Optical wireless communication using a flexible and waterproof perovskite color converter.

In this Letter, the CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) are embedded into the interstices of the fluorine (polyvinyl fluoride/polyvinylidene fluoride, PVF/PVDF) matrix on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to introduce new advantages, such as being flexible and waterproof, while maintaining the high optical performance of perovskites. The sample's photoluminescence (PL) spectra under 325 nm laser is a green emission peaked at 537 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 21.2 nm and a fast PL decay time. As a color converter, it shows high optical absorption and can transform light from solar-blind ultraviolet to a blue region into a green region in air, water, and bending conditions. While excited by a 270 nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED), the system's observed -3 dB bandwidth with the color converter is near 4.4 MHz in air and water conditions with well-eye diagrams at a data rate of 30 Mbps. Finally, we demonstrate an audio transmission application with an ultraviolet light source, a color conversion layer, and a low-cost silicon-based photodetector.

Dynamic Pore Network Modeling of Imbibition in Real Porous Media with Corner Film Flow.

Wetting films can develop in the corners of pore structures during imbibition in a strongly wetting porous medium, which may significantly influence the two-phase flow dynamics. Due to the large difference in scales between main meniscus and corner film, accurate and efficient modeling of the dynamics of corner film remains elusive. In this work, we develop a novel two-pressure dynamic pore network model incorporating the interacting capillary bundle model to analyze the competition between the main meniscus and corner film flow in real porous media. A pore network with four-point star-shaped pore bodies and throat bonds is extracted from the real porous medium based on the pore shape factor and pore cross-sectional area, which is then decomposed into several layers of sub-pore networks, where the first layer of sub-pore network simulates the main meniscus flow while the upper layers characterize the corner film flow. The two-phase flow conductance of throat bonds for different layers of sub-pore networks are determined by high-resolution two-phase lattice Boltzmann modeling, thus inherently considering the viscous coupling effect. In addition, two artificial neural network models are developed to predict the two phases' flow conductance based on the shape of the throat cross section and the fluid properties. The accuracy of the developed model is validated with a lattice Boltzmann simulation of imbibition in a strongly wetting square tube. Then the model is used to simulate imbibition in a strongly wetting sandstone porous medium, and the competition between the main meniscus and the corner film flow is analyzed. The results show that with decreasing capillary number and viscosity ratio between wetting and nonwetting fluids, the development of the wetting corner film becomes more significant.

Exploring Biases of the Healthy Eating Index and Alternative Healthy Eating Index When Scoring Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets.

BACKGROUND: The Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) are commonly used to measure dietary quality in research settings. Neither index is designed specifically to compare diet quality between low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) diets. It is unknown whether biases exist in making these comparisons. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine whether HEI-2010 and AHEI-2010 contain biases when scoring LC and LF diets. DESIGN: Secondary analyses of the Diet Intervention Examining the Factors Interacting With Treatment Success (DIETFITS) weight loss trial were conducted. The trial was conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area of California between January 2013 and May 2016. Three approaches were used to investigate whether biases existed for HEI-2010 and AHEI-2010 when scoring LC and LF diets. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: DIETFITS participants were assigned to follow healthy LC or healthy LF diets for 12 months (n = 609). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Mean diet quality index scores for each diet were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Approach 1 examined both diet quality indices' scoring criteria. Approach 2 compared scores garnered by exemplary quality LC and LF menus created by registered dietitian nutritionists. Approach 3 used 2-sided t tests to compare the HEI-2010 and AHEI-2010 scores calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls of DIETFITS trial participants (n = 608). RESULTS: Scoring criteria for both HEI-2010 (100 possible points) and AHEI-2010 (110 possible points) were estimated to favor an LF diet by 10 points. Mean scores for exemplary quality LF menus were higher than for LC menus using both HEI-2010 (91.8 vs 76.8) and AHEI-2010 (71.7 vs 64.4, adjusted to 100 possible points). DIETFITS participants assigned to a healthy LF diet scored significantly higher on HEI and AHEI than those assigned to a healthy LC diet at 3, 6, and 12 months (all, P < .001). Mean baseline scores were lower than mean scores at all follow-up time points regardless of diet assignment or diet quality index used. CONCLUSIONS: Commonly used diet quality indices, HEI-2010 and AHEI-2010, showed biases toward LF vs LC diets. However, both indices detected expected changes in diet quality within each diet, with HEI-2010 yielding greater variation in scores. Findings support the use of these indices in measuring diet quality differences within, but not between, LC and LF diets.

Series-Biased Micro-LED Array for Lighting, Detection, and Optical Communication.

Micro-LED arrays exhibit high brightness, a long lifespan, low power consumption, and a fast response speed. In this paper, we have proposed a series-biased micro-LED array by using a nitride layer with multi-quantum wells epitaxial on sapphire substrate. The III-nitride multiple quantum wells serving as the micro-LED active material enable both luminescence and detection functionalities. The micro-LED array combines lighting, detection, and communication capabilities. We have conducted a thorough analysis of the micro-LED array's optoelectronic features in both lighting and detection modes. We also explore visible light communication performance across different arrangements of single micro-LED devices within the series-biased array. Our research achieves 720p video transmission via visible light communication using the micro-LED array, supporting a communication rate of up to 10 Mbps. Our contributions encompass the successful integration of lighting and detection functions and a comprehensive assessment of optoelectronic and communication performance. This study highlights the multifunctional micro-LED array's potential as a transceiver terminal in visible light communication systems, expanding its applications from smart lighting to visible light communication and photonic integrated chips. These innovations enhance our understanding of micro-LED technology and its versatile applications.

Linear hair growth rates in preschool children.

BACKGROUND: Human scalp hair is a validated bio-substrate for monitoring various exposures in childhood including contextual stressors, environmental toxins, prescription or non-prescription drugs. Linear hair growth rates (HGR) are required to accurately interpret hair biomarker concentrations. METHODS: We measured HGR in a prospective cohort of preschool children (N = 266) aged 9-72 months and assessed demographic factors, anthropometrics, and hair protein content (HPC). We examined HGR differences by age, sex, race, height, hair pigment, and season, and used univariable and multivariable linear regression models to identify HGR-related factors. RESULTS: Infants below 1 year (288 ± 61 µm/day) had slower HGR than children aged 2-5 years (p = 0.0073). Dark-haired children (352 ± 52 µm/day) had higher HGR than light-haired children (325 ± 50 µm/day; p = 0.0019). Asian subjects had the highest HGR overall (p = 0.016). Younger children had higher HPC (p = 0.0014) and their HPC-adjusted HGRs were slower than older children (p = 0.0073). Age, height, hair pigmentation, and HPC were related to HGR in multivariable regression models. CONCLUSIONS: We identified age, height, hair pigment, and hair protein concentration as significant determinants of linear HGRs. These findings help explain the known hair biomarker differences between children and adults and aid accurate interpretation of hair biomarker results in preschool children. IMPACT: Discovery of hair biomarkers in the past few decades has transformed scientific disciplines like toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, forensics, healthcare, and developmental psychology. Identifying determinants of hair growth in children is essential for accurate interpretation of hair biomarker results in pediatric clinical studies. Childhood hair growth rates define the time-periods of biomarker incorporation into growing hair, essential for interpreting the biomarkers associated with environmental exposures and the mind-brain-body connectome. Our study describes age-, sex-, and height-based distributions of linear hair growth rates and provides determinants of linear hair growth rates in a large population of children. Age, height, hair pigmentation, and hair protein content are determinants of hair growth rates and should be accounted for in child hair biomarkers studies. Our findings on hair protein content and linear hair growth rates may provide physiological explanations for differences in hair growth rates and biomarkers in preschool children as compared to adults.

Computing the Cost of Care per Patient per Day for Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

PURPOSE: Patients with well-differentiated, low-grade metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) usually have a long median survival and require complex, expensive care over many years at multidisciplinary centers. The cost burden for patients and institutions serves as a barrier to care. Understanding the drivers of these costs and whether intense monitoring adds value will help to optimize value-based care. METHODS: We adapted the cost of care per patient per day (CCPD) validated methodology to measure cost while accounting for varying follow-up duration. We queried the Stanford NEN Database, which aggregates data from the electronic health record and other electronic sources, to study patients with metastatic NENs receiving regular care at Stanford. Current Procedural Terminology codes for services incurred during the monitoring period for each patient were mapped to the corresponding cost conversion factor and date in the Medicare fee schedule. RESULTS: Two hundred two patients between 2010 and 2017 were studied with a mean CCPD of $119.11 in US dollars (USD); NEN-specific systemic therapy made up 55% of this cost. Somatostatin analogs were the costliest systemic therapy. Systemic therapy was the driver of cost differences among patients with various primary tumor types, stage of disease, tumor differentiation and grade, and functional hormone status. Patients in the most expensive CCPD group did not have a significant survival benefit (P = .66). CONCLUSION: The CCPD methodology was effective in studying cancer care value in NENs. Systemic therapy, specifically somatostatin analogs, was the primary driver of cost, and intense monitoring and higher-cost care did not improve survival outcomes.

Association of dietary adherence and dietary quality with weight loss success among those following low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a secondary analysis of the DIETFITS randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Eating a high-quality diet or adhering to a given dietary strategy may influence weight loss. However, these 2 factors have not been examined concurrently for those following macronutrient-limiting diets. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether improvement in dietary quality, change in dietary macronutrient composition, or the combination of these factors is associated with differential weight loss when following a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) or healthy low-fat (HLF) diet. DESIGN: Generally healthy adults were randomly assigned to HLC or HLF diets for 12 mo (n = 609) as part of a randomized controlled weight loss study. Participants with complete 24-h dietary recall data at baseline and 12-mo were included in this secondary analysis (total N = 448; N = 224 HLC, N = 224 HLF). Participants were divided into 4 subgroups according to 12-mo change in HEI-2010 score [above median = high quality (HQ) and below median = low quality (LQ)] and 12-mo change in macronutrient intake [below median = high adherence (HA) and above median = low adherence (LA) for net carbohydrate (g) or fat (g) for HLC and HLF, respectively]. Baseline to 12-mo changes in mean BMI were compared for those in HQ/HA, HQ/LA, LQ/HA subgroups with the LQ/LA subgroup within HLC and HLF. RESULTS: For HLC, changes (95 % confidence level [CI]) in mean BMI were -1.15 kg/m2 (-2.04, -0.26) for HQ/HA, -0.30 (-1.22, 0.61) for HQ/LA, and -0.80 (-1.74, 0.14) for LQ/HA compared with the LQ/LA subgroup. For HLF, changes (95% CI) in mean BMI were -1.11kg/m2 (-2.10, -0.11) for HQ/HA, -0.26 (-1.26, 0.75) for HQ/LA, and -0.66 (-1.74, 0.41) for LQ/HA compared with the LQ/LA subgroup. CONCLUSION: Within both HLC and HLF diet arms, 12-mo decrease in BMI was significantly greater in HQ/HA subgroups relative to LQ/LA subgroups. Neither HQ nor HA alone were significantly different than LQ/LA subgroups. Results of this analysis support the combination of dietary adherence and high-quality diets for weight loss. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01826591).

Spiritual Care in PICUs: A U.S. Survey of 245 Training Fellows 2020-2021.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the perspectives of pediatric fellows training in critical care subspecialties about providing spiritual care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of United States National Residency Matching Program pediatric fellows training in critical care specialties. SETTING: Online survey open from April to May 2021. SUBJECTS: A total of 720 fellows (165 cardiology, 259 critical care, and 296 neonatology) were contacted, with a response rate of 245 of 720 (34%). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We assessed fellows' survey responses about spiritual care in neonatal and pediatric critical care units. Categorical data were compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact tests. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the percentage correct on ten multiple-choice questions about world religions. Free-text responses were independently coded by two research investigators. A total of 203 of 245 (83%) responding fellows had never received training about spiritual care and 176 of 245 (72%) indicated that they would be likely to incorporate spiritual care into their practice if they received training. Prior training was associated with increased familiarity with a framework for taking a spiritual history (p < 0.001) and increased knowledge of spiritual practices that could influence medical care (p = 0.03). Prior training was also associated with increased self-reported frequency of taking a spiritual history (p < 0.001) and comfort in referring families to spiritual care resources (p = 0.02). Lack of time and training were the most reported barriers to providing spiritual care. CONCLUSIONS: Providing spiritual care for families is important in critical care settings. In 2020-2021, in the United States, 245 pediatric critical care fellows responded to a survey about spiritual care in their practice and reported that they lacked training in this subject. An opportunity exists to implement spiritual care curricula into pediatric fellowship training.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Restored the Saline-Alkali Soil and Promoted the Growth of Peanut Roots.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop. An efficient utilization of saline-alkali soil resources, the development of peanut planting in saline-alkali soil, and obtaining high and stable yield have become urgent needs to ensure peanut production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to develop the potential productivity of host plants and improve their salt resistance and tolerance. However, there is still limited research on promoting the growth and morphology of peanut roots. Therefore, in this study, seeds of salt-tolerant peanut variety "HY 25" were coated with commercial AMF inoculant before being planted in saline-alkali and normal soils to investigate the effects of AMF on peanut root growth and rhizosphere soil. The results showed that root morphological characteristics were significantly increased by the use of AMF at the podding stage in saline-alkali soil and from the flowering and pegging stage to the maturity stage in normal soil. Of note, the total root volume of peanut inoculated with AMF significantly increased by 31.57% during the podding stage in saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, AMF significantly increased the phosphatase and invertase activities in the peanut rhizosphere of saline-alkali soil from the flowering stage to maturity stage and soil CAT activity at the maturity stage (41.16~48.82%). In normal soil, soil phosphatase and urease activities were enhanced by AMF at the flowering stage and the podding stage, respectively. AMF also increased the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and hydrolysable nitrogen, but decreased soil EC in saline-alkali soil. In addition to the significant increase in soil available phosphorus content, AMF had no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and other soil nutrients in normal soil. AMF significantly increased pod biomass and yield in saline-alkali soil and normal soil, and improved their agronomic characteristics. In conclusion, peanut seeds coated with AMF improved the root morphological characteristics of peanuts and improved the physical and chemical properties in peanut rhizosphere, especially in saline-alkali soil. The process of rhizosphere soil nutrient transformation was also enhanced. Finally, AMF improved plant agronomic traits to increase the pod yield (16.5~21.9%). This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the application of AMF in peanut production in saline-alkali soil.

Comprehensive Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Primary Molecular Regulation Pathways Involved in Peanut under Water and Nitrogen Co-Limitation.

The yield and quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an oil crop planted worldwide, are often limited by drought stress (DS) and nitrogen (N) deficiency. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which peanut counteracts DS and N deficiency, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of peanut leaves. Herein, 829 known differentially accumulated metabolites, 324 differentially expressed transcription factors, and 5294 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under different water and N conditions. The transcriptome analysis demonstrated that drought-related DEGs were predominantly expressed in "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" and "glycerolipid metabolism", while N-deficiency-related DEGs were mainly expressed in starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as in the biosynthesis of amino acid pathways. The biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of secondary metabolites accounted for a large proportion of the 1317 DEGs present in water and N co-limitation. Metabolomic analysis showed that the metabolic accumulation of these pathways was significantly dependent on the stress conditions. Additionally, the roles of metabolites and genes in these pathways, such as the biosynthesis of amino acids and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis under different stress conditions, were discussed. The results demonstrated that different genes, metabolic pathways, and metabolites were related to DS and N deficiency. Thus, this study elucidates the metabolic pathways and functional genes that can be used for the improvement of peanut resistance to abiotic stress.

A Specific Carbohydrate Diet Virtual Teaching Kitchen Curriculum Promotes Knowledge and Confidence in Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Diet-based approaches such as the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) have proposed health benefits for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Despite its potential effectiveness, patients and caregivers identified barriers towards implementing the SCD, and a majority expressed interest in formal education surrounding the SCD. This study aimed to determine the impact of a virtual teaching kitchen curriculum on caregivers' knowledge and perspectives on implementing the SCD. Inclusion criteria included pediatric patients with IBD aged 3-21 years and their caregivers. Participants should have fewer than 12 months of experience with the SCD or have no experience with the SCD but with an interest in learning it. Twenty-three caregivers took part in a 90-min virtual teaching kitchen curriculum and completed pre- and post-session surveys. Caregivers had statistically significant increases in total curriculum scores (p < 0.0001) as well as increases in all curricular elements post-curriculum teaching. Caregivers indicated that they plan to apply the newly acquired recipes and cooking concepts and appreciated the encouragement and support they received during the course. Curricular strengths identified included the innovative multimodal curriculum structure and professional and community support. IBD centers can use this pilot study to create or expand SCD and other nutritional curricula for the IBD community.

Multilevel Simultaneous Lighting-Imaging System.

In a III-nitride multiple quantum well (MQW) diode biased with a forward voltage, electrons recombine with holes inside the MQW region to emit light; meanwhile, the MQW diode utilizes the photoelectric effect to sense light when higher-energy photons hit the device to displace electrons in the diode. Both the injected electrons and the liberated electrons are gathered inside the diode, thereby giving rise to a simultaneous emission-detection phenomenon. The 4 × 4 MQW diodes could translate optical signals into electrical ones for image construction in the wavelength range from 320 to 440 nm. This technology will change the role of MQW diode-based displays since it can simultaneously transmit and receive optical signals, which is of crucial importance to the accelerating trend of multifunctional, intelligent displays using MQW diode technology.

Integrated Sensing and Communication Chip Based on III-Nitride for Motion Detection.

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) involves incorporating wireless sensing capabilities into communication systems. The integration of ISAC affords improvements in the performance of the communication system, as well as the ability to perform high-precision motion detection, positioning, imaging, and other related functions. Therefore, it is highly valuable to develop an ISAC terminal device that has a high degree of integration and energy efficiency. Here, we propose an ISAC chip that utilizes the coexistence of luminescence and detection properties of III-nitride multiple quantum wells for motion detection and visible light communication. The ISAC chip includes both a transmitter and a receiver of visible light and is fabricated on a sapphire wafer with InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells. A rotating mirror is used as the object for motion detection and modulates the light signal emitted by the transmitter in a reflected light path. The variation period of the photocurrent curve generated by the modulated light signal is consistent with the rotation period of the mirror. We also investigate the performance of this chip as a transmitter and transceiver terminal of visible light communication systems. The results of the study provide a promising approach for the integration of motion sensing and visible light communication.

Lasing mode manipulation in a Benz-shaped GaN cavity via the Joule effect of individual Ni wires.

Silicon-based gallium nitride lasers are considered potential laser sources for on-chip integration. However, the capability of on-demand lasing output with its reversible and wavelength tunability remains important. Herein, a Benz-shaped GaN cavity is designed and fabricated on a Si substrate and coupled to a Ni metal wire. Under optical pumping, excitation position-related lasing and exciton combination properties of pure GaN cavity are studied systematically. Under electrically driven, joule thermal of Ni metal wire makes it easy to change the temperature of the cavity. And then, we demonstrate a joule heat-induced contactless lasing mode manipulation in the coupled GaN cavity. The driven current, coupling distance, and excitation position influence the wavelength tunable effect. Compared with other positions, the outer ring position has the highest lasing properties and lasing mode tuning abilities. The optimized structures demonstrate clear wavelength tuning and an even mode switch. The thermal reduction of the band gap is identified to account for the modification of the lasing profile, but the thermo-optic effect is non-negligible under a high-driven current.

Construction of graphene quantum dots ratiometric fluorescent probe by intermolecular electron transfer effect for intelligent and real-time visual detection of ofloxacin and its L-isomer in daily drink.

The design of intelligent and real-time sensing devices is significant in the medical drug monitoring field, but it is still highly challenging. Here, ratiometric fluorescent detections of ofloxacin (OFL) and its L-isomer levofloxacin (LEV) constructed from tri-doped graphene quantum dots (T-GQDs) are reported, and the detection limits reach as low as 46/67 nM toward OFL/LEV due to the intermolecular electron transfer (intermolecular ET) effect. After adding OFL/LEV, the generation of electrostatic bond provides a channel for the intermolecular ET from the edge of T-GQDs to OFL/LEV, resulting in the fluorescence quenching at 414 nm and the fluorescence promoting at 498 nm. Furthermore, a smartphone can be used for the visual and quantitative detection of OFL and LEV by identifying the RGB values of test paper and drink samples. This work not only reveals the physics mechanism of ratiometric detection, but also develops a convenient smartphone diagnostic for OFL and LEV.

Compact Fluorescence Detection System Based on a Monolithic DBR-Integrated III-Nitride LED Chip.

Portable applications of fluorescence detection systems have gained much attention in various fields and require system components to be small and compact. In this work, we report on a compact fluorescence detection system and demonstrate its application for fluorescence sensing and imaging. The light source and filter are integrated on a single chip for the proposed system, which not only realizes the separation between excitation and fluorescent lights but also improves the light-emitting diode (LED) light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the detection system allows for a removable sample unit. The results indicate that the performance of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) filter based on an amorphous dielectric film is excellent with selection ratios larger than 4600:1. The peak emission wavelength of the LED is 528 nm. The influence of green light leakage can be neglected, and the fluorescent red light is dominant when the fluorescence detection system is used for sensing and imaging. The low-cost and monolithic DBR-integrated III-nitride LED chip makes the proposed architecture a competitive candidate for portable fluorescence detection applications.

Green manure increases peanut production by shaping the rhizosphere bacterial community and regulating soil metabolites under continuous peanut production systems.

BACKGROUND: Green manure (GM) is a crop commonly grown during fallow periods, which has been applied in agriculture as a strategy to regulate nutrient cycling, improve organic matter, and enhance soil microbial biodiversity, but to date, few studies have examined the effects of GM treatments on rhizosphere soil bacterial community and soil metabolites from continuous cropping peanut field. RESULTS: In this study, we found that the abundances of several functionally significant bacterial groups containing Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and genus Sphingomonas, which are associated with nitrogen cycling, were dramatically increased in GM-applied soils. Consistent with the bacterial community results, metabolomics analysis revealed a strong perturbation of nitrogen- or carbon-related metabolisms in GM-applied soils. The substantially up-regulated beneficial metabolites including sucrose, adenine, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), malic acid, and betaines in GM-applied soils may contribute to overcome continuous cropping obstacle. In contrast to peanut continuous cropping, planting winter wheat and oilseed rape in winter fallow period under continuous spring peanut production systems evidently improved the soil quality, concomitantly with raised peanut pod yield by 32.93% and 25.20%, in the 2020 season, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GMs application is an effective strategy to overcome continuous cropping obstacle under continuous peanut production systems by improving nutrient cycling, soil metabolites, and rhizobacterial properties.

Coupling biostimulation and phytoremediation for the restoration of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) continue to be among the most common pollutants in soil worldwide. Bioremediation and phytoremediation have become sustainable ways of dealing with TPH contamination and biostimulation-assisted phytoremediation is considered as a potential approach for the treatment of pollutants. In this study, the response surface was used to optimize the single-factor biological stimulation experiment of moisture content, leavening agent content and compound fertilizer content and got the best experimental plan of biological stimulation. It was found that TPH degradation rate was 28.6% by biostimulation after 70 days. Further, from 20 kinds of plant seeds, 5 kinds of suitable or growth and high germination rate were selected for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation experiment. In the phytoremediation, peanut was selected as the best plant species by measuring the TPH degradation rate, bacteria count, growth of test plants, germination rate and amount of catalase in the soil and it could achieved 31.1% degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons after 70 days. Finally, the artificial biostimulation and phytoremediation combined degradation experiment of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soil was designed and it achieved 38.9% TPH degradation rate after 70 days.

In petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, single remediation methods are often limited and may be disturbed by environmental conditions. In the actual research process of coupling biostimulation and phytoremediation, it is necessary to play the role of microorganisms on the premise of ensuring plant growth. This may further present challenges for combined bioremediation attempts. In this work, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the single-factor biological stimulation experiment of moisture content, leavening agent content and compound fertilizer content. As a result, the best biological stimulation experimental scheme can be obtained to repair oil contaminated soil. Then, biostimulation-assisted phytoremediation degradation experiment of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soil was designed and an effective degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil was obtained. HIGHLIGHTSBiostimulation combined with phytoremediation improved the degradation rate of soil petroleum hydrocarbons in 70 days.After 70 days of combine remediation, the microorganisms biomass almost recovered before being contaminated.