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In recent years, the diagnosis and understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are gaining better understanding. As MASLD shares common risk factors with CVD, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, research increasingly identifies it as a potential independent risk factor for CVD. The exact mechanisms linking MASLD to CVD remain complex and multifaceted, involving metabolic, inflammatory, and vascular pathways. Current cardiology guidelines recognize the significant association between MASLD and CVD, advocating its integration into cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Despite the progress, gaps persist in understanding underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and the representation of diverse populations in epidemiological studies. The review illuminates the clinical implications of the MASLD-CVD link and identifies directions for future research.
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INTRODUCTION: The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) might be linked with elevated cardiovascular risk. There is a lack of data showing the prevalence of LUTS in the population of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of LUTS in patients hospitalized due to a cardiovascular disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients hospitalized in a tertiary cardiology department due to a primary diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease, heart failure and arrhythmia) were included in the study. All patients were screened for LUTS and assessed using the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). RESULTS: From 166 patients (age 62.8 ±12.1 years), moderate to severe LUTS was diagnosed in 62 patients (37.3%). Patients with LUTS were significantly older, but there were no other factors associated with LUTS. When we divided patients according to LUTS severity, we saw an increasing prevalence of arterial hypertension (69.5% vs 72.9% vs 100%), diabetes mellitus (29.5% vs 33.3% vs 38.5%), coronary artery disease (68.6% vs 72.9% vs 92.3%), but the observations were not statistically significant. Patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher severity of LUTS compared to patients with arrhythmia or heart failure (mean IPSS 8.88 vs 5.6 vs 5.5, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LUTS in patients with cardiovascular diseases is high, affecting 37.3% of the studied population. Patients with coronary artery disease have significantly higher severity of LUTS compared to other cardiovascular diseases.
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We present a case of acute myocardial infarction secondary to arterial thromboembolism in a 25-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). To our knowledge, based on the literature review, this patient is the youngest one with the acute coronary syndrome as a complication of APS. Acute myocardial infarction secondary to arterial thromboembolism is a rare presentation of APS. There are different recommended anticoagulation strategies in APS patients according to the presence of thrombosis of arterial or venous origin. Potential difficulties in the treatment may occur based on the clinical scenarios. A large number of APS patients require lifelong oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists. Some non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants are being studied as drugs potentially useful in APS treatment. The recent studies suggest the role of aGAPSS score in assessing the risk of a recurrent thrombotic event as well as acute myocardial infarction in APS patients.
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Síndrome Antifosfolipídica , Infarto do Miocárdio , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , TromboseRESUMO
COVID-19 pandemic changed the current state of healthcare, especially in terms of reorganization of resources. Chief complaints of patients admitted to hospitals changed drastically in the proceeding months, which worsened the treatment of many acute and chronic conditions involving cardiovascular system pathologies and resources were moved in order to fight COVID-19. Moreover, the pandemic had long-term effects not only on healthcare but also national security on global scale. The COVID-19 drastically changed perception of global health and safety, trust in healthcare professionals as well as patients' willingness to seek medical help. The long-term effect of the epidemic, in terms of its impact cardiovascular disease progression and prognosis remain to be observed. The current paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare and national security based on the currently available data.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Segurança Computacional , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Recursos em Saúde , Hospitalização , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Medidas de Segurança , Viagem , Assistência Ambulatorial , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , TelemedicinaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: 2MACE is a risk assessment score designed to stratify cardiovascular risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Early detection of increased cardiovascular risk is of vital importance in this population, as it helps reduce mortality and morbidity rates. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the utility of the 2MACE score in predicting longterm mortality in patients with AF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational cohort study including consecutive patients with nonvalvular AF, who were followed for a median duration of 81 months. RESULTS: The final analysis included 1351 patients (men, 53.1%; median [interquartile range] age, 71 [62-80] years). During the followup, 142 patients (10.5%) died. Deceased patients were more often classified as high risk according to the 2MACE score than survivors (80.3% vs 53.2%; P <0.0001). The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the 2MACE score had a good predictive value for long term all cause mortality (area under the curve, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.69-0.78). The mortality rate was significantly increased in patients with a 2MACE score of 3 or higher (hazard ratio, 3.40; 95% CI, 2.33-5.49). CONCLUSIONS: The 2MACE score is a good predictor of long term all cause mortality in patients with AF. A progressive increase in the mortality rate was observed with an increasing 2MACE score.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is well established. A healthy lifestyle with a good quality diet and regular physical activity is important for reducing the severity of LUTS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was performed on the subject of association between LUTS and cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: The recent data indicates that therapy for cardiovascular risk reduction might also reduce the severity of LUTS (e.g. statins reduce the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] and slow down the progression of LUTS in patients with hyperlipidaemia). Hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers have a lower severity of LUTS. This paper shortly discusses the relationship between the occurrence of LUTS and CVD and the potential clinical implications regarding the management of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms require a holistic approach and cooperation of a urologist and cardiologist to diagnose concomitant cardiovascular diseases as early as possible and implement appropriate treatment. Antihypertensive, antithrombotic, hypolipemic therapies and healthy lifestyles reduce not only cardiovascular mortality, but also might reduce the severity of LUTS.
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In many cases, atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a history of cardiac inflammation. One of the potential pathogens responsible for atrial inflammation might be Borrelia burgdorferi - a pathogen involved in Lyme carditis. This study aimed to assess whether the serological history of Borrelia infection was associated with the risk of AF. The study included 113 AF patients and 109 patients in sinus rhythm. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation, echocardiography and had their blood taken for the assessment of anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies. Patients with AF compared with the non-AF group had more often serological signs of Borrelia infection (34.5% vs 6.4%; p <0.0001). The multivariate analysis showed that positive results for anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies were a strong independent predictor of AF (odds ratio 8.21; 95% confidence interval 3.08 to 21.88; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, presented data show that exposure to Borrelia spp. infection is associated with an increased risk of AF. Whether the early treatment of Lyme disease lowers the risk of AF development remains to be explored.
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Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/imunologia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Doença de Lyme/imunologia , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Fatores de Risco , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
Overweight and obesity have become a dangerous disease requiring multiple interventions, treatment and preventions. In women of reproductive age, obesity is one of the most common medical conditions. Among others, obese state is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress. Increased maternal body mass index might amplify inflammation and reactive oxygen species production, which is associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes that affect both mother and child. Intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus are examples of the hampered maternal and foetoplacental unit interactions. Visfatin is the obesity-related adipokine produced mainly by the visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin affects glucose homeostasis, as well as the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Here, we review visfatin interactions in pregnancy-related disorders linked to obesity. We highlight the possible predictive and prognostic value of visfatin in diagnostic strategies on gravidas with obesity.
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Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often coexists with atrial fibrillation (AF) and makes the course of AF worse. The negative impact of OSA on AF may be due to atrial stretch, hypoxia, hypertension, obesity, fibrosis, and inflammation. Several mediators are thought to be responsible for this correlation, among them adipokines such as visfatin. This study aimed to assess the association between visfatin concentrations and OSA in patients with AF. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the association between visfatin concentrations and OSA in AF patients. METHODS: In a tertiary Cardiology Department, hospitalized patients previously diagnosed with AF were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis of OSA was made based on a respiratory polygraphy and patients had blood samples taken for assessment of plasma visfatin concentration. RESULTS: A total of 266 patients with AF (65% men, age 57.6 ± 10.1) were enrolled, and 121 (45%) were diagnosed with OSA. Patients with OSA had higher visfatin concentrations than those without OSA (2.13 ± 0.17 vs. 1.70 ± 0.21 ng/mL; p = 0.04). Patients with mild OSA had visfatin levels equal to 1.77 ± 0.17 ng/mL, moderate OSA 2.38 ± 0.18 ng/mL, and severe OSA 3.55 ± 0.61 ng/mL (p for trend = 0.017). Multivariate regression analysis showed that increased visfatin concentrations were associated with the risk of OSA (odds ratio 1.92; 95% confidence interval 1.09-3.40). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AF who were diagnosed with OSA had significantly higher plasma visfatin levels which increased according to the severity of OSA. Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis identified visfatin concentration over 1.25 ng/mL, male sex, age over 59.1 years, and permanent AF as the factors showing independent correlation with OSA.
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Fibrilação Atrial/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/sangue , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/sangue , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Visfatin is an adipokine produced by visceral fat tissue and takes part in fibrosis and inflammatory response. In the heart muscle, it is connected with the progression of atherosclerosis. Currently, there is no data on how visfatin affects atrial fibrillation (AF) onset. The study aimed to establish if baseline visfatin levels are connected with the risk of arrhythmia recurrence after AF ablation. In this prospective, long-term, observational study, we enrolled 290 consecutive patients admitted for AF ablation. All patients were screened for cardiovascular risk factors and had blood serum taken to measure visfatin concentrations before the ablation procedure. The end point of the study was a recurrence of the AF, defined as at least one AF episode of at any moment during the follow-up period. The screening included AF of at least 30 second duration assessed with electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, including 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring, implantable pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, or subcutaneous ECG monitoring devices. After excluding patients disqualified from the procedure the study population consisted of 236 patients, mean age 57.8 years (64.8% male). Mean body mass index in the population was 29.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and arterial hypertension was highly prevalent (73.3% of patients). In 129 (54.7%) cases we observed recurrence of AF during the follow-up period. Patients with AF recurrence had higher visfatin levels (1.7 ± 2.4 vs 2.1 ± 1.9 ng/ml; p <0.0001) and multivariate logistic regression analysis containing age, sex, and other independent variables showed that patients with elevated visfatin levels were almost 3-time more likely to experience AF recurrence (odds ratio 2.92; 95% confidence interval 1.60 to 5.32). In conclusion, patients with higher visfatin levels are at elevated risk of arrhythmia recurrence after ablation for AF. Visfatin can be a useful marker for risk stratification in this group of patients.
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Fibrilação Atrial/sangue , Ablação por Cateter , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/sangue , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a novel cardiovascular risk factor, contributes to the development of peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). There is a lack of data showing how often these diseases coexist. AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of OSA in the population of patients with PAD. METHODS: Patients previously qualified for the first revascularization due to PAD were included in the study. All patients underwent an overnight sleep study to detect OSA. Diagnosis of OSA was made when the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was ≥5 per hour. RESULTS: From 141 patients (60% men, age 69.6 ± 9.5 years), OSA was diagnosed in 68 patients (48%). OSA occurred in mild form (5 ≤ AHI < 15/h) in 39 cases (28%), in moderate form (15 ≤ AHI < 30/h) in 21 cases (15%), and in severe form (AHI ≥ 30/h) in 8 cases (6%). Patients without OSA had significantly lower body mass index (BMI; 26.9 ± 5.5 vs. 27.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2, p = 0.01) and lower hip circumference (97.4 ± 11.7 vs. 98.7 ± 7.4, p = 0.04). There were no differences in the distribution of other investigated cardiovascular risk factors and diseases between these groups. There were no significant differences in OSA distribution or its severity between patients with lower extremity artery disease and carotid artery disease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OSA in patients with PAD is very high, affecting nearly half of the studied population.
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Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/etiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Periprosthetic femur fractures are one of the most severe complications of total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of periprosthetic femur fractures based on the Vancouver classifications of fractures. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were enrolled into the study. Type B1 fractures were the most common - 33 cases. In comparison to patients with type B3 fracture, patients with type B1 fracture significantly less often experienced postoperative pain. CONCLUSION: Study shown that in the context of both objective outcomes of the operation and patient satisfaction, the most unfavourable prognosis is after type B3.
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BACKGROUND: Assessment of thromboembolic risk is crucial in choosing appropriate treatment in atrial fibrillation (AF). Current guidelines recommend basing the decision on the CHA2DS2-VASc score. However, the score is based only on clinical parameters and therefore its relationship with laboratory-assessed coagulation status might not always be objective. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess if the CHA2DS2-VASc score is associated with blood parameters in AF patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with continuous AF prequalified for catheter ablation were enrolled into the study and had CHA2DS2-VASc calculated and blood taken for coagulation parameters. RESULTS: The study population comprised of 266 patients (65.0% males; age 57.6 ±10.1 years). Patients were divided into those with CHA2DS2-VASc score 0, and those with ≥1 points, respectively requiring and not requiring anticoagulation treatment. The group with CHA2DS2-VASc = 0 (12% of patients) compared to those with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 1 had a significantly lower fibrinogen concentration (285.6 ±82.0 vs 322.6 ±76.4 mg/dL; p = 0.02). Partial thromboplastin time was not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). Differences were noticed in parameters concerning red blood cells. Lower risk patients had a lower red blood cell count (4.9 ±0.4 vs 5.1 ±6.0 106/µL); p = 0.03), higher hemoglobin concentration (14.9 ±1.0 vs 14.3 ±1.4 g/dL; p = 0.04), and higher hematocrit (43.5 ±2.6 vs 41.7 ±4.7%; p = 0.001). It was observed that along with the increase in CHA2DS2-VASc score mean fibrinogen concentration increased (p-value for trend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score is independently associated with an increase in fibrinogen concentration. Further research is needed to assess the value of fibrinogen in thromboembolic risk assessment.
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Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter , Feminino , Fibrinogênio , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Análise de Sobrevida , Tromboembolia/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/etiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicações , Isquemia/etiologia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Mixoma/complicações , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Doença Aguda , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/patologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patologia , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Isquemia/terapia , Mixoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Mixoma/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Mediastino/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Acrilamidas , Afatinib , Compostos de Anilina , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/secundário , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Gefitinibe , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nebivolol/uso terapêutico , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Quinazolinas/efeitos adversos , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Ramipril/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemia, especially elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with lipid-lowering drugs is one of the key issues in reducing cardiovascular mortality. Nevertheless, underutilisation of statins and lipid-lowering drugs is still a problem globally. AIM: The present study aimed to describe the utilisation of lipid-lowering drugs in groups of patients with indications for statin treatment and elevated LDL-C. METHODS: The study included adult patients with an indication for the use of a lipid-lowering therapy, currently using or not using such therapy because of contraindications or statin intolerance, in whom LDL-C concentration was > 70 mg/dL, treated in outpatient settings. All patients were screened for CVD and had blood cholesterol concentration assessed. Patients were also divided into: (1) patients with vascular disease; (2) patients with diabetes mellitus; (3) aged ≥ 65 years; and (4) patients without the three mentioned risk factors. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 2812 (51.4% male) patients. Major cardiovascular risk factors including arterial hyper-tension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and smoking were highly prevalent in the study population (86.2%, 44.1%, and 23.3%, respectively). Out of the prespecified risk factors (vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, age ≥ 65 years) the study population was divided into patients without any of the mentioned risk factors (n = 520), those with all the three risk factors (n = 368), two out of three risk factors (n = 934), and one risk factor (n = 990). The study showed that 89.6% of patients were treated with statins (47.8% with atorvastatin, 27.8% with rosuvastatin, and 13.8% with simvastatin). Fenofibrate was used in 5.8% of the population and ezetimibe in 2.7%. In the whole group, 7.1% of patients did not receive any type of lipid-lowering therapy. Atorvastatin was more often used in patients with all the three prespecified risk factors, while rosuvastatin was used in patients without any of the risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The most often-used lipid-lowering drugs in Poland are statins, with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin being used the most common of these. The present study shows that some patients with LDL-C concentration > 70 mg/dL and indications for lipid-lowering are not treated accordingly.
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Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Polônia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Various conditions, including arterial hypertension, exhibit seasonal trends in their occurrence and magnitude. Those trends correspond to an interest exhibited in the number of Internet searches for the specific conditions per month. AIM: The aim of the study was to show seasonal trends in the hypertension prevalence in Poland relate to the data from the Google Trends tool. METHODS: Internet search engine query data were retrieved from Google Trends from January 2008 to November 2017. Data were calculated as a monthly normalised search volume from the nine-year period. Data was presented for specific geographic regions, including Poland, the United States of America, Australia, and worldwide for the following search terms: "arterial hypertension (pol. nadcisnienie tetnicze)", "hypertension (pol. nadcisnienie)" and "hypertension medical condition". Seasonal effects were calculated using regression models and presented graphically. RESULTS: In Poland the search volume is the highest between November and May, while patients exhibit the least interest in arterial hypertension during summer holidays (p < 0.05). Seasonal variations are comparable in the United States of America representing a Northern hemisphere country, while in Australia (Southern hemisphere) they exhibit a contrary trend. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, arterial hypertension is more likely to occur during winter months, which correlates with increased interest in the search phrase "hypertension" in Google.