Clinical Theragnostic Relationship between Drug-Resistance Specific miRNA Expressions, Chemotherapeutic Resistance, and Sensitivity in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Awareness of breast cancer has been increasing due to early detection, but the advanced disease has limited treatment options. There has been growing evidence on the role of miRNAs involved in regulating the resistance in several cancers. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of miRNAs in influencing the chemoresistance and sensitivity of breast cancer. A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed and Science Direct based on the search strategy, and studies published until December 2018 were retrieved. The eligible studies were included based on the selection criteria, and a detailed systematic review and meta-analysis were performed based on PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model was utilised to evaluate the combined effect size of the obtained hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals from the eligible studies. Publication bias was assessed with Cochran's Q test, I2 statistic, Orwin and Classic fail-safe N test, Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test, Duval and Tweedie trim and fill calculation and the Egger's bias indicator. A total of 4584 potential studies were screened. Of these, 85 articles were eligible for our systematic review and meta-analysis. In the 85 studies, 188 different miRNAs were studied, of which 96 were upregulated, 87 were downregulated and 5 were not involved in regulation. Overall, 24 drugs were used for treatment, with doxorubicin being prominently reported in 15 studies followed by Paclitaxel in 11 studies, and 5 drugs were used in combinations. We found only two significant HR values from the studies (miR-125b and miR-4443) and our meta-analysis results yielded a combined HR value of 0.748 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.508-1.100; p-value of 0.140. In conclusion, our results suggest there are different miRNAs involved in the regulation of chemoresistance through diverse drug genetic targets. These biomarkers play a crucial role in guiding the effective diagnostic and prognostic efficiency of breast cancer. The screening of miRNAs as a theragnostic biomarker must be brought into regular practice for all diseases. We anticipate that our study serves as a reference in framing future studies and clinical trials for utilising miRNAs and their respective drug targets.

Diagnostic and prognostic role of HE4 expression in multiple carcinomas: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) protein has garnered a great degree of interest as a complementary biomarker to carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), or even as an independent biomarker for monitoring, diagnosis, and prognostication of ovarian cancer. Its use is currently limited to ovarian cancer. Recent studies have suggested that it could also be used in other types of cancers. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines was used to design this meta-analysis protocol. The final study will also be conducted under the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The core bibliographic database search will be carried out by 2 reviewers working individually, with each conducting an initial screening based on titles and abstracts. The shortlisted articles will be selected for review and statistical analysis based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study characteristics, relevant clinicopathological characteristics and statistical data required for meta-analysis (hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence interval [CIs) will be extracted and compiled into a MS Excel datasheet. Meta-analysis will be performed, using a random-effects model, and the results (pooled HR and 95% CI) will be presented in the form of a forest plot. Publication bias will also be assessed by use of Egger bias indicator test and funnel plot symmetry. If data are insufficient, a narrative line of review will be pursued. DISCUSSION: HE4 protein has been shown to have great potential for clinical use as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, HE4 is not only limited to expression in ovarian cancer, but is also overexpressed in lung and endometrial cancers. The effectiveness of HE4 as a biomarker in cancers (other than EOC) has not yet been studied in the form of a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of this study should allow for expanded use of HE4 as a multiutility biomarker in multiple cancer types, thereby, elevating HE4's value as a cancer biomarker. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42019120326.

Hexamine Role on Pseudocapacitive Behaviour of Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) Nanopowders.

Influence of hexamine surfactant concentration on crystallite size, structure, morphology, vibrational and optical properties of cobalt oxide nanopowders were explored. The cobalt oxide nanopowders were synthesized by employing a simple chemical reduction method using cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2 ·6H2O) as precursor and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reducing agent along with hexamine as surfactant. XRD studies revealed the formation of face-centered cubic (Fd3m) crystalline structure of Co3O4 with an average crystallite size of 8-18 nm. The observed prominent characteristic Raman active modes of A1g, Eg, and F2g revealed the formation of Co3O4 nanopowders. The optical properties of Co3O4 nanopowders are examined by photoluminescence spectra. The obtained IR results confirmed the formation of Co3O4 nanopowders. The band observed 569 cm-1 is the characteristic of the Co3+ ions in the octahedral hole vibration and the 665 cm-1 band is attributable to the Co2+ ions in the tetrahedral hole vibration in the cubic lattice. The estimated specific capacitance of the obtained Co3O4 nanopowders was 291 F/g at 10 mV/s which could be a potential candidate for pseudo capacitive nature of the active materials.