RESUMO
Background: The most important factors contributing to multi-drug resistance in oral cancer include overexpression of the EGFR protein and the downstream malignancy regulators that are associated with it. This study investigates the impact of solanine on inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis inhibition in multidrug-resistant oral cancer KB-Chr-8-5 cells through inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods: Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay to evaluate cytotoxic effects. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), and AO/EtBr staining were analyzed to assess apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blotting was employed to examine protein expression related to angiogenesis, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. Experiments were conducted in triplicate. Results: Solanine treatment at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 µM significantly increased ROS production, which is indicative of its antioxidant properties. This increase was associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) with p < 0.05, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of EGFR led to reduced activity of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB, resulting in decreased expression of iNOS, IL-6, Cyclin D1, PCNA, VEGF, Mcl-1, and HIF-1α and increased levels of the apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3. These changes collectively inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Conclusions: Solanine acts as a potent disruptor of cellular processes by inhibiting the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that solanine holds promise as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant cancers.
RESUMO
Background and Objective: Dental education is unique, with clinical/practical learning much different from other professionals. In dentistry, students are exposed much earlier in their curriculum to patients, performing procedures under direct/indirect supervision. Hence, the present review attempted to assess the standing position of dentistry in blended learning worldwide. Materials and Methods: E-learning modality was at its primitive stage as food for thought among educational task force committees, with only a handful of developed and developing countries equipped with it. During this pandemic, "WhatsApp" became a savior, as it was a widely used educational device among dental teachers and students. Furthermore, it was easily applicable in places where there was difficulty in obtaining regular internet bandwidth, especially in remote/rural areas. It is noteworthy that blended learning/e-learning, when complemented with the conventional teaching method, upskill critical thinking and problem-solving capabilities. Blended learning or virtual reality education should be made feasible without disparity, worldwide. Mind training, both students and staff in hybrid e-learning, is the need of the hour not only to keep pace with digitalized dentistry but to prepare the students to face real-world situations. Conclusion: The sustainability of dental education should be rethought by dental schools with "Complimented Digital learning" wherever feasible, not only to cope with current trends but also to face unforeseen future challenges.
RESUMO
Aim/Objective: This umbrella review of systematic reviews aims to summarize the available data regarding both success and survival rates of tooth autotransplantation, in addition to analyzing the risk factors that are connected to those rates. Methods: This umbrella review was performed according to the evaluation of various meta-analyses and systematic reviews following AMSTAR2 guidelines. A systematic search of literature on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. Six systematic reviews were included. Explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. It is registered in PROSPERO under the registration number (CRD-42023415623). Results: The studies reviewed were written from 2014 to 2018, which extracted the information from various studies spanning from 1968 to 2014. According to the selected studies regarding autotransplanted teeth in humans, they showed the following: A survival rate overall of 87.39% and a success rate overall of 90.29%. These factors were the most common in relation to the success of the autotransplanted teeth: age, gender, and stage of root development. On the other hand, common unfavorable results linked to the transplanted teeth in these studies were failure, ankylosis, and internal root resorption, followed by extraction and hypermobility. Conclusions: The wide body of evidence gathered illustrates that autotransplantation is an operation that dispenses high rates of survival and success. Furthermore, risk factors like root development stage, recipient site, and donor tooth type established a remarkable association with the negative outcomes of the procedure. For successful tooth autotransplantation, patient selection is crucial. Younger patients and those with donor teeth at an optimal stage of root development typically experience better outcomes. Preoperative planning should include comprehensive evaluations and advanced imaging techniques to accurately assess both the donor tooth and the recipient site. Nonetheless, on account of heterogeneity and the quality of the studies included in this investigation, caution should be taken when interpreting the mentioned results.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Smoking is a major contributor to global oral cancer cases, necessitating urgent intervention. FOXD1, involved in developmental processes and various cancers, shows promise as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study investigates the impact of waterpipe smoke condensate (WPSC) on OSCC, focusing on FOXD1 role in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. METHODS: The study involved using OSCC cells treated with WPSC to evaluate their proliferation, colony formation, gene expression, and protein levels. The researchers also explored the clinical relevance of their findings using online databases to analyze FOXD1 expression in cancer tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological features and patient survival. Additionally, in silico tools were employed for functional analysis, pathway enrichment, and network exploration. RESULTS: The study found that WPSC increased the expression of FOXD1 in OSCC cells, which led to increased cell growth. The study also showed that FOXD1 plays a critical role in the EMT process induced by WPSC, as evidenced by changes in the expression of EMT-related genes and proteins. Clinical analysis revealed that FOXD1 was significantly associated with more aggressive tumor features and poorer prognosis in cancer patients. CONCLUSION: The study highlights FOXD1 as a key player in OSCC pathogenesis and a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target, particularly when influenced by WPSC exposure. Further research is needed to explore FOXD1 molecular mechanisms and clinical implications to enhance OSCC treatment strategies.
RESUMO
Personal identification in forensics is possible with gender determination using DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis. DNA isolation from teeth samples subjected to extreme temperatures has been shown to predict the gender of the deceased. However, the literature lacks studies on DNA extracted from tooth samples exposed to freezing temperatures. This study aimed to isolate the SRY gene from the extirpated pulp of teeth that were subjected to varying temperatures for gender identification. Thirty teeth with vital pulps, divided into 3 groups were included in the study. Each group consisted of 5 male and 5 female tooth samples. The groups were exposed to diverse environmental factors for three weeks. Group 1: room temperature (R group); Group 2: high temperature (H group) and Group 3: freezing temperature (F group). Later, DNA was isolated from the pulp tissue, and the SRY gene was amplified using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The Sensitivity and Specificity of the results were analyzed. SRY gene detected in the study samples identified accurate gender with a 46.70% Sensitivity and 93.30% Specificity. Significant difference was found in the correlation between gene expression and gender among the three groups (p = 1.000). The study validates that dental pulp tissue can be a reliable source for DNA extraction. And SRY gene amplification from teeth exposed to diverse environmental conditions. Further investigations are required to validate its application in forensics.
Assuntos
Genes sry , Dente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polpa Dentária , DNA/genética , Medicina Legal , Genes sry/genética , Análise para Determinação do Sexo/métodos , Dente/químicaRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294751.].
RESUMO
Background: The study aims to investigate parameters in patients attending Fujairah Dental Center, including assessing the prevalence of impacted teeth, determining the frequency of associated pathological conditions, and evaluating the patterns and angulations of impacted third molars. Methods: It is a retrospective descriptive study of the panoramic radiographs of patients who attended Fujairah Dental Center for dental care between January 2011 and December 2017. The minimum age for inclusion was 17 years. Clinical records were used to obtain the demographic details of patients, such as age, gender, nationality, medical history, and smoking history. Seven hundred and four panoramic radiographs and clinical records of patients were analyzed. The age range was between 17 and 112 years old, with a mean age of 34 years (S.D 13.5). Results: Of the 704 panoramic radiographs evaluated, 236 (33.6%) X-rays showed teeth impaction with a total of 562 impacted teeth in the upper and lower jaws. Five hundred and twenty-five (93.4%) were impacted third molars, and 37 (6.5%) teeth were other kinds of impacted teeth. Females showed a higher frequency of impacted teeth (62.6%) compared to males (37.4%). The highest prevalence of impacted teeth was found in the 17-25 year age group (61%), and the prevalence declined with advancing age. Impacted third molars were more likely to occur in the mandible (57.3%) than in the maxilla (42.7%). Most of the impacted third molars were in the mesioangular position, followed by the vertical position. The evaluation of the depth of impacted third molars demonstrated that level C impaction was the most frequently seen, followed by level B impaction. Impacted third-molar teeth often presented with two roots (60.7%), followed by a single root (31.3%). An evaluation of the relationship between lower third molars and the inferior dental canal (IDC) revealed that the most frequently observed relation was interrupted (61.5%), followed by a distant relation to the ID canal, and 13% were superimposed. The most common morphological pattern of roots of the impacted third molars was either straight-type or curved and dilacerated roots (5.7%). Additionally, the most noticed pathological conditions associated with impacted teeth were carious second molars adjacent to impacted third molars (42%), which was more likely to be seen in the 17-25-year age group, with females having a higher prevalence than males.
RESUMO
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a globally prevalent cancer with significant mortality rates. OSCC a predominant subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), poses a substantial health burden. Despite advancements in diagnosis and therapy, OSCC prognosis remains poor. The 26S proteasome, a cellular protein degradation complex, is associated with cancer, including PSMA1, a proteasomal subunit, which is upregulated in various cancers. We analyzed PSMA1 expression using TCGA data, validated it in OSCC samples using real-time PCR, and explored its role through various databases. Tumor and adjacent normal tissues from OSCC patients were examined, and PSMA1 expression was analyzed. Survival analysis assessed the impact of PSMA1 on patient outcomes, while immune infiltration was examined using the TIMER database. GeneMANIA, STRING, and Metascape were utilized for gene interaction and pathway analysis. PSMA1 was significantly upregulated in OSCC and HNSCC. Its overexpression correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and poorer prognosis in HNSCC patients. PSMA1 expression is also related to immune cell infiltration. Gene interaction analysis revealed PSMA1 involvement in proteolysis regulation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. PSMA1 upregulation in HNSCC association with adverse clinicopathological features and prognosis underscores its potential significance. Further research is warranted to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in OSCC management.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regulação para Cima , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/genética , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Análise de Sobrevida , Antígenos de Superfície , Glutamato Carboxipeptidase IIRESUMO
Oral carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer globally, with one death occurring every hour. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intercellular protein tyrosine kinase, a key indicator of the development of oral cancer. FAK overexpression leads to the initiation and significant progression of metastasis in head and neck cancers, indicating its vital role in cancer progression and potential as a biomarker for early oral malignant transformation. The present review elaborates on FAK's function in oral malignancies since it could serve as a biomarker of the initial stages of oral malignant transformation and a possible predictive factor for risk assessment.
Assuntos
Adesões Focais , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Adesões Focais/metabolismo , Adesões Focais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Dynein Cytoplasmic 1 Intermediate Chain 1 (DYNC1I1) is a crucial cytoplasmic dynein binding component, its high expression levels are associated with malignant progression and poor survival in different types of cancer; however, the oncogenic role of DYNC1I1 in Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remains to be elucidated. In our present study, we aimed to explore the potential role of DYNC1I1 expression in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC and the shaping of the immune microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of DYNC1I1 were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-HNSC) dataset, and then real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the DYNC1I1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor samples, one of the major types of HNSCC. The functional pathway, tumor immune infiltration, and gene expression correlation for DYNC1I1 were performed using different bioinformatic tools. RESULTS: We found that the expression of DYNC1I1 was significantly increased in HNSCC and was a predictor of poor survival. The DYNC1I1 high expression has also been associated with an increased risk of HPV-negative HNSCC and decreased immune cell infiltration. Functional enrichment analysis identified that DYNC1I1 is involved in several important signaling pathways that contribute to the cancer cell's survival and proliferation. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that DYNC1I1 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC, and could be a promising prognostic biomarker for HNSCC diagnosis and treatment.
RESUMO
Facial development involves an intricate regulatory mechanism that accounts for numerous craniofacial abnormalities, common being orofacial clefts. Although cleft in the secondary palate accounts for one-third of orofacial clefts stills remains an under-researched domain. Hence, in this work, the authors put forth two non-syndromic, asymptomatic cleft uvulae reported among bimodal male patients of the Indian-Asiatic population who came up for dental screening. Most of the time, isolated/asymptomatic cleft uvula patients will be reluctant to further investigations and treatment. Although bifid uvula looks benign in most patients, it may sometimes be associated with catastrophic complications. To conclude, whenever bifid uvula is an incidental finding, it is the responsibility of the healthcare worker to plan a thorough patient workup as a primary preventive measure to rule out any complications whenever feasible. It can help us overcome many future unforeseen sequelae and emergency management due to bifid uvula.
RESUMO
In dentistry, occupational contact dermatitis may affect dental professionals along with technicians, nurses, and patients. Changes to dental practice in recent years have altered the reported frequencies of allergens causing contact dermatitis in both dental professionals and dental patients. In the current cross-sectional study, we used a structured questionnaire and clinical examinations to examine the prevalence of self-reported hand eczema among United Arab Emirates (UAE). The relationship between subjective skin discomfort and latex, composite/bonding, or other dental materials also was explored. A structured questionnaire was designed to analyze the prevalence of skin conditions among dental professionals and study its implication in gender, occupation, and age groups. The questionnaire included information about skin symptoms, atopy, occupational experience, and other background factors like respiratory symptoms, work history and methods, and exposure at work. It was distributed to 550 randomly selected dental healthcare professionals. Out of 550 dental healthcare workers contacted, 434 responded giving a response rate of 79%. The prevalence of dry and rough skin on the hands was highest (45%). There was a total of 29 cases of allergic contact dermatitis, 15 cases of contact urticaria, 12 cases of irritating contact dermatitis, and 1 incidence of onychomycosis among the 100 dental healthcare professionals who reported having dermatitis on their hands, forearms, or faces due to their daily dental chores. Rubber chemicals and natural rubber latex (NRL) in protective gloves used by dentists, as well as dental-restorative plastic materials (methylacrylates), were the most common causes of allergy. Dry skin and hand eczema were more common among dental healthcare professionals. Plastic gloves or NRL gloves with a low protein content are recommended for dental work. Skin exposure to methylacrylates or latex should be avoided.
RESUMO
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) continues to spread globally and presents serious health hazards. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of treatment with WPS condensate (WPSC) on lung cell proliferation and plasticity as well as tumor cell recognition and killing by natural killer (NK) cells using cytotoxicity assays. The results indicated that exposure of normal and cancer lung cell lines to WPSC resulted in a decrease in their in vitro growth in a dose-dependent manner and it induced tumor senescence. In addition, WPSC selectively caused DNA damage as revealed by an increase in γH2AX and 53BP1 in tumor lung cells. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms altered by WPSC, we conducted a global comprehensive transcriptome analysis of WPSC-treated tumor cells. Data analysis identified an expression profile of genes that best distinguished treated and non-treated cells involving several pathways. Of these pathways, we focused on those involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Results showed that WPSC induced an increase in SNAI2 expression associated with EMT, ACTA2 and SERPINE2 were involved in invasion and CD44 was associated with stemness. Furthermore, WPSC exposure increased the expression of inflammatory response genes including CASP1, IL1B, IL6 and CCL2. While immune synapse formation between NK and WPSC-treated lung cancer target cells was not affected, the capacity of NK cells to kill these target cells was reduced. The data reported in the present study are, to the best of our knowledge, the first in vitro demonstration of WPSC effects on lung cellular parameters providing evidence of its potential involvement in tumor physiology and development.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Fumar Cachimbo de Água/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Comunicação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Comunicação Celular/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Plasticidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasticidade Celular/genética , Plasticidade Celular/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/genética , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating condition of the oral mucosa that has been classified as a potentially malignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate of 2%-8%. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have been performed to formulate a treatment modality for OSMF, yet no ideal in vitro primary oral fibroblast model has been developed. AIM: To establish an in vitro primary oral fibroblast model. SETTING AND DESIGN: In vitro laboratory setting. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Primary cell culture protocol was performed after obtaining normal oral tissue. Karyotyping was performed to rule out chromosomal abnormalities. Immunofluorescence staining was carried with a panel of fibroblast-specific markers (vimentin, phalloidin, transforming growth factor-ß receptor 1 [TGFßR1] and s100a4) and Masson trichrome staining (MTS) to demonstrate the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) qualitatively. RESULTS: A monolayer of oral fibroblasts was observed on the 9th-day postseeding. No chromosomal abnormality was observed in the patient samples. Positive staining was observed with vimentin, phalloidin, TGFßR1 and s100a4, thereby confirming the cell type. MTS revealed fibroblasts with spindle morphology and scanty ECM. CONCLUSION: The present study lays down a protocol to design and characterize primary buccal fibroblast cell culture model that would aid researchers in performing in vitro preliminary experiments in areas concerning fibrosis.
RESUMO
AIM: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) has become a global epidemic, especially among youth. WTS has not been studied like cigarette smoking. There is a dire need to study and document health effects of waterpipe smoking in general and specifically on the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total sample size of 400 was studied. One hundred exclusive shisha smokers, 100 exclusive cigarette smokers, 100 subjects smoking both cigarette and shisha and 100 non-smokers. We recorded and associated socio-demographical data pertaining to WTS and cigarette smoking in UAE and examining their toxic effects on the oral mucosa at a cytogenetic level by studying the micronuclei (MN) stained by Feulgen and Acridine Orange (DNA specific stains). RESULTS: A significant association was observed between age distribution and groups. Majority of subjects were males. Arabic nationalities were consuming a higher percentage of Waterpipe and Cigarette separately, and Indian nationality was consuming a higher percentage of waterpipe and cigarette together. Comparison of Micronuclei in Feulgen and Micronuclei in Acridine Orange group between four groups was significant. Mean micronuclei in feulgen was highest for Waterpipe and Cigarette group followed by shisha group and least for Control group. Similarly, Mean micronuclei in acridine orange was highest for waterpipe and cigarette group followed by shisha group and least for control group. CONCLUSION: Further epidemiological studies should be undertaken to determine whether WTS is associated with the incidence of lung cancer/oral cancerous lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of this study could be used to spread awareness that waterpipe smoking, like cigarette smoking, has the potential to cause genotoxic effects and could eventually lead to carcinogenicity based on duration and frequency.
Assuntos
Tabaco para Cachimbos de Água , Fumar Cachimbo de Água , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos , Fumantes , FumarRESUMO
Recent antitumor immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have led to outstanding results in several cancers. However, despite the favorable outcomes for responding patients, the response rate remains relatively low. This is in part due to the influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in protecting the tumor from the antitumor immune response and facilitating immune escape. Tumor hypoxia is one of the most important features of the TME, exerting an adverse effect on tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. Hypoxic stress interferes with immune plasticity and promotes tumor heterogeneity and progression. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia is primarily mediated by a family of transcriptional regulators, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Apart from hypoxia, the HIF pathway is modulated in a hypoxia-independent manner. HIF-1α stabilization and activity are regulated by epigenetic changes and mutations. Strong evidence indicates that tumor hypoxia controls malignant and metastatic phenotype of cancer cells and therefore presents a unique therapeutic challenge in the treatment of solid malignancies. An alluring alternative strategy to reinvigorate anticancer immune responses comes from the emerging field of TME and its associated pathways. Targeting hypoxia or its associated pathways may therefore offer new options in the design of innovative cancer immunotherapy approaches. In this article, we briefly review the potential of hypoxic stress on tumor plasticity and stromal reactivity as well as the possible targeting of hypoxia-induced pathways to increase immunotherapy efficiency.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Hipóxia Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Hipóxia Tumoral/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Study of fibrilar, cellular and sub cellular structures of mineralized tissues is only possible after the removal of the calcium apatite of these tissues by the process of demineralization. AIMS: The present study aims to evaluate six commonly used demineralizing agents to identify the best decalcifying agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included six different decalcifying solutions: 10% formal nitric acid, 8% formal nitric acid, 10% formic acid, 8% formic acid, Perenyi's fluid and Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra Acetic Acid. eight samples of posterior mandible of rat were decalcified in each of the decalcifying solutions and subjected to chemical end-point test. Ehrlich's Hematoxylin stain was used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons and Chi-square test was used for analyzing categorical data. P value of 0.05/less was set for statistical significance. RESULTS: Samples treated with EDTA showed the best overall histological impression and the tissue integrity were well preserved. Formal nitric of both the percentages 10 and 8% gave fairly good cellular detail and were rapid in their action. CONCLUSION: The final impression led to the proposition that EDTA was indeed the best decalcifying agent available. However, with time constraint, the use of formal nitric acid is advocated.
Assuntos
Técnica de Descalcificação/métodos , Desmineralização do Dente , Ácido Acético , Animais , Ácido Edético , Formiatos , Ácido Nítrico , Ratos , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
CONTEXT: Lip prints are very useful in forensic investigation and personal identification. Like finger prints, even lip prints can be instrumental in identifying a person positively. AIMS: Indians are closer to Mongoloids than to Caucasoids or Negroids as indicated by the phylogenetic tree. Most of the studies on lip prints are done in their own population. We have compared lip prints of Manipuris with other Indians (Aryans and Dravidians) who are both close to Mongoloid race and are genetically similar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 students 50 males and 50 females were selected of whom 30 males and 30 females were of Aryan and Dravidian features and 20 males and 20 females showed the Mongol features. Study materials used were Red colored lipstick, Lip brush, Cellophane tape, White chart paper and Magnifying lens. The lip prints were analyzed by dividing them into eight compartments. RESULTS: Analysis of lip prints showed that the most common and the least common pattern in both males and females (Aryans-Dravidians and Mongols) were the same, but the compartment wise distribution of the lip patterns was different. CONCLUSION: In the present study, it is established that there is no similarity of lip prints from one individual to another individual and between males and females. Regarding the comparison with Mongols, more studies with a larger sample size is necessary.