Masked Spatial-Spectral Autoencoders Are Excellent Hyperspectral Defenders.

Deep learning (DL) methodology contributes a lot to the development of hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis community. However, it also makes HSI analysis systems vulnerable to adversarial attacks. To this end, we propose a masked spatial-spectral autoencoder (MSSA) in this article under self-supervised learning theory, for enhancing the robustness of HSI analysis systems. First, a masked sequence attention learning (MSAL) module is conducted to promote the inherent robustness of HSI analysis systems along spectral channel. Then, we develop a graph convolutional network (GCN) with learnable graph structure to establish global pixel-wise combinations. In this way, the attack effect would be dispersed by all the related pixels among each combination, and a better defense performance is achievable in spatial aspect. Finally, to improve the defense transferability and address the problem of limited labeled samples, MSSA employs spectra reconstruction as a pretext task and fits the datasets in a self-supervised manner. Comprehensive experiments over three benchmarks verify the effectiveness of MSSA in comparison with the state-of-the-art hyperspectral classification methods and representative adversarial defense strategies.

Collection, nucleic acid release, amplification, and visualization platform for rapid field detection of rice false smut.

Rice false smut (RFS) has brought serious food safety problems to the world. Reliable diagnostic tools are needed for the field detection of RFS. Traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is inefficient due to sample transport and preparation, which cannot adapt to the needs of field detection. Herein, we successfully developed a simple, portable microfluidic test platform to rapidly detect RFS. To simplify the operation, we integrated spore purification, nucleic acid release, and amplification into one chip. A micro air pump was used to separate the spores from the impurities and complete the collection of the spores through the airflow. We rapidly lysed spores and released nucleic acids by the benzyl chloride method. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) products could be combined with SYBR Green I to observe the results visually. On-chip sample tests showed that the spore collection efficiency was approximately 78%. By providing on-chip detection results, the chip had 100% specificity and a detection limit of 100 copies/reaction. At the same time, the stability (CV < 5%) and quantitative ability (R2 = 0.989) of the chip were also guaranteed. Through the visual detection of large samples, the on-chip detection results were highly concordant with the classical RT-PCR detection results, and the detection timeliness was greatly enhanced. Compared with RT-PCR, the single-sample detection time was shortened by about twenty minutes. The proposed micro-diagnostic tool did not require any large end-point detection instruments and avoided the complicated operation of nucleic acid extraction. As a result, in the future, our microfluidic chip could be used for rapid and real-time monitoring and early warning of rice false smut spores in rice paddies.

Research on the Application of Visual Recognition in the Engine Room of Intelligent Ships.

In the engine room of intelligent ships, visual recognition is an essential technical precondition for automatic inspection. At present, the problems of visual recognition in marine engine rooms include missing detection, low accuracy, slow speed, and imperfect datasets. For these problems, this paper proposes a marine engine room equipment recognition model based on the improved You Only Look Once v5 (YOLOv5) algorithm. The channel pruning method based on batch normalization (BN) layer weight value is used to improve the recognition speed. The complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss function and hard-swish activation function are used to enhance detection accuracy. Meanwhile, soft-NMS is used as the non-maximum suppression (NMS) method to reduce the false rate and missed detection rate. Then, the main equipment in the marine engine room (MEMER) dataset is built. Finally, comparative experiments and ablation experiments are carried out on the MEMER dataset to verify the strategy's efficacy on the model performance boost. Specifically, this model can accurately detect 100.00% of diesel engines, 95.91% of pumps, 94.29% of coolers, 98.54% of oil separators, 64.21% of meters, 60.23% of reservoirs, and 75.32% of valves in the actual marine engine room.

Polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and gene-lipid interaction with hypertension risk in Chinese coal miners: A matched case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: Low serum adiponectin level can predict hypertension development, and adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms have been reported to be linked with hypertension risk. Whereas, the interaction between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and environmental factors on the susceptibility of hypertension remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with hypertension risk and their interaction with lipid levels in coal miners. METHODS: A matched case-control study with 296 case-control pairs was performed in a large coal mining group located in North China. The participants were questioned by trained interviewers, and their ADIPOQ genotype and lipid levels were determined. Logistic regression, stratified analysis, and crossover analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of rs2241766, rs1501299, and rs266729 genotypes and gene-lipid interaction on hypertension risk. RESULTS: In this matched case-control study, the genotypes of rs2241766 TG+GG, rs1501299 GT+TT, and rs266729 CG+GG were marginally related to hypertension risk. Individuals with high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level were susceptible to hypertension (TC: odds ratio [OR] = 1.807, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] = 1.266-2.581; LDL-C: OR = 1.981, 95%CI = 1.400-2.803; HDL-C: OR = 1.559, 95%CI = 1.093-2.223). Antagonistic interactions were detected between rs2241766 and TC, rs1501299 and TC, rs2241766 and LDL-C, and rs1501299 and HDL-C (rs2241766 and TC: OR = 0.393, 95%CI = 0.191-0.806; rs1501299 and TC: OR = 0.445, 95%CI = 0.216-0.918; rs2241766 and LDL-C: OR = 0.440, 95%CI = 0.221-0.877; rs1501299 and HDL-C: OR = 0.479, 95%CI = 0.237-0.967). Stratified analysis showed that hypertension risk was high for the subjects with rs2241766 TG+GG or rs1501299 GG under the low lipid level but low for those under the high lipid level. In the case group, the TC and LDL-C levels for rs2241766 TG+GG were lower than those for rs2241766 GG, and the TC and HDL-C levels for rs1501299 GT+TT were higher than those for rs1501299 GG. CONCLUSIONS: Although the effects of ADIPOQ polymorphisms alone were not remarkable, an antagonistic interaction was observed between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and lipid levels.

Analysis of factors influencing postoperative drainage time in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the related factors affecting the postoperative indwelling time of drainage tubes (hereinafter referred to as drainage time) in breast cancer (BC) and evaluate the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) preparation on reducing postoperative drainage time. METHODS: The clinical data of 165 BC patients in our hospital, including the postoperative drainage time and occurrence of seroma and related complications (such as fever, incision infection, and flap necrosis) after extubation, were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate, multivariate, and stratified analyses were used to determine the correlations between 15 factors including age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and PA-MSHA preparation, and the postoperative total drainage volume and drainage time. RESULTS: Age, BMI, and PA-MSHA preparation were independent factors affecting the postoperative drainage volume and drainage time of BC patients. Age and BMI were positively correlated with postoperative drainage volume and drainage time (P≤0.004, P≤0.037). PA-MSHA preparation significantly reduced the postoperative total drainage volume and drainage time (P<0.001), decreased the incidence of seroma after extubation (P=0.024), and did not increase complications (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Obese and elderly patients were at a significantly high risk of a high drainage volume and long drainage time. Local treatment with PA-MSHA preparation had the advantages of reducing postoperative drainage volume, reducing drainage time, preventing seroma, and not increasing complications, and was a safe and effective treatment. For BC patients aged over 60 years and with a BMI ≥25, the intraoperative local spraying of wounds with PA-MSHA preparation to reduce postoperative drainage times is a valuable option.

The effect of subcutaneous local spraying of Pseudomonas aeruginosa preparation to reduce postoperative drainage time in patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous local spraying of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) preparation (PAP) to reduce the postoperative drainage time in patients with breast cancer (BC). METHODS: The PAP was prepared from an inactivated P. aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) strain, a genetically engineered heat-inactivated PA strain with, mannose-sensitive binding activity, which can induce tumor cell apoptosis. This study is its retrospective nature, a total of 65 BC patients (PAP group) who underwent subcutaneous local spraying of PAP in the operation area at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between June 2019 and October 2019, and 32 BC patients without treatment (non-PAP group, without intraoperative subcutaneous local spraying of PAP in the operation area) were enrolled. Daily drainage volume, drainage time, presence of seroma after extubation, and treatment complications (such as fever, incision infection, and flap necrosis) were recorded. RESULTS: No significant differences in age, height, weight, age of initial menstruation, menopause, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, lymph node metastasis, or treatment complications were found between the two groups (P>0.05). Drainage volume and drainage time in the PAP group were significantly lower than those in the non-PAP group (P<0.001). Additionally, the incidence of seroma after extubation was significantly lower in the PAP group compared to the non-PAP group (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous local spraying of PAP on the operation area may be helpful to reduce drainage volume, shorten drainage time, and prevent the occurrence of seroma after BC surgery.