[Features of the proteome of the urine in chronic pyelonephritis.]

Clinical observation and examination of 12 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were performed. The first group (GI) included patients with exacerbation of the disease. In the comparison group (GII)- the same patients after 1.5-3 months after completion of treatment, without clinical manifestations of exacerbation of CPN. Laboratory signs of acute renal damage were not revealed in all examined patients. Additionally, urine was collected in the afternoon after Breakfast, in the form of a freely separated 2nd fraction and its sample preparation, consisting of the stages: recovery, alkylation, protein deposition and proteolysis using trypsin. The resulting polypeptide mixture was separated by liquid chromatography in three repetitions and analyzed on a system consisting of Agilent 1100 chromatograph and ltq-FT ultra hybrid mass spectrometer. A list of proteins was obtained, indicating the number of peptides by which they were identified, and the parameters of its reliability. Most of the information about the obtained proteins was obtained from UniProt databases. Identified and analyzed 10 proteins that differ significantly in occurrence in the clinical group of patients in the period of exacerbation of PN. The appearance of these proteins in urine in 1patients with exacerbation of chronic PH allows us to consider them as potential biomarkers directly associated with inflammation and damage to the epithelial lining of the renal tubules.

[Monocytic chemotaxic protein-1 and beta2-microglobulin: a role in estimation of renal parenchyma damage in surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis].

To estimate renal damage and intensity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis basing on the data of modern molecular markers in surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis, we examined the results of surgical treatment of 200 nephrolithiasis patients divided into 5 groups by the method of surgery. We estimated content of molecular mediators of nephrofibrosis in the urine and severity of renal dysfunction. We were the first to follow up urinary excretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic monocytic chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and low-molecular protein beta-2-microglobulin which is a reliable indicator of tubular impairment. Our study demonstrated the highest efficacy and low traumatic risk of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. We determined diagnostic levels of the studied laboratory indices which can be used for identification of impacts on nephrofibrosis processes.

[Molecular markers for the diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer].

The diagnostic efficiency of oncomarkers, such as cytokeratins 8, 18 (TPA, TPS, UBC) and vascular endothelial growth factor, was evaluated to diagnose non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The serum and urinary levels of the markers were studied using enzyme immunoassay; their diagnostic properties were assessed by the ROC-analysis. Comparison of the groups of apparently healthy individuals, patients with chronic cystitis, and those with noninvasive bladder cancer showed that the oncomarkers might potentially serve as screening parameters of the early diagnosis of bladder cancer and, in a number of cases, permit the differential diagnosis with chronic cystitis.

[Clinico-experimental rationale of choice of optimal contact pneumatic ureterolithotripsy].

We studied morphobiomechanical properties of the ureters of 134 adult people, results of treatment of 178 patients suffering from ureterolithiasis which were divided into two groups: the comparison group (n = 97) in which contact lithotripsy was carried out without power dosage lithotripter and the study group (n = 81) in which stone decomposition results were analysed with account of impulse duration and power of the shock wave estimated with special tables for an individual patient. We developed expert tables presenting optimal regimens for power pneumatic lithotriptor for fragmentation of a concrement with the least traumatic effect taking into account sex, age of the patient, size, chemical composition and location of the concrement. The above expert tables can be used in urological departments practicing contact ureterolithotripsy for ureterolithiasis, and in medical high schools for teaching students.

[Endothelial dysfunction in urolithiasis patients].

To characterize endothelial dysfunction in operated nephrolithiasis patients, we studied NO, VEGF, ET-1, IL-6 concentration in the blood serum and NO in the urine of nephrolithiasis patients divided into three groups by the type of surgical treatment before operation, 7-10 days and 1 month after it. We used beta-2 microglobulin as an indicator of tubular dysfunction. We found a significant rise of a concentration of the endothelial dysfunction markers ET-1, IL-6 and VEGF in the blood serum (p < 0.05), showing endothelial dysfunction in nephrolithiasis patients, especially in early postoperative period after multiple exposure to short-wave lithotripsy. One month after open surgery or lithotripsy a complete recovery of endothelial function was not recorded.

[The treatment of prostatic adenoma by local hyperthermia]. / Lechenie adenomy predstatel'noi zhelezy lokal'noi gipertermiei.

A total of 116 patients aged 51-84 with prostatic adenoma were exposed to local hyperthermia (LHT) using "Thermex II" generator (Thechnorex, Israel). The analysis of the results involved 4 patient groups: group 1 (34 patients) had nycturia > 3 times, residual urine > 50 ml, uroflowmetry index > 8 ml/s; group 2 (47 patients) had marked symptoms, nycturia < 3 times, residual urine < 50 ml, uroflowmetry index 3-7 ml/s; group 3 (2 patients) had cystostomy drainage; group 4 (2 patients) had acute uresis disorders. The response of the patients was registered by subjective complaints, residual urine, uroflowmetry index, pre- and after-treatment size of the prostate 1 and 6 months following a session of local hyperthermia. A positive effect was achieved in 70% of the patients. LHT proved effective in a compensated and subcompensated stages of the disease and in case of small-size adenoma nodes.

[Endovascular therapy in locally disseminated bladder cancer]. / Endovaskuliarnaia terapiia pri mestno-rasprostranennom rake mochevogo puzyria.

Continuous intraarterial perfusion with cytostatics (20 patients) and arterial embolization for profuse hematuria (10 patients) was carried out in a study group of 30 patients with locally-advanced urinary bladder cancer. Endovascular therapy provides a contribution to treatment of this pathology. In some situations, it may be used to cope with life-threatening complications and to prepare the patient for radical surgery. In inoperable cases, this procedure may serve for palliation.