Swimming training in college students based on physical fitness / Treinamento de natação em universitários baseado na aptidão física / Entrenamiento de natación en estudiantes universitarios basado en la aptitud física

ABSTRACT Introduction: The current swimming training of college students does not meet the needs for physical fitness, requiring adjustments. Objective: Explore the effects of fitness-based swim training on college students. Methods: Forty volunteers from a university were recruited for the experiment, divided equally and separately by sex into groups A male, A female, B male, and B female. The exercise intensity of male group A and female group A was designed as resting heart rate + 70% * heart rate difference; that of male group B and female group B was designed as resting heart rate + 50% * heart rate difference. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, twice a week. Results: In group A, the forward bending results in the sitting position increased from 13.672 ± 5.8123 cm to 16.368 ± 4.8935 cm after the experiment, and the forward bending results in the sitting position increased from 6.079 ± 4.7637 cm to 18.236 ± 3.9650 cm. The results of both groups were better than those of group B of the same sex. Conclusion: Fitness-based swimming training for college students can improve exercise efficiency by adopting the presented protocol (resting heart rate + 70% * heart rate difference). Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento de natação atual dos estudantes universitários não corresponde às necessidades em prol da aptidão física, necessitando de ajustes. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento de natação baseado na aptidão física dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Foram recrutados 40 voluntários de uma universidade para o experimento, divididos igualmente e separadamente por sexo em grupo A masculino, A feminino, B masculino e B feminino. A intensidade de exercício do grupo masculino A e do grupo feminino A foi projetada como frequência cardíaca em repouso + 70% * diferença de frequência cardíaca; a do grupo masculino B e do grupo feminino B foi projetada como frequência cardíaca em repouso + 50% * diferença de frequência cardíaca. O experimento durou 12 semanas, duas vezes por semana. Resultados: No grupo A, os resultados de flexão para frente na posição sentada aumentaram de 13.672 ± 5.8123 cm para 16.368 ± 4.8935 cm após o experimento, os resultados de flexão para frente na posição sentada aumentaram de 6.079 ± 4.7637 cm para 18.236 ± 3.9650 cm. Os resultados de ambos os grupos foram melhores do que os do grupo B do mesmo sexo. Conclusão: O treinamento de natação baseado na aptidão física dos universitários pode melhorar a eficiência do exercício adotando o protocolo apresentado (frequência cardíaca em repouso + 70% * diferença de frequência cardíaca). Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento actual de natación de los estudiantes universitarios no se corresponde con las necesidades a favor de la forma física, necesitando ajustes. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento de natación basado en la condición física en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Para el experimento se reclutaron 40 voluntarios de una universidad, divididos equitativamente y por separado según el sexo en el grupo A masculino, A femenino, B masculino y B femenino. La intensidad del ejercicio del grupo masculino A y del grupo femenino A se diseñó como frecuencia cardiaca en reposo + 70% * diferencia de frecuencia cardiaca; la del grupo masculino B y del grupo femenino B se diseñó como frecuencia cardiaca en reposo + 50% * diferencia de frecuencia cardiaca. El experimento duró 12 semanas, dos veces por semana. Resultados: En el grupo A, los resultados de flexión hacia delante en posición sentada aumentaron de 13,672 ± 5,8123 cm a 16,368 ± 4,8935 cm tras el experimento, los resultados de flexión hacia delante en posición sentada aumentaron de 6,079 ± 4,7637 cm a 18,236 ± 3,9650 cm. Los resultados de ambos grupos fueron mejores que los del grupo B del mismo sexo. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de natación basado en la condición física de los estudiantes universitarios puede mejorar la eficacia del ejercicio adoptando el protocolo presentado (frecuencia cardiaca en reposo + 70% * diferencia de frecuencia cardiaca). Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Leaf nitrogen have a better relationship with photosynthesis performance across wheat species under elevated CO2 and drought.

Elevated CO2 concentrations and persistent drought are predicted to inhibit the photosynthetic performance and yield of crops. Such effects vary considerably between species groups. Modern cultivated (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) and wild (Triticum dicoccoides Korn L., AABB and Triticum monococcum L., AA) species of wheat were subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (ambient concentration +200 µmol mol-1) and drought (well watered: 75-85% of the field water capacity; drought: 50-60% of the field water capacity) at open-top chamber experimental facilities. Elevated CO2 concentration decreased the limitation of stomatal morphology traits on stomatal conductance regulation. This could compensate the disadvantage of plants who has low stomatal density and large single stomatal area as well as low leaf water use efficiency such as modern wheat Z9023 in drought acclimation in the future CO2 rising world. Moreover, elevated CO2 concentration largely increased the dependence of light harvesting and electron transportation performance per photosynthesis system II reaction center, maximum rubisco carboxylation rate, and maximum Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate on leaf nitrogen concentration across the selected wheat species and water regimes. Modern cultivated cultivars Z9023 and CH58 have higher photosynthetic performance per unit of leaf nitrogen than wild species under elevated CO2 concentrations. The increasing CO2 may present opportunities to breeders and possibly allow them to select for cultivars with better photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency response to future CO2 rising climate.

Molecular Disorder Induces an Unusual Phase Transition in a Potential 2D Chiral Ferroelectric Perovskite.

Two-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites with single chiral and ferroelectricity together with various structural phase transitions provide the possibility for more diverse functional properties. Here, we present a 2D chiral hybrid halide perovskite ferroelectric, [C6 H5 (CH2 )4 NH3 ]2 CdCl4 (4PBA-CdCl4 , 4PBA=4-phenylbutylamine) that experiences two continuous phase transitions from centrosymmetric triclinic P 1 ‾ to polar chiral monoclinic P2 and then to another centrosymmetric tetragonal P4/mmm with increasing temperature, accompanied by symmetry breaking, due to the prominent octahedral distortion and disorder transformation of organic 4PBA cations. In the polar chiral phase, 4PBA-CdCl4 gives a significant CD signal and has a moderate ferroelectric polarization of 0.35 µC/cm2 . In addition, 4PBA-CdCl4 occupies a wide band gap of 4.376 eV that is chiefly contributed by the inorganic CdCl6 octahedron. This finding offers an alternative pathway for designing new phase transitions and related physical properties in hybrid halide perovskites and other hybrid crystals.

Fabrication and release behavior of nitrapyrin Microcapsules: Using modified melamine-formaldehyde resin as shell material.

As a commonly used nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin can significantly improve the utilization of nitrogen in soils. However, the effectiveness of the traditional dosage form of nitrapyrin is reduced by soil adsorption. In this study, nitrapyrin was encapsulated into a melamine-formaldehyde resin microcapsule with good dispersion and release behavior using an in situ polymerization method. The nitrapyrin microcapsules were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and particle-size analysis. The results indicated that the microcapsules had a spherical-shell structure, a uniform morphology with nanoscale micropores on the surface, and a decent nitrapyrin loading content (67.19%). Tests revealed that the release behavior of the nitrapyrin microcapsules was outstanding and conformed to the double-release kinetic model. These results of this study indicate that the nitrapyrin microcapsules can be applied as nitrification inhibitors with beneficial environmental effects and high efficacy.

Wild-type IDH2 promotes the Warburg effect and tumor growth through HIF1α in lung cancer.

Hotspot mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) have been studied in several cancers. However, the function of wild-type IDH2 in lung cancer and the mechanism of its contribution to growth of cancer cells remain unknown. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of wild-type IDH2 in promoting growth of lung cancer. Methods: Information regarding genomic and clinical application focusing on IDH2 in cancer was examined in several databases of more than 1,000 tumor samples. IDH2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissues from lung cancer patients. The biological functions of IDH2 were evaluated by using cell-based assays and in vivo xenograft mouse models. Results: Here we reported that wild-type IDH2 is up-regulated and is an indicator of poor survival in lung cancer and several other cancers. Targeting IDH2 with shRNA resulted in decreased HIF1α expression, leading to the attenuation of lung cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Treatment of lung cancer cells with AGI-6780 (a small molecule inhibitor of IDH2), PX-478 (an inhibitor of HIF1α) or incubation with octyl-α-KG inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion: IDH2 promotes the Warburg effect and lung cancer cell growth, which is mediated through HIF1α activation followed by decreased α-KG. Therefore, IDH2 could possibly serve as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Preliminary discussion on the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and early staging of non-mycosis fungoides/Sézary's syndrome cutaneous malignant lymphomas.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the value of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ((18)F-PET/CT) scans in the diagnosis and early staging of non-mycosis fungoides/Sézary's syndrome cutaneous malignant lymphomas (non-MF/SS CML). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 cases with non-MF/SS CML, confirmed by pathology or on clinical grounds, were analyzed in this study. The sensitivity of CT and PET/CT scans in the diagnosis of primary skin lesions, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT and PET/CT scans in the diagnosis of lymph nodes (LNs) and other organs (except skin and LNs) were calculated. RESULTS: The diagnostic sensitivity of CT and PET/CT scans in the diagnosis of primary skin lesions was 82.4% (14/17) and 100% (17/17), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT and PET/CT scans in the diagnosis of LN lesions were 55.6% (5/9), 88.9% (8/9), 72.2% (13/18), 83.3% (5/6), 66.7% (8/12), and 88.9% (8/9), 100% (9/9), 94.4% (17/18), 100% (8/8), 90.0% (9/10), respectively. The diagnostic value of the CT and PET/CT scans in the diagnosis of involvement of other organs, were 40.4% (2/5), 100% (13/13), 83.3 (15/18), 100% (2/2), 81.3% (13/16) and 80.6% (4/5), 100% (13/13), 94.4% (17/18), 100% (3/3), 92.9% (13/14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (18)F-FDG PET/CT has high value in the diagnosis and early staging of non-MF/SS CMLs.

[Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on biomechanical properties of femur in ovariectomized rats].

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) with different length of treatment on the biomechanical properties of femurs in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) SHAM control (no PEMFs treatment), (2) OVXo control (no PEMFs treatment), (3) OVX(I) (PEMFs treatment at 8 Hz frequency with 3.8 mT intensity, 20 min daily for 30 days), (4) OVX(II) (PEMFs treatment at 8 Hz frequency with 3. 8 mT intensity, 40 min daily for 30 days), and (5) OVX(III) (PEMFs treatment at 8 Hz frequency with 3.8 mT intensity, 60 min daily for 30 days). All of the rats were subject to bilateral overiectomy except those in the SHAM control group. The biomechanical properties of the femurs were assessed at the end of the PEMFs treatment. RESULTS: The rats in the OVX0 control group had significantly lower values in the biomechanical properties than the rats in the other four groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The rats treated with PEMFs showed no significant differences in the biomechanical properties compared with the sham controls (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PEMFs therapy at 8 Hz and 3.8 mT magnetic intensity for 20 to 60 min everyday prevents decline in biomechanical properties of femurs in ovariectomized rat.

Linear polarization difference imaging and its potential applications.

We demonstrate a novel linear polarization imaging technique and its potential application in dermatology. This technique records a series of images corresponding to different combinations of illumination and detection polarization and calculates intensity differences between orthogonal detection polarizations pixel by pixel. Fitting the polarization difference data to an analytical expression of the incident and detection polarization angles results in two new parameters, G and (phi3)/2. It is shown that G is strongly correlated to the order of alignment of the fibrous structure in the sample, and (phi3)/2 represents the angle of orientation of the fibers. Preliminary clinical testing implies that this method may be applied for medical diagnosis of skin diseases.