Butyl benzyl phthalate induced reproductive toxicity in the endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress in Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786.

To study the adverse effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) on Brachionus plicatilis, rotifers were exposed to different BBP concentrations (0 [control], 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L). We measured the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, which play a key role in detoxification, and the malondialdehyde content, which represents the level of lipid peroxidation. In addition, we investigated the effect of BBP on the submicroscopic structure and transcriptome of rotifer ovary cells. Our results showed that B. plicatilis exhibited a rapid oxidative stress response accompanied by a significant increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. High BBP concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in malondialdehyde content, which indicated that BBP interferes with the lipid metabolism of rotifer cells. Our observations showed that the endoplasmic reticulum structure of rotifer ovary cells was severely damaged by BBP exposure. Transcriptomic data further demonstrated that oxidative stress and cellular sub-microstructural damage were associated with altered expression of functional genes related to rotifer redox regulation, biosynthetic processes, and cellular damage components. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that BBP triggers changes in antioxidant-related indicators in rotifers; this leads to activation of related genes and subsequent changes in intracellular signaling, which in turn triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and ultimately leads to disruption of cell function and structure. These findings highlight the potential risks associated with BBP exposure and provide fundamental insights into its toxicological effects on marine invertebrates.

Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of primary cardiac tumor: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary cardiac tumors are rare but have the potential to cause significant morbidity if not treated in an appropriate and timely manner. To date, however, there have been no studies examining the survival characteristics of patients who did not undergo surgical resection. CASE REPORT: We are presenting a case of a 61-year-old male admitted to our department due to "heart tumor''. He had 5+years previous history of type 2 diabetes was, and he took Metformin orally for a long time. Under extracorporeal circulation and general anesthesia, the heart lesion was removed under thoracoscopy. The tumor was about 5 cm ∗ 4 cm pale yellow color and sent for biopsy. Pathology report showed tumor like hyperplasia of fat and striated muscle tissues, some fat cells had atypical hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with malignant tumor, most of them had local invasion or had distant metastasis when the diagnosis was clear, and only conservative management could be done. Moreover, the prognosis of malignant tumor is poor, and the pathological morphology is diverse. The causes of death are due to widespread tumor metastasis, refractory heart failure, and various arrhythmias.

Differentiating salmonid migratory ecotypes through stable isotope analysis of collagen: Archaeological and ecological applications.

The ability to distinguish between different migratory behaviours (e.g., anadromy and potamodromy) in fish can provide important insights into the ecology, evolution, and conservation of many aquatic species. We present a simple stable carbon isotope (δ13C) approach for distinguishing between sockeye (anadromous ocean migrants) and kokanee (potamodromous freshwater residents), two migratory ecotypes of Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmonidae) that is applicable throughout most of their range across coastal regions of the North Pacific Ocean. Analyses of kokanee (n = 239) and sockeye (n = 417) from 87 sites spanning the North Pacific (Russia to California) show that anadromous and potamodromous ecotypes are broadly distinguishable on the basis of the δ13C values of their scale and bone collagen. We present three case studies demonstrating how this approach can address questions in archaeology, archival, and conservation research. Relative to conventional methods for determining migratory status, which typically apply chemical analyses to otoliths or involve genetic analyses of tissues, the δ13C approach outlined here has the benefit of being non-lethal (when applied to scales), cost-effective, widely available commercially, and should be much more broadly accessible for addressing archaeological questions since the recovery of otoliths at archaeological sites is rare.

The potential role of Krüppel-like factor 13 (Aj-klf13) in the intestine regeneration of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.

Krüppel-like factor13 (klf13), a member of the Krüppel-like factor family, plays a vital role in cell proliferation and differentiation. When sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is attacted by predators, it can spit viscera in order to escape attack, and then complete the intestine regeneration process within 15 days. However, the potential role of klf13 from A. japonicus (Aj-klf13) in the intestine regeneration of sea cucumber A. japonicus still remains unknown. In present paper, the full-length cDNA of klf13 gene from A. japonicus was cloned by RACE techniques, and it was composed of 2496 bp, including a 245 bp 5' UTR, a 1396 bp 3' UTR and a 855 bp open reading frame, which encoded a polypeptide of 284 amino acids and C2H2 zinc finger domains. The expression level of Aj-klf13 showed an increasing trend in intestine regeneration process of sea cucumber, and it reached the highest at 6 days, returning to the normal at 15 days. By western blot, the expression level of Aj-KLF13 protein was basically consistent with that of Aj-klf13 gene. The expression locations of protein by immunofluorescence indicated that Aj-KLF13 was widely expressed in the normal physiological state and intestine regeneration process of sea cucumbers, which was in the nucleus. There was tissue specificity of the protein, which was mainly distributed in luminal epithelium and coelomic epithelium. These results indicate that Aj-klf13 plays a crucial role in the intestine regeneration process of sea cucumber A. japonicus.