Molecular insight to size and dose-dependent cellular toxicity exhibited by a green synthesized bioceramic nanohybrid with macrophages for dental applications.

Improvising bioceramics for enhancing their biocompatibility and physical properties has been a focus area for the dental industry. To further explore this area, this study reports a novel green synthesis and molecular in vitro biocompatibility of calcium aluminosilicate-chitosan nanohybrid (CAS-CH). The nanohybrids were synthesized by using a high energy ball milling (HEBM) technique and then characterized for their physiochemical properties using standard techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of a synthesized nanohybrid was made with a RAW264.7 cell line using cell viability assays, such as, MTT, cellular morphology analysis, induction of oxidative stress, and apoptosis. CAS-CH nanohybrids were synthesized at three milling time points: 1H, 2H, and 3H. With increasing milling time, we found a reduction in sizes of particles and increased zeta potential. Viability of cells was found to be decreased with an increase in concentration. Moreover, toxic effects like ROS generation and apoptosis were reduced with increasing milling time. Computational and experimental analysis elucidated the mechanism of toxicity as a consequence of influential functionality of Sod1 and p53 proteins due to interaction and internalization of the nanohybrids with amino acid residues via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The detailed study depicted a novel way of synthesizing biocompatible bioceramic nanohybrids with a mechanistic insight of its cytotoxicity profile.

Molecular investigation to RNA and protein based interaction induced in vivo biocompatibility of phytofabricated AuNP with embryonic zebrafish.

Implication of gold nanoparticles in industrial and day-to-day life products at extensive scale has raised concern about their toxicity to environment and human health. Moreover, quest of new technologies for production of biocompatible nanoparticles increased. This study explores the molecular toxicology of AuNP with enlightenment of their green synthesis using medicinal plant extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. Synthesized CAuNP were characterized for their physiochemical properties by standard techniques like FESEM, TEM, DLS, UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR. GCMS analysis revealed the involvement of -OH compounds for CAuNP synthesis. Determined size and zeta potential of CAuNP was found to be 21 ± 08 nm and -24 ± 11 mV with SPR peak at 554 nm. LC50 of CAuNP with zebrafish embryos was 69 ± 12 µg/ml compared to 52 ± 06 µg/ml of AuNP. Gold nanoparticles were found to exhibit concentration dependent morphological abnormalities with acute effect at cellular and molecular level. Experimental and computational analysis depicted the nanotoxicity of gold nanoparticles as a consequence of oxidative stress generation leading to apoptosis due to their influential interaction with Sod1, He1a and tp53 mRNA and proteins. The investigation deciphered the nanotoxicity of gold nanoparticles and suggested the implication of new green methodology for their future productions.

Molecular insight to in vitro biocompatibility of phytofabricated copper oxide nanoparticles with human embryonic kidney cells.

AIM: To investigate the biocompatibility of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO Np) using floral extract of Calotropis gigantea in room condition. MATERIALS & METHODS: Green synthesized and characterized CuO Np was evaluated for their cellular and molecular biocompatibility by experimentally and computational molecular docking. RESULTS: Synthesized CuO NP was found to have a size 32 ± 09 nm with Î¶ potential -35 ± 12 mV. LC50 value was found to be 190 µg/ml. In vitro and in silico cytotoxicity analysis with HEK293 cells revealed the cytotoxic effect of CuO Np as consequences of interaction with histidine and arginine amino acid residues of Sod3 and p53 proteins via hydrogen bond of length 3.09 and 3.32 Å leading to oxidative stress ensuing toward apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION: The outcomes proved the synthesized material as an alternative to the conventional method of synthesizing copper nanoparticles for biomedical and clinical applications.