Environmentally Benign Water-Soluble Sodium L-2-(1-Imidazolyl) Alkanoic Acids as New Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Artificial Seawater.

Three novel natural amino acid-derived sodium L-2-(1-imidazolyl) alkanoic acids (IZSs), namely, sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (IZS-L), sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate (IZS-P), and sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-(methylthio)butanoate (IZS-M), were investigated as corrosion inhibitors. The IZSs were synthesized following the green chemistry principles, and their structure was characterized using FTIR and NMR techniques. The corrosion study results reveal that a moderate concentration of IZSs (having low solution conductivity) showed potential corrosion inhibition for mild steel in artificial seawater. At longer immersion, IZS-P forms a uniform protective film and exhibits the potential inhibition efficiency of 82.46% at 8.4 mmol L-1. Tafel polarization results reveal that IZS-P and IZS-M act as mixed types with an anodic predominantly corrosion inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results signify that IZSs inhibit mild steel corrosion through the formation of an inhibitor film on the metal surface, which was further confirmed by the FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XPS studies. DFT result shows that in IZS-P, the benzylic group (-CH2-Ph) has greater electron distribution compared to isobutyl (-CH2CH(CH3)2) in IZS-L and methythioethyl group (-CH2CH2SCH3) which supported the corrosion inhibition performance at longer immersion [IZS-P (82.46%) > IZS-M (67.19%) > IZS-L (24.77%)].

Acridine and Its Derivatives: Synthesis, Biological, and Anticorrosion Properties.

The phenomenon of corrosion threatens metallic components, human safety, and the economy. Despite being eco-friendly and promising as a corrosion inhibitor, acridine has not been explored to its full potential. In this review, we have discussed multiple biological activities that acridines have been found to show in a bid to prove that they are environmentally benign and much less toxic than many inhibitors. Some synthetic routes to acridines and substituted acridines have also been discussed. Thereafter, a multitude of acridines and substituted acridines as corrosion inhibitors of different metals and alloys in various corrosive media have been highlighted. A short mechanistic insight into how acridine-based compounds function as corrosion inhibitors have also been included. We believe this review will generate an impression that there is still much to learn about previously reported acridines. In the wake of recent surges to find efficient and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors, acridines and their analogs could be an appropriate answer.

Electrochemical and Computational Insights on the Application of Expired Metformin Drug as a Novel Inhibitor for the Sweet Corrosion of C1018 Steel.

An expired metformin drug (MET) was used as a corrosion inhibitor for C1018 carbon steel in a CO2-saturated 3.5 wt % NaCl + 340 ppm acetic acid solution under static conditions. The inhibitor was evaluated using electrochemical methods complemented with surface analytical measurements and computational modeling. The drug displayed a high inhibition efficiency of ∼90% at 200 ppm. Impedance analyses revealed a rise in the charge transfer resistance at the steel-solution interface upon the addition of the inhibitor. Polarization measurements suggested that MET acted more like a cathodic-type corrosion inhibitor and significantly reduced the corrosion current density. The adsorption of MET on the steel substrate followed the Langmuir isotherm, showing a mixed type of physical and chemical modes of adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters revealed strong and spontaneous adsorption on the steel surface. The surface analysis using SEM supported the inhibitor adsorption on the steel substrate. Based on the DFT simulation, inhibition by MET is mainly achieved by its protonated form, which leads to the formation of a thin film on the steel surface rather than the modification of the work function of the steel surface. The experimental and theoretical estimations of pKa complemented the DFT results, both agreeing that the monoprotonated form of MET is the dominant form in which the inhibitor adsorbs on the steel surface to form a thin film rather than modify the work function of the steel surface.

Myristic acid based imidazoline derivative as effective corrosion inhibitor for steel in 15% HCl medium.

There is a high demand of effective and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for industrial applications. In an attempt to prepare a benign and effective corrosion inhibitor for acidizing purpose, an imidazoline derivative, N-(2-(2-tridecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl)tetradecanamide (NTETD) was synthesized from myristic acid and diethyleneamine. The characterization of the newly synthesized compound was done using 1H NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis techniques. NTETD was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in 15% HCl solution using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), linear polarization (LPR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX), atomic force spectroscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. It was found that, the optimum concentration of NTETD is 300 mg/L. With this concentration, inhibition efficiency above 93% is achievable. Results from PDP show that, NTETD acted as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor but with principal effect on cathodic corrosion half reactions. The calculated value of the adsorption-desorption equilibrium constant (1.015 × 103) reveals a strong bonding between NTETD molecules and the steel surface. The EDAX, FTIR, and XPS results confirm the adsorption of NTETD molecules on the steel surface. SEM and AFM results agree with experimental findings that NTETD is effective in corrosion mitigation of steel in 15% HCl solution. The possible corrosion inhibition mechanism by NTETD has been proposed.

Effect of Electron Donating Functional Groups on Corrosion Inhibition of J55 Steel in a Sweet Corrosive Environment: Experimental, Density Functional Theory, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation.

Benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and tested as a corrosion inhibitor for J55 steel in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution saturated with carbon dioxide. The experimental results revealed that inhibitors are effective for steel protection, with an inhibition efficiency of 94% in the presence of 400 mg/L of inhibitor. The adsorption of the benzimidazole derivatives on J55 steel was found to obey Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The addition of inhibitors decreases the cathodic as well anodic current densities and significantly strengthens impedance parameters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for steel surface characterization. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) were applied for theoretical studies.

Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Chitosan Schiff Bases and Their Application as Novel and Green Corrosion Inhibitors: Experimental and Theoretical Approach.

Environmentally friendly three chitosan Schiff bases (CSBs) were first time synthesized under microwave irradiation by the reaction of chitosan and aldehydes [benzaldehyde (CSB-1), 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (CSB-2), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (CSB-3)] and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition performance of the synthesized inhibitors was studied by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). The results show that all the Schiff bases (CSBs) act as effective corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. Among the synthesized Schiff bases, CSB-3 exhibited the maximum inhibition efficiency of 90.65% at a very low concentration of 50 ppm. The EIS results showed that the CSBs inhibit corrosion by the adsorption mechanism. The PDP results show that all the three Schiff bases are mixed-type inhibitors. The formation of inhibitor films on the mild steel surface was supported by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy methods. The adsorption of CSBs on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The theoretical studies via density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation corroborated the experimental results.

Porphyrins as Corrosion Inhibitors for N80 Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solution: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical, QSAR and Monte Carlo Simulations Studies.

The inhibition of the corrosion of N80 steel in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution saturated with CO2 by four porphyrins, namely 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (HPTB), 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (T4PP), 4,4',4″,4‴-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid) (THP) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin (TPP) was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency, η% increases with increasing concentration of the inhibitors. The EIS results revealed that the N80 steel surface with adsorbed porphyrins exhibited non-ideal capacitive behaviour with reduced charge transfer activity. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that the studied porphyrins acted as mixed type inhibitors. The SECM results confirmed the adsorption of the porphyrins on N80 steel thereby forming a relatively insulated surface. The SEM also confirmed the formation of protective films of the porphyrins on N80 steel surface thereby protecting the surface from direct acid attack. Quantum chemical calculations, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) were also carried out on the studied porphyrins and the results showed that the corrosion inhibition performances of the porphyrins could be related to their EHOMO, ELUMO, ω, and µ values. Monte Carlo simulation studies showed that THP has the highest adsorption energy, while T4PP has the least adsorption energy in agreement with the values of σ from quantum chemical calculations.