Irritable Bowel Syndrome as a Stress Prediction Model in Mexican Dentistry Students / Modelo predictivo de estrés en el síndrome del intestino irritable en estudiantes mexicanos de odontología

Abstract The Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with stress that may occur in the academic context, given that students are exposed to high demands during their education process which can lead to the development of diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation and predictive value between the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with stress in dentistry students at a public university in Mexico, taking into account the gender variable. The design is cross-sectional with 740 dental students. Nowack's Stress Profile was used as well as the ROMA III criteria to identify IBS. Multiple lineal regression models were built, in which the dependent variable was IBS and the independent ones were the stress profile variables and group data. Such models were built independently for each sex and their results were compared. The IBS model in males was significant in the following variables: IBS=- 1.454 (problem concentration) + .315 (negative valuation) - .390 (social support network) + .513 (type A behavior) - .464 (rest/sleep), with a strength of R 2 = .685; F=75.72; p < .01 which explains 68% of the variance; and for females it was: ISB = - .041 (positive valuation) - .082 (eating habits/nutrition) with a strength of R 2 = .643; F = 42.69; p < .01, which explains 64% of the variance. The comparative analysis determined that male dental students are at a greater risk of developing IBS due to stress. Therefore, programs aimed at a timely identification of the stress risk variables would be recommended to prevent consequences to the health, inadequate academic performance and wellbeing of dental students in Mexico.

Resumen El síndrome del intestino irritable es un trastorno gastrointestinal funcional asociado al estrés que puede presentarse en un contexto educativo, dado que los estudiantes están expuestos a exigencias del entorno académico durante su proceso de formación que pueden derivar en el desarrollo de enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la correlación y los valores predictivos entre el Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) con el estrés, teniendo en cuenta la variable género, en estudiantes mexicanos de odontología en una universidad pública. El diseño fue transversal con 740 estudiantes de odontología. Se utilizó el Perfil de Estrés de Nowack y los criterios ROMA III para identificar el SII. Se construyeron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple donde la variable dependiente fue el SII y las independientes fueron las variables del Perfil de estrés. Tales modelos fueron construidos para cada sexo y se compararon sus resultados. El modelo para SII en los hombres fue significativo en las siguientes variables: SII = - 1.454 (concentración del problema) + .315 (valoración negativa) - .390 (red de apoyo social) + .513 (conducta tipo A) - .464 (descanso/sueño), con una fuerza de R 2 = .685; F = 75.72; p < .01 explicando el 68% de la varianza; y para las mujeres fue: ISB = - .041 (valoración positiva) - .082 (alimentación/nutrición) con una fuerza de R 2 = .643; F = 42.69; p < .01 explicando el 64% de la varianza. El análisis comparativo determinó que los hombres estudiantes de odontología tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar SII por estrés, por lo que se recomienda establecer programas dirigidos a la identificación oportuna de variables en situación de riesgo para estrés, buscando evitar sus consecuencias para la salud y el inadecuado desempeño académico en estudiantes mexicanos de odontología.

The Impact of Biosecurity on Biological and Psychosocial Risks for Health Workers of COVID Hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Some data support that health care workers (HCWs) must have sufficient and good quality personal protective equipment (PPE) and the necessary training to manage COVID patients to avoid contagion that can lead to death. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between biosafety on the biological risks of SARS-CoV-2 and risks of fatigue, anxiety, or depression in health workers who care for patients in COVID hospitals, from September 2020 to August 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The questionnaire used in this study (Q6S64I) consisted of 6 spheres: Sociodemographic aspects, working conditions; Personal Protection Equipment; safety and health; training and knowledge about COVID-19, the form of transport, and personal health conditions. The answers were online. The Goldberg questionnaire (EADG) measures anxiety and depression, and the questionnaire measures fatigue (Barrientos-Gutiérrez et al.) (PSSF). RESULTS: In total, 76.5% of the HCWs were doctors, 25.2% worked in the emergency services, 79.3% received PPE from their institution, 82.9% cared for COVID-19 patients, and 27.9% tested positive for COVID-19. The PPE provided by the employer was 80%, but the quality was deficient, insufficient, and associated with a relative risk of 4.6. A total of 99% acquired better PPE on their own. The exposure to COVID-19 and the surgical mask provided by the institution had an associated relative risk of 2.8 for the HCWs. A total of 39% of the HCWs reported being calm. CONCLUSIONS: PPE, risk exposure, and safety at work were significantly associated with drowsiness and heaviness, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and depression.

Efecto del biofeedback en la satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de la industria joyera en México / Effect of biofeedback on job satisfaction in jewelry workers in México

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar cuál es el efecto que tiene la técnica de biofeedback de la respiración en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de una industria joyera en Guadalajara, México. Materiales y Métodos La investigación fue un estudio cuasiexperimental pre y postest en grupos aleatorizados en tres fases: diagnóstico, intervención y evaluación. Para los resultados se utilizó el ANOVA, durante el año 2020. Resultados Los resultados muestran las diferencias significativas en el aumento de la motivación entre el grupo experimental y control en el postest, no así para la dimensión de satisfacción laboral y la dimensión de jerarquía. Conclusión La aplicación de la técnica del biofeedback de la respiración mostró solo ser eficiente en la dimensión de la motivación de la satisfacción laboral, aunque con un efecto bajo en el personal de una empresa joyera, por lo que es necesario continuar buscando herramientas que puedan aumentar la satisfacción laboral en todas sus dimensiones.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of the biofeedback technique of respiration on the job satisfaction of workers in the jewelry industry in Guadalajara, Mexico. Materials and Methods The research was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest study in randomized groups divided in three phases: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. For the results, ANOVA was used, during the year 2020. Results The results show a significant difference in the increase in motivation between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test, however not for the dimension of job satisfaction or the dimension of hierarchy. Conclusions The application of the biofeedback technique of respiration only showed to be efficient in the motivation dimension of job satisfaction, although with a low effect on the personnel of a jewelry company. Therefore, it is necessary to continue looking for tools that can increase the job satisfaction in all its dimensions.

Saúde Mental Positiva Ocupacional: proposta de modelo teórico para abordagem positiva da saúde mental no trabalho / Occupational Positive Mental Health: proposal of a theoretical model for the positive approach of mental health at work / Salud Mental Positiva Ocupacional: propuesta de un modelo teórico para el abordaje positivo de la salud mental en el trabajo

Resumo Propõe-se um modelo teórico para a abordagem da saúde mental positiva ocupacional baseado na psicologia positiva, a psicologia ecológica, a salutogênese e o humanismo. O modelo compreende uma estrutura de seis fatores: bem-estar pessoal no trabalho, relações interpessoais positivas no trabalho, filosofia da vida laboral, empoderamento no trabalho, fortalezas pessoais no trabalho, e imersão no serviço; que é traduzido em quatro dimensões: cognitiva, socioafetiva, de comportamento e espiritual. Para fundamentar essa proposta, foi realizada uma análise dos dois principais posicionamentos referentes a saúde mental: o tradicional, predominantemente negativo, centrado na supressão ou ausência de doença, e o positivo, focado na promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento de círculos virtuosos. Derivado da análise, encontramos uma postura mista e vazios teóricos que justificam a proposta de um modelo autenticamente positivo. Finalizamos com algumas conclusões e implicações práticas de relevância para esse tema.

Abstract We propose a theoretical model for the approach of Occupational Positive Mental Health based on positive psychology, ecologic psychology, salutogenesis and humanism. The model has a six-factor structure: personal wellbeing at work, positive interpersonal relationships at work, work-life philosophy, empowerment at work, personal strengths at work, and task immersion. These six aspects are translated into four dimensions: cognitive, socio-affective, behavioral, and spiritual. In order to support this proposal, an analysis of the two main approaches to mental health was developed, the traditional, focused on the negative, the suppression or absence of sickness, and the positive, focused on health promotion and the development of virtuous circles. Derived from the analysis, we found a mixed approach and a theoretical shortage that justify the need of an authentic positive model proposition. We finalize with some conclusions and practice implications of social relevance for the topic.

Resumen Se propone un modelo teórico para el abordaje de la salud mental positiva ocupacional basado en la psicología positiva, la psicología ecológica, la salutogénesis y el humanismo. El modelo comprende una estructura de seis factores: bienestar personal en el trabajo, relaciones interpersonales positivas en el trabajo, filosofía de vida laboral, empoderamiento en el trabajo, fortalezas personales en el trabajo, e inmersión en la tarea; lo cual se traduce en cuatro dimensiones; cognitiva, socioafectiva, comportamental y espiritual. Para fundamentar esta propuesta, se realizó un análisis de los dos principales posicionamientos referente a la salud mental, el tradicional, predominantemente negativo, centrado en la supresión o ausencia de enfermedad, y el positivo, enfocado en la promoción de la salud y desarrollo de círculos virtuosos. Derivado del análisis, encontramos una postura mixta y vacíos teóricos que justifican la propuesta de un modelo auténticamente positivo. Finalizamos con algunas conclusiones y las implicaciones prácticas de relevancia social para este tema.

Relación entre factores psicosociales, agotamiento emocional laboral y burnout en odontólogos mexicanos / Relationship between Psychosocial Factors, Work Emotional Exhaustion and Burnout in Mexican Dentists

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación de factores psicosociales con agotamiento emocional laboral y el síndrome de burnout. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se usó la Escala de Agotamiento Laboral, el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y el Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales referido a aspectos personales, sociales y de trayecto. Se formaron dos grupos: 72 dentistas docentes pareados con 72 de práctica privada. Los resultados determinaron relación directa entre la dimensión trayecto de los factores psicosociales con tensión laboral (AEL) y cansancio emocional (MBI); pero, relación inversa con realización personal (MBI). Se encontraron niveles altos de tensión laboral y dificultad en la relación con los compañeros en dentistas docentes. No hubo diferencia en los niveles de burnout entre los grupos.

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the relationship among psychosocial factor, emotional labor exhaustion and burnout syndrome. In semi structured interviews, 144 participants completed self-report Questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and a Questionnaire to identify psychosocial factors which refers to personal, social or path (home-work-home) problems. The sample consisted of two groups of dentists: 72 teachers paired with 72 of private practice. The results showed direct relationship among psychosocial risk factor of path with job strain and emotional exhaustion, and inverse relationship with personal accomplishment. High levels of job strain and difficulty in peer relationships were reported in teaching dentists. No difference was found in levels of burnout among groups.

[Representation of self-care of health at work among urban bus drivers in Guadalajara, Mexico]. / Representación del autocuidado de la salud en el trabajo de conductores de autobús urbano de Guadalajara, México.

This study aimed to analyze the social representations of health self-care at work among urban bus drivers in Guadalajara, Mexico. The methodology was qualitative, with a multi-method design based on the theory of social representations. The first stage involved active observation sessions with the information recorded in field notes; in the second stage, the associative letter technique and successively hierarchized trees technique were applied to 20 drivers, submitting the data to a classical analysis of the free associations; a third stage involved semi-structured interviews with 4 drivers, submitted to content analysis. The results indicate that structurally, the representation is centered on alimentation, presenting the concepts rest and corrective health care at peripheral levels. Procedurally, the represeentation centers in the psychosocial factors derived from the working conditions, while the rest of the work characteristics are seen as low risk to health. The self-care actions mentioned by the participants only focus on the workinging conditions perceived as risky. The social representation of health self-care at work is a collective mental construction, developed and modified through social interactions, which influences self-care measures used against the risks perceived in the workplace.

Validation of Health Behavior and Stages of Change Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The transtheoretical model (TTM) has been widely used to promote healthy behaviors in different groups. However, a questionnaire has not yet been developed to evaluate the health behaviors that medical practitioners often consider in individuals with cancer or at a high risk of developing cancer. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to construct and validate the Health Behavior and Stages of Change Questionnaire (HBSCQ), which is based on the TTM and health recommendations related to risk and factors that protect against cancer. METHODS: Content validity was conducted in two phases (qualitative and quantitative). Item difficulty index, item discrimination index, and discrimination coefficient were obtained based on the classical test theory. Finally, Cronbach's alpha was used. RESULTS: Measure of concordance showed scores considered adequate and excellent. The item discrimination index obtained a rating of "excellent" and suggested the preservation of all items. The discrimination coefficient scores are >0.74. The global internal consistency of the HBSCQ was 0.384. HBSCQ specification between groups of internal consistency for the sample of men was 0.712 and that for the sample of women was 0.378. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The HBSCQ represents a proposal for a fast, simple, and innovative screening test, which aims to identify persons who may benefit from interventions to promote health behaviors delimited to the stage of change.

Representación del autocuidado de la salud en el trabajo de conductores de autobús urbano de Guadalajara, México / Representation of self-care of health at work among urban bus drivers in Guadalajara, Mexico / Representação do autocuidado da saúde no trabalho de motoristas de ônibus urbano em Guadalajara, México

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las representaciones sociales del autocuidado de la salud en el trabajo en conductores de autobús urbano de Guadalajara, México. La metodología fue cualitativa, con un diseño multimétodo, basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. En una primera etapa se efectuaron sesiones de observación participante, la información se registró en notas de campo; en una segunda fase se aplicaron las técnicas de la carta asociativa y los tris jerarquizados sucesivos a 20 conductores, los datos se sometieron a análisis clásico de las asociaciones libres; en una tercera etapa se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 4 conductores, siendo sometidas a análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que, estructuralmente, la representación se centra en la alimentación, presentándose en niveles periféricos el descanso y el cuidado correctivo de la salud. Procesualmente, la representación gira en torno a los factores psicosociales que se desprenden de las condiciones de trabajo, el resto de las características del ejercicio laboral se consideran poco riesgosas para la salud. Las acciones de autocuidado mencionadas se enfocan en las condiciones de trabajo percibidas como riesgosas. La representación social del autocuidado de la salud en el trabajo es una construcción mental colectiva, desarrollada y modificada a través de la interacción social, la cual influye en las acciones de autocuidado empleadas frente a los riesgos existentes en el entorno laboral.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the social representations of health self-care at work among urban bus drivers in Guadalajara, Mexico. The methodology was qualitative, with a multi-method design based on the theory of social representations. The first stage involved active observation sessions with the information recorded in field notes; in the second stage, the associative letter technique and successively hierarchized trees technique were applied to 20 drivers, submitting the data to a classical analysis of the free associations; a third stage involved semi-structured interviews with 4 drivers, submitted to content analysis. The results indicate that structurally, the representation is centered on alimentation, presenting the concepts rest and corrective health care at peripheral levels. Procedurally, the represeentation centers in the psychosocial factors derived from the working conditions, while the rest of the work characteristics are seen as low risk to health. The self-care actions mentioned by the participants only focus on the workinging conditions perceived as risky. The social representation of health self-care at work is a collective mental construction, developed and modified through social interactions, which influences self-care measures used against the risks perceived in the workplace.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as representações sociais do autocuidado da saúde no trabalho dos motoristas de ônibus urbano de Guadalajara, México. A metodologia foi qualitativa, com uma abordagem multimétodo, baseada na teoria das representações sociais. Em uma primeira etapa foram efetuadas sessões de observação participante, a informação foi registrada em anotações de campo; na segunda fase foram aplicadas técnicas de cartas associativas e momentos hierárquicos sucessivos a 20 motoristas, cujos dados foram submetidos à análise clássico das associações livres; em uma terceira etapa foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a quatro motoristas, sendo submetidas a análises de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que, estruturalmente, a representação está focada na alimentação, apresentando-se em níveis periféricos o descanso, junto com o cuidado correto da saúde. Processualmente, a representação vira em torno dos fatores psicossociais, que se desprendem das condições de trabalho, o resto das características da atividade laboral foi considerado pouco arriscado para a saúde. As ações de autocuidado citadas foram focadas às condições de trabalho percebidas como arriscadas. A representação social do autocuidado da saúde no trabalho é uma construção mental coletiva, desenvolvida e modificada através da interação social, a qual influencia as ações de autocuidado empregadas frente aos riscos existentes no entorno laboral.

Calidad de vida laboral en trabajadores de la salud, Tamaulipas, México 2010 / Quality of work life among health workers, Tamaulipas, Mexico 2010

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de satisfacción con la calidad de vidalaboral en trabajadores del sector salud. Método y Materiales. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en una muestra aleatoria de372 trabajadores de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Tamaulipas, México, mediante un cuestionario para datos socio-laborales y un instrumento para medir Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo. Resultados: Grupo con edad productiva entre 25 y 55 años, una capacitación de 45% con licenciatura. El 26% cuenta con dos trabajos y el 10% reporta ausentismo laboral. Dos tercios tienen plaza laboral segura. Se muestran trabajadores insatisfechos con procesos de trabajo,baja motivación, poca satisfacción personal y seguridad laboral. Sinoportunidades de progreso por escalafón. Ven injusta su remuneración.Reportan problemas de salud relacionados con el trabajo, tienen mala administración del tiempo libre y laboral, no programan descanso ni recreación, lo que afecta su salud. Conclusiones: Este estudio constituye el primer intento para diagnosticar la satisfacción con la calidad de vida laboral en trabajadores de la saludpública en México. Las percepciones de éstos reflejan una realidad laboral que podría afectar las metas de la institución, la calidad de sus servicios y la posibilidad de manifestaciones de inconformidad en el futuro a menos que se detecten las causas de la insatisfacción y sean resueltas gradualmente.

Objective: To determine the satisfaction level with the quality of work life among employees from the health sector. Method and Materials: An analytic and cross-sectional study was conducted in asample of 372 workers from the Secretariat of Health in the State ofTamaulipas, Mexico. A questionnaire for social-labor data and an instrument for assessing the quality of work life were applied. Results: A group with a productive age from 25 to 55 years old in which 45% has bachelor’s degrees, 26% has two jobs, 10% shows jobabsenteeism and two thirds holds a permanent position. Employees are dissatisfied with work processes. Both their motivation and personal satisfaction as well as employment security are low. They also perceive a lack of career progress opportunities and think their salary is unfair. Employees report work-related health problems, due to the poor use of laboral and leisure time, and lack of breaks orrecreation. Conclusions: This study is the first attempt to diagnose the satisfaction in relation to the quality of work life among public health employees in Mexico. Their perceptions reflect a situation that could affect the goals of the institution, quality of service and possibility of future demonstrations of discontent, unless causes are solved gradually.

Elaboración y validación del instrumento para medir calidad de vida en el trabajo “CVT-GOHISALO” / Development and validation of an instrument for measuring quality of life at the workplace “CVT-GOHISALO”

Este trabajo presenta un instrumento de elaboración propia, que mide la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo (CVT) en población mexicana, el mismo que fue sometido a un proceso de validación de contenido, constructo y criterio, garantizando propiedades psicométricas que aseguran medir el concepto en la población estudiada. La validación de contenido se realizó por consulta a expertos, considerando los criterios básicos de Moriyama. La de constructo se ejecutó mediante análisis factorial y para la validación de criterio fue utilizado como criterio externo el Cuestionario General de Salud de Goldberg de 28 ítems. Los expertos concordaron con una calificación global mayor al 70 por ciento para todos los ítems del cuestionario. Se estableció la relación teórica entre los conceptos y, con el análisis multifactorial, se corroboró la distribución de los ítems en siete dimensiones, calculando una validez relevante total para el cuestionario de 0.68. Para la validez de criterio, se utilizó la prueba de Mantel-Haenszel para chi cuadrado, en forma separada por cada dimensión. La confiabilidad del instrumento se midió con el coeficiente o índice Alpha de Cronbach, obteniéndose un valor de 0.9527. En conclusión, el instrumento construido logró la validez y confiabilidad necesarias para medir la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo en la población estudiada.

This work presents an instrument developed by us, that measures the Quality of Life at the workplace in Mexican population, which underwent a process of content, constructo and criterion validation, guaranteeing psychometric properties that ensure an appropriate measuring of the concept in the population studied. The content validation was made by consultation to experts, according to the basic criteria of Moriyama. The constructo validation was carried out by means of factorial analysis and, the Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire of 28 items was used for the criterion validation as an external criterion. The experts agreed on a global qualification higher than 70 percent for all the items of the questionnaire. The theoretical relationship between the concepts was established and, by multifactorial analysis, the distribution of the items in seven dimensions was corroborated, calculating a total relevant validity for the questionnaire of 0.68. For the criterion validity, the Mantel-Haenszel’s chi-squared test was used separately per each dimension. The reliability of the instrument was measured with the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient or index, obtaining a value of 0.9527. In conclusion, the instrument developed obtained the validity and reliability necessary to measure the Quality of Life at the Workplace in the population studied.

Perfil de estrés y síndrome de burnout en estudiantes mexicanos de odontología de una universidad pública / Stress profile and burnout syndrome in Mexican dental students of a public university

Introduction: The burnout syndrome is a result of chronic stress that affects people who care for others. Its dimensions are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The answer to the requirements of the environment depends on the own personal disposition to meet the demands, so, an adaptive stress profile consists of protective reliable resources, positive and significant for health. Method: 60 dental students of a public university with full-time academic load and clinical practice were evaluated. The test of Nowack Stress Profile and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were answered, in order to identify protective variables against this syndrome. Results: We found significant association between emotional exhaustion and stressful situations and low cognitive strength; to experience little psychological well-being with depersonalization; lack of minimizing the threat and low psychological well-being with the lack of personal accomplishment of the burnout syndrome. Levels of burnout in these students are high: 27 percent with emotional exhaustion, 37 percent had depersonalization, and the 50 percent with reduced personal accomplishment. Conclusion: The statistical regression analysis determined that the weak cognitive strength, the stressful situations, the negative valuation and the behavior type A are predictors of burnout syndrome, while having good social support networks and psychological well-being with variables inversely correlated with this suffering. Assessments of the potential of personality in the formative stage of students with timely interventions can prevent misalignments to meet the stress.

Introducción: El síndrome de burnout es el resultado de un estrés crónico que afecta a las personas que cuidan a otras y cuyo alcance es: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y una menor realización personal. La respuesta a los requerimientos del entorno depende de la diposición personal para cumplir con ellos, de manera que un perfil de stress adaptativo se constituye con recursos protectores confiables, positivos y significativos para la salud. Método: se evaluó 60 estudiantes de una universidad pública con carga académica y práctica clínica de tiempo completo. A fin de identificar las variables protectoras contra este síndrome, se aplicaron el Perfil de Estrés de Nowack y el Maslach Burnout Inventory. Resultados: Encontramos una significativa asociación entre el cansancio emocional y situaciones estresantes y una baja fuerza cognitiva; poco bienestar psicológico con despersonalización; falta de minimización de la amenaza y poco bienestar psicológico con falta de realización personal en el síndrome de burnout. Los niveles de burnout en estos estudiantes son altos: 27 por ciento con cansancio emocional, 37 por ciento tenía despersonalización y el 50 por ciento con una menor realización personal. Conclusión: El análisis del modelo de regresión estadístico determinó que la débil fuerza cognitiva, las situaciones estresantes, la valoración negativa y el comportamiento tipo A son predictores del síndrome de burnout, en tanto que tienen buenas redes de apoyo social y bienestar psicológico con variables inversamente correlacionadas con esta dolencia. Las evaluaciones del potencial de personalidad en la etapa deformación de los estudiantes con intervenciones oportunas pueden evitar un desalineamiento para enfrentar el estrés.

Trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en odontólogos de una institución pública de Guadalajara, México / Musculoskeletal disorders among dentists of a public institution of Guadalajara, Mexico

Objetivo: Identificar los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos que reportan sentir odontólogos a partir de trabajo clínico realizado en una institución pública del Municipio de Guadalajara, México. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico con 10 odontólogos que trabajan en cinco equipos dentales diferentes. Se valoró con el Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado de Kourinka (Kourinka et al. 1987) para el análisis de síntomas músculo-esqueléticos. Resultados: Participaron 5 hombres y 5 mujeres con antigüedad promedio de 27 años y 53 horas semanales de trabajo. Los participantes reportan tener dolores en cuello (40 por ciento), hombros (30 por ciento), codo (20 por ciento), muñeca y mano (40 por ciento), parte superior de espalda (60 por ciento), espalda baja (50 por ciento), cadera o muslo (40 por ciento), rodillas (40 por ciento) y, finalmente, en tobillos (30 por ciento) durante los últimos siete días. Conclusiones: En este estudio se puede observar una alta ocurrencia de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos que se propiciaron en el desempeño de sus actividades profesionales, por tener que realizar trabajo repetitivo, posturas inadecuadas, vibración, entre otras. Por lo tanto, cada músculo, nervio o tendón que intervino en el trabajo clínico, se vio afectado por los riesgos ergonómicos; así la prevención dependerá de la capacitación y del conocimiento sobre posturas odontológicas ergonómicas.

Objective: To identify skeletal muscle disorders that dentists reported feeling from clinical work done in a public institution of the Municipality of Guadalajara, Mexico. Method: We conducted an observational analytic study with 10 dentists working in five different dental equipment. The questionnaire was evaluated with standardized Nordic Kourinka (Kourinka et al. 1987) for the analysis of musculo-skeletal symptoms. Results: 5 men and 5 women with average age 27 years and 53 hours per week of work. The participants reported having pain in the neck (40 percent), shoulder (30 percent), elbow (20 percent), wrist and hand (40 percent), upper back (60 percent), lower back (50 percent), hip or thigh (40 percent), knee (40 percent) and finally, ankles (30 percent) over the past seven days. Conclusions: In this study we can observe a high occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders that are favored in the performance of their professional activities, by having to perform repetitive work, poor posture, vibration, among others. Therefore, every muscle, nerve or tendon involved in clinical work, will be affected by ergonomic hazards and prevention depends on the training and knowledge about dental ergonomic positions.

Factores psicosociales laborales y Síndrome de Burnout, diferencias entre hombres y mujeres docentes de secundaria, Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México / Occupational psychosocial and burnout syndrome: differences among male and female high school teachers, metropolitan area of Guadalajara, México

Objetivo: identificar las diferencias de los factores psicosociales laborales y el Síndrome de Burnout en hombres y mujeres docentes de secundaria de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Material y métodos: el estudio es observacional transversal yanalítico en una muestra de probabilística de 186 mujeres y 171hombres. Se utilizó la escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory y la Batería de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo Académico. Resultados: 84,1% de mujeres y 77,2% de hombres presentaron alguna dimensión de la escala de Maslasch “quemada”. Ambosidentificaron la presencia de factores psicosociales laborales, encontrando relación (p < 0,05) con el Síndrome de Burnout en los hombres con las condiciones de trabajo, el contenido y características de la tarea y la interacción social y en las mujeres con exigencias laborales. Conclusión: hombres y mujeres perciben por igual la presencia de factores psicosociales laborales, existiendo diferencias por género entre estos y el Síndrome de Burnout.

Objective: To identify the sex differences in labor psycho-social factorsand the Burnout Syndrome prevalence in middle school teachers, from Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone. Material and methods: This is an cross-sectional and analytical study with a probabilistic sample of 186 women 171 men. The scale of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Psycho-social Factors for Academic Work Inventory were used.Results: 84.1% of women and 77.2% of men presented some altered dimension on the MBI scale. Both groups identified the presence of negative labor psycho-social factors. In men was found a relationship (p <.05) among the burnout syndrome and the work conditions, workcontent, task characteristics and social interaction and in the women withlabor exigencies. Conclusion: Men and women perceive presence of negative labor psycho-social factors, but there are differences between them and theBurnout syndrome occurrence.