[Predictive factors of mortality of the burnt persons: study on 221 adults hospitalized between 2004 and 2009]. / Facteurs prédictifs de mortalité des brûlés : étude sur 221 adultes hospitalisés entre 2004 et 2009.

The objective of the present study is the evaluation of the predictive factors of mortality to a troop of Moroccan grown-up serious burnt persons. Variables analyzed in the study are: the age, the sex, the localization of the burn, the degree of burn, indicates Total Body Surface Area (TBSA), indicate Unit of Standard Burn (UBS) and the indication of leases, sepsis and the medical histories (tobacco, diabetes). Factors associated significantly to a mortality raised at the burned patients were the female genital organ, the localization of the burn at the level of the head, the sepsis, one TBSA greater or equal to 20%, an UBS greater or equal to 200 and an indication of leases greater or equal to 75. Other factors such as the age, the degree of burn and the histories did not show a significant difference. An evaluation and a good knowledge of factors associated to a high risk of death allow an adequate coverage of this category of patients.

Epidemiological analysis of burn patients in the military hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

A retrospective study was conducted of burn patients admitted to the military hospital in Rabat, Morocco, in the 6-yr period from 2004 to 2009. This is the first multivariate study to be performed in Morocco. The epidemiological data from the 291 patients hospitalized were collected and studied. The type of burn was indicated in 284 of the patients: 94% of the injuries were thermal burns, 4% were electrical burns, and 1.5% chemical burns. In 261 cases the exact aetiology was noted: 56% of accidents were caused by flames, 38% by hot liquids, 4% by electric current, and 2% by chemicals. The distribution of the Moroccan population is as follows: 0-4 yr, 7%; 5-l4 yr, 8%; 15-19 yr, 8%; 20-59 yr, 70%; over 60 yr, 7%. The male/female sex ratio was 1.63. The mean duration of hospitalization stay was 42 ± 62 days. The mean body surface area burned was 21 ± 18%. Total mortality was 5%; 57% of deaths were due to septic shock. Our results were similar to data from other studies in the literature, with certain characteristics in our series, especially the age bracket most affected, the body surface area burned, and the mechanisms of injury.

[Epidemiological and economic aspects of chelating therapy in the therapeutic center of thalassemia in Morocco]. / Aspects épidémiologiques et économiques des traitements chélateurs au centre thérapeutique de la thalassémie au Maroc.

The study aims to give a general idea about the new experience of chelating drugs among beta-thalassemia patients. It is a declarative survey. It was done in the therapy center of Morocco. Statistics were done in the Laboratory of Biological Essays in Kenitra. All economic and pharmacological data were given by Novartis. Sample size was 89. The only treatment available now in the therapy center is deferiprone. 78% of patients attending the service regularly take deferiprone as treatment while 13% of them combine deferiprone and deferoxamine. Most of the patients take treatments regularly. Chelators have reduced mortality. Patients taking deferoxamine experienced injection site reactions. Most of ADR due to deferiprone were digestive. In conclusion, the main problem with chelators in Morocco is lack of accessibility to drugs (except for some patients insured or payant).

[Update of a database on plants involved in the composition of 825 drugs: Pharmaplantes-Kénitra 98]. / Mise au point d'une base de données sur les plantes qui rentrent dans la composition de 825 médicaments: Pharmaplantes-Kénitra 98.

The main objective of this work lies in the setting up of a database on plants used in medicines which is aimed at pharmacological development of plant resources in Morocco. We have, as a first step, made an inventory of different plant species involved in medicine making in Morocco. This survey dealt with 825 miscellaneous pharmaceutical products and reveals the use of 445 different plant species in medicine making. For each plant species, we have also noted the parts of the plant which are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, we have taken an interest in plant extracts involved in this medicine making. The results show that in all these medicines contain 46 extracts of a vegetal nature. At the top of the list, menthol is used in the manufacture of 110 pharmaceutical products. Finally, an analysis per pharmaco-therapeutic family reveals the impact of the involvement of these plants on each of these families. In fact, it turns out that 204 plant species play a part in medicines classified in the family of gastro-entero-hepatology whereas only one plant is involved in anti-inflammatory medicines.

[Effect of vasopressin and indomethacin on provoked diuresis in pregnant and non-pregnant Meriones crassus]. / Effet de la vasopressine et de l'indométhacine sur la diurèse provoquée chez Meriones crassus gravide et non gravide.

The dynamics of induced diuresis was studied in Meriones crassus, a desert rodent species, during estrus and pregnancy. In response to hydration, pregnant Meriones crassus excrete excess water more rapidly than non pregnant females. Diuresis appears earlier in pregnant females indicating a more rapid inactivation of vasopressin. The possible interaction between vasopressin and prostaglandins, and its effect on renal excretion during pregnancy, was studied during arginine-vasopressin treatment and after inhibition of endogenous AVP and prostaglandins. Results show a decrease in renal response to endogenous vasopressin during pregnancy in Meriones crassus, which may be due to the increase in renal prostaglandin levels.

[Osmolality and secretion of vasopressins during pregnancy in Meriones crassus]. / Osmolalité et sécrétion de vasopressine au cours de la gestation chez Meriones crassus.

Endocrine and renal parameters were measured in a desert rodent, Meriones crassus. In virgin females, the urine and plasma osmolality was 2018 +/- 136 and 325 +/- 3 mosm/kg (m +/- SEM), the level of circulating vasopressin, 162 +/- 22 pg/ml and the plasma renin activity 14.3 +/- 0.9 ng/ml per h. During pregnancy, the renin-angiotensin system was activated, and the plasma vasopressin values remained similar to those of virgin animals in spite of a lower blood plasma osmotic pressure. During this period, the regulation of the hydromineral balance was modified. These data suggest a lowering of the osmotic thresholds for vasopressin and possibly also for thirst during pregnancy in this desert rodent.