[Endometriosis localized in the sigmoid. Apropos of a case]. / Endométriose à localisation sigmoïdienne. A propos d'un cas.

Colic endometriosis is a classical but rare localization. The authors present one case treated by partial colectomy associated with a total hysterectomy and preservation of ovarian parenchyma. The hysterectomy was necessary because of adenomyosis and inflammatory adhesions undissociable from the sigmoid.

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the liver.

Two characteristics of the ultrasonic image, that it is rebuilt and non figurative in its details, led us to establish specific relationships between anatomic structures and their ultrasonic images. The anatomic study was made on fresh, injected, frozen, livers, sectioned along the classical echographic planes. The echographic study was conducted in healthy patients, without any hepatic lesions. The results fall under three heads: analysis of the basic structures (portal vein, hepatic vein, and bile ducts) enables to establish perfect relationship between the anatomic and echographic features; the echo-anatomic study of the echographic planes pertaining to percutaneous examination of the liver provides a satisfactory correlation between the anatomy and the ultrasonogram; analysis of the hepatic vascular arrangement enables to define a sectorial systematization of liver structure. Segmental systematization of the right side of the liver is more difficult to define because of the virtual limits of the upper and lower segments of the right paramedian and lateral sectors. This study leads to better echographic understanding of the liver and to a tentative systematization essential to the localization of focal hepatic lesions.

The muscles of the abdominal wall: a new functional approach with anatomoclinical deductions.

The basic functional anatomy of muscle can be investigated by histochemical analysis of the muscle fibers and kinesiologic electromyography. The results of these techniques lead to anatomoclinical deductions based on the structure of muscle. Histochemical analysis of the striated fibers of a given muscle shows the existence of three functionally different populations of fibers. The relative abundance of each category of muscle fibers (expressed as a percentage) demonstrates the basic function of the muscle. The investigation of muscle function by kinesiologic electromyography shows that there are three categories of motor activity in the course of movement. These different types of motor activity are dependent upon the muscle fibers which display different physiological features, especially with respect to their contraction time. These two investigative techniques, the overall results of which are concordant, were applied to the study of the function of the muscles of the abdominal wall and led to the following anatomo-clinical deduction: tonico-postural motor activity is predominant in the rectus abdominis and flat abdominal muscles. Kinesiologic electromyography also allowed to demonstrate the functional development of these muscles according to the age, sex, corpulence and physical activity of the subjects studied.

[Post-traumatic rupture of the pericardium with cardiac luxation associated with-myocardial infarction, and a rupture of the aortic isthmus (author's transl)]. / Rupture péricardique avec luxation du coeur associée à un infarctus du myocarde et à une rupture de l'isthme de l'aorte post-traumatique.

A case of rupture of the pericardium with cardiac luxation is reported. Violent trauma is necessary to produce such lesions, and this explains the frequency of rapid death before the pericardium rupture is recognised. A definite diagnosis is only possible during operation in one out of two cases that survive. This lesion should be suspected in all cases of chest injury, and complementary examinations, particularly radiological and electrocardiographic, should be requested. Treatment is surgical.