Congenital insensitivity to pain in a 1-year-old boy.

Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition which causes reduced pain sensation, thermal sensation, and habit of self-mutilation. It is a life-threatening condition where due to reduced pain sensation, patient might not understand the severity of the injury which can eventually lead to death. Such people live a compromised life and can also affect them psychologically. Here, we are reporting a case of an infant with clinical features suggestive of CIP with a mutation in exon 5 of PRDM12 gene. The child has minimal response to pain along with self-mutilation and mental retardation.

Ambras syndrome: A rare case report.

Congenital generalized hypertrichosis associated with gingival hyperplasia are rare cases published in literature. The frequency incidence of generalized congenital hypertrichosis is about one to billions of people. Hypertrichosis and gingival hyperplasia are termed as Ambras syndrome (AS), which can be noticed at birth or soon after. Here, is a rare case report of 4-year-old male child who presented with generalized hypertrichosis with gingival fibromatosis and dysmorphic facial features.

Analgesic efficacy of diazepam and placebo in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a double blind randomized clinical trial.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of placebo and diazepam in patients with temporomandibular disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients were recruited with a diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder based on standard clinical diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder. The patients were put in to one of the two groups: placebo or diazepam at random. The average pain intensity was recorded with visual analog scale (VAS) at pretreatment, at weekly interval till the completion of a three-week trial and at post-treatment visit on the eighth week from baseline. The secondary outcome measures were changes in masticatory muscle tenderness, viz. massater muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle, medial pterygoid muscle and temporalis muscle and changes in mouth opening. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Intra-group comparison for analgesic efficacy and mouth opening was carried out by Wilcoxon's signed ranked test. Inter-group comparison for analgesic efficacy was also carried out using Mann-Whitney's test. RESULTS: A statistically significant (P<0.01) decrease in temporomandibular disorder pain in the placebo group (65%) and statistically highly significant (P<0.001) decrease in the diazepam group (72%) were observed on VAS after three weeks of treatment. The inter-group comparison demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the placebo can give near similar results as diazepam can. So the role of placebo should also be considered as one of the important management strategies. In the short term, reduction in the masticatory muscle tenderness and significant improvement in the mouth opening in both the groups were observed.