Complications Following General Anaesthesia in Paediatric Patients.

Complications in paediatric anaesthesia can be conveniently classified as minor or major. Major morbidity includes cardiac arrest, brain damage and death. Minor morbidity can be assessed by clinical audits with smell patient samples. Major morbidity is rare. It is best assessed by very large clinical studies and by review of cases malpractice claims. Both minor & major complication occurs most commonly in infants and children under three especially those with severe co-morbidities. Knowledge of risk profiles in paediatric anaesthesia is a starting point for the reduction of risk complication.

A comparison of GFR by modified gates method with measured creatinine clearance rate (CCR) & MDRD formula based estimation in type 2 diabetic subjects with nephropathy.

Accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for the evaluation of patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study was a comparison between modified gates GFR with laboratory measured CCR & MDRD formula based estimated GFR method. Pre-diagnosed 180 diabetic nephropathy patients were selected. All the time of evaluation the blood glucose of the patients were controlled and serum creatinine was stable. Then CCR was done and GFR was estimated by Modified Gates method & MDRD method. All the patients were categorized in 5 stages of CKD. They were matched for age, BMI, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, the blood sugar and HbA1C levels. The Gates GFR in stage-2 (70±13) & stage-3 (48±12) was closer with MDRD in stage-2 (77±8) and stage 3 (43±7). The CCR is closer in stage-1 (110±52) & stage-4 (30±10) with MDRD in stage-1 (112±13) and stage-4 (21±4). Association study showed MDRD GFR had highest correlation with Gates GFR (r=0.86; p<0.05). The estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in different methods varied significantly between each other at different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy subjects.