong ion gap (SIG), lactate, creatinin and PaCO2 when individually analyzed. Analyzing concomitantly those independent variables, we built a mathematical model with a stepwise multilinear regression composed by apparent strong ion difference (SIDa), SIG, PaCO2, albumin and diuresis that resulted in a R² coefficient of 0.866 to determine SBE variation. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of metabolic acidosis measured through the standard base excess in septic shock patients when analyzed until the third day after intensive care unit admission, is resultant of interaction of several independent determinants as PaCO2, diuresis, SIG, SIDa and albumin.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A acidose metabólica diagnosticada pela mensuração do standard base excess (SBE) é indicadora de maior mortalidade e sua melhora temporal é associada à maior sobrevida em pacientes críticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi esclarecer o mecanismo de variação do SBE, em pacientes com choque séptico, durante os três primeiros dias de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), através da avaliação físico-química do equilíbrio ácido básico. MÉTODO: Os dados foram coletados de pacientes com choque séptico a partir de um banco de dados, prospectivamente, diariamente até o terceiro dia de internação na UTI. Correlações entre o SBE e outras variáveis físico-químicas independentes foram realizadas, assim como um modelo matemático multilinear foi desenhado para revelar os determinantes independentes da variação do SBE. RESULTADOS: A variação do SBE em pacientes sépticos nos primeiros três dias de internação na UTI foi fracamente correlacionado ao strong ion gap (SIG), lactato, albumina, creatinina e PaCO2 quando analisados individualmente. Quando analisados de forma concomitante, as variáveis albumina, strong ion difference (SIDa), SIG, PaCO2 e diurese foram independentemente associados à variação do SBE com um coeficiente de determinação de 0,866. CONCLUSÔES: A variação do SBE durante os três primeiros dias de internação na UTI foi resultante da interação de alguns fatores independentes como PaCO2, diurese, SIG, SIDa e albumina.

Partitioning evolutive standard base excess determinants in septic shock patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The amount of metabolic acidosis measured through the standard base excess (SBE) has been shown to be an outcome marker and its improvement has been associated with better survival. We studied the mechanism of standard base excess variation in the first three days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay through the evaluation of independent variables of physico-chemical approach. METHODS: Data were retrieved from our prospective collected data base from patients with diagnosis of septic shock, daily up to the third day after the ICU admission. Single correlations between SBE and independent variables were performed as well as a mathematical multilinear model was built to disclose the SBE variation determinants. RESULTS: We have shown that in septic shock patients the standard base excess variation during the first three days of ICU stay is weakly correlated to strong ion gap (SIG), lactate, creatinin and PaCO2 when individually analyzed. Analyzing concomitantly those independent variables, we built a mathematical model with a stepwise multilinear regression composed by apparent strong ion difference (SIDa), SIG, PaCO2, albumin and diuresis that resulted in a R² coefficient of 0.866 to determine SBE variation. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of metabolic acidosis measured through the standard base excess in septic shock patients when analyzed until the third day after intensive care unit admission, is resultant of interaction of several independent determinants as PaCO2, diuresis, SIG, SIDa and albumin.

Evolutive standard base excess and serum lactate level in severe sepsis and septic shock patients resuscitated with early goal-directed therapy: still outcome markers?

PURPOSE: To compare the evolution of standard base excess and serum lactate level between surviving and non surviving patients with severe sepsis and septic shock resuscitated with early goal-directed therapy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in an intensive care unit of a university tertiary hospital where 65 consecutive severe sepsis and septic shock patients were observed without any intervention in the treatment by the authors of this report. RESULTS: In our study, the mortality of severe sepsis and septic shock patients was 38%. The central venous oxygen saturation of both groups was above 70% after the resuscitative period, excluding the second day of the non survivors group (69.8%). After the second day, the central venous oxygen saturation was significantly higher in the survivors group (P < .001). Standard base excess was initially low in both groups, but from the second day on, the correction of standard base excess was significantly more successful and linear in the survivor group (P < .001). Lactate levels were similar during the evolution of both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although evolutive standard base excess and serum lactate level are still outcome markers in severe sepsis and septic shock patients resuscitated with early goal-directed therapy, other studies must be performed to clarify if hemodynamic interventions based on standard base excess and serum lactate level could be reliable to improve clinical outcomes in severe sepsis and septic shock patients.

Evolutive standard base excess and serum lactate level in severe sepsis and septic shock patients resuscitated with early goal-directed therapy: still outcome markers?

OBJETIVO: Comparar a evolução do "standard base excess" e o nível de lactato sérico entre pacientes sobreviventes e não sobreviventes com sepse grave ou choque séptico reanimados com o "early goal directed therapy". MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital escola onde sessenta e cinco pacientes com sepse grave e choque séptico foram observados sem intervenções. RESULTADOS: Em nosso estudo, a mortalidade na sepse grave e choque séptico foi de 38%. A saturação venosa central de oxigênio nos dois grupos foi maior que 70% depois da reanimação, exceto no segundo dia no grupo dos pacientes não sobreviventes (69,8%). Depois do segundo dia, a saturação venosa central foi significantemente maior no grupo dos sobreviventes (p<0.001). O "standard base excess" foi inicialmente baixo em ambos os grupos, mas a partir do segundo dia a recuperação do "standard base excess" foi significantemente mais importante e linear no grupo dos sobreviventes (p<0.001). Os níveis de lactato foram similares na evolução dos dois grupos. DISCUSSÃO: O "standard base excess" e o lactato são ainda considerados como marcadores prognósticos em pacientes com sepse grave ou choque séptico reanimados de acordo com o "early goal directed therapy". Outros estudos devem ser realizados com a intenção de demonstrar se intervenções hemodinâmicas baseadas no "standard base excess" e nos níveis de lactato podem ser úteis em melhorar desfechos clínicos em pacientes com sepse grave ou choque séptico.