Hypersensitivity reactions to Patent Blue V in breast cancer surgery: a prospective multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) have been reported after the use of Patent Blue V (PBV) for breast cancer surgery. This is the first study to publish prospective data with systematic allergological assessment. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre study in 10 French cancer centres for over 6 months. All patients scheduled for breast surgery with injection of PBV were included in the study. Patients were screened for past medical history, atopy, and known food and drug allergies. When suspected HSR or unexplained reactions occurred after injection of PBV, blood samples were taken, and plasma histamine and serum tryptase concentrations were measured. HSR to PBV was suggested if skin tests performed 6 weeks later were positive. RESULTS: Nine suspected HSR to PBV were observed in 1742 patients. Skin tests were positive in six patients, giving an incidence of 0.34%. Four grade I and two grade III HSR were observed, both requiring intensive care unit treatment. Mean onset time of the reaction was 55 ± 37 min. Plasma histamine was elevated in four patients, while serum tryptase was normal. We found no risk factors associated with HSR to PBV. CONCLUSION: An incidence rate of one in 300 HSR to PBV was observed for patients exposed to PBV during sentinel lymph node detection. This rate is higher than rates reported after the use of neuromuscular blocking agents, latex or antibiotics.

Positive effect of regional analgesia (RA) in terminal stage paediatric chondrosarcoma: a case report and the review of the literature.

A 10-year-old girl was treated for progressive left pelvic chondrosarcoma and severe local pain radiating to the ipsilateral lower extremity. Despite high doses of opioids, pain was poorly controlled and treatment resulted in urine retention and constipation. Positive effect on pain (143 out of 181 days) was obtained by regional analgesia. Continuous lumbar epidural opioid infusion led to pain relief and disappearance of symptoms. Port-catheter dysfunction necessitated a change of epidural catheter and the patient was treated that with morphine, bupivacaine and clonidine plus clonazepam which resulted in relief of constipation and restoration of urinary function. The patient subsequently developed an abscess required or subarachoid infusion (morphine associated with clonazepam, clomipramine and corticosteroids). Later bilateral controlateral cordotomy was performed due to absence of analgesia and the patient subsequently died of tumour progression.

[Comparison in healthy volunteers of the systemic beta adrenergic receptor blockade by beta blockader eye drops]. / Comparaison chez le volontaire sain du blocage bêta-adrénergique systémique par les collyres bêta-bloquants.

The isoproterenol dose-response curve was used to assess quantitatively the degree of systemic beta-adrenoceptor blockade induced by metipranolol (Bétanol) and betaxolol (Bétoptic) eye drops. The study was carried out in twelve healthy volunteers, aged 22 +/- 1.4 yr. In a randomized double-blind trial, each volunteer received, on separate occasions at least one week apart, one drop in each eye of either placebo (physiological saline) or either of the ophthalmic beta-blockers. The intraocular pressure (Pio), heart rate (fc), arterial systolic (Pasys) and diastolic (Padia) pressures were measured before instillation of the eye drops after 15 to 30 min rest, and 3 h afterwards. The isoproterenol dose-response curve was studied 3 h after instillation of the drops. The CD25 (the amount of isoproterenol needed to increase fc by 25 b.min-1) was obtained by extrapolation on the least square linear regression curve. Both beta-blockers gave a significant fall in Pio compared with placebo, metipranolol more than betaxolol (p less than 0.02). There was also a significantly greater fall in fc with both metipranolol and betaxolol than with placebo. There were no changes in Pasys and Padia. CD25 was significantly increased with both beta-blocker eye drops as compared with placebo (p less than 0.05 for betaxolol; p less than 0.01 for metipranolol), but there was no difference between the two. Systemic absorption after topical application of ocular beta-blockers was thus confirmed for both metipranolol and betaxolol. However, the degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade was weaker than that observed with other older ocular beta-blockers (timolol and carteolol).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine in retrobulbar and facial block.

Analgesia can be obtained during ophthalmic surgery by regional anesthesia using local anesthetic agents. As in other indications, neurological complications may occur, especially because the site of injection is close to the central nervous system. In order to evaluate the risk of retrobulbar and facial block obtained after 40 mg lidocaine and 20 mg bupivacaine injection, pharmacokinetics of both drugs was evaluated in plasma obtained from 11 patients. In addition, 3 cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed. Maximal plasma concentration was 0.73 +/- 0.33 micrograms.ml-1 for lidocaine and 0.19 +/- 0.06 micrograms.ml-1 for bupivacaine, obtained 24.7 +/- 23.0 min and 12.0 +/- 3.7 min after the end of injection, respectively. CSF/plasma ratio was in the range 0.05-0.26 for lidocaine and 0.56-1.33 for bupivacaine. In all patients, regional anesthesia was sufficient to perform surgery without any other analgesic drug. No sign of cardiovascular or respiratory toxicity was observed during the study.

[Continuous propofol infusion versus enflurane in children operated on for strabismus. Comparison of the quality of anesthesia and recovery conditions]. / Propofol en perfusion à débit continu versus enflurane chez l'enfant opéré de strabisme. Comparaison de la qualité de l'anesthésie et du réveil.

In children, the use of a continuous infusion of propofol has not yet been reported. A study was therefore designed to compare the characteristics of anaesthesia and recovery when either propofol or enflurance was used as the main anaesthetic agent. All 42 children (14 girls, 28 boys), ASA I and scheduled for corrective squint surgery under general anaesthesia, received 350 micrograms.kg-1 midazolam and 40 micrograms.kg-1 atropine intrarectally 20 min before induction, which was carried out with 3 mg.kg-1 propofol intravenously in 20 s. The patients were then randomly assigned to two groups, according to the drug used for maintenance: group P (n = 21) received a continuous intravenous infusion of propofol, 18 mg.kg-1.h-1 for the first 30 min and 15 mg.kg-1.h-1 thereafter; group E (n = 21) received 2.5%, then, after 30 min, 2% enflurane. Both groups were given 15 micrograms.kg-1 dextromoramide and 0.09 mg.kg-1 vecuronium. During anaesthesia, the following parameters were monitored: systolic (Pasys), diastolic (Padia) and mean arterial (Pa) pressures, heart rate (fc), the presence or not of an oculocardiac reflex with or without a 20% fall in fc which responded to 10-15 micrograms.kg-1 atropine, the appearance of a cardiac dysrhythmia, duration of anaesthesia and the delay before extubation. Recovery was assessed 1, 2, 4 and 6 h postoperatively by using both clinical and psychomotor criteria, the latter being adapted to children having one or both eyes occluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Lung infection and acute adult respiratory distress syndrome during surgical resuscitation]. / Infections pulmonaires et syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë de l'adulte en réanimation chirurgicale.

Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (PE) is frequently observed during the postoperative period. 56 patients with postoperative PE were divided into two groups: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrom and NHPE, non hemodynamic PE. The incidence of primary pulmonary infection and pulmonary superinfection were investigated. Both groups were not different except for the level of PaO2 lower in ARDS. Mortality was higher in ARDS (80%) than in NHPE (42%). Pulmonary primary infection and superinfection were respectively observed in 33 and 10%, and 23 and 15% of ARDS and NHPE. Blood cultures were more frequently positive during abdominal sepsis than during pneumonia. Viral etiology was thrice noted in 13 pneumonitis. Value of diagnostic methods for respiratory infections is discussed.