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Neonatal seizures can lead to long-term neurodevelopmental problems. This study aims to identify predictors of poor developmental outcomes in neonates with seizures to aid in early intervention and referral for follow-up and rehabilitation. This observational study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology and Institute of Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Among 75 study cases of neonatal seizure, 23 died, and 46 were followed-up at 6 and 9 months after discharge. EEGs were performed on every patient. A comprehensive neurological examination and developmental evaluation were performed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley III). Three-fourths of neonates were born at term (76.1 %), and over half were male (56.5 %). The majority were appropriate for gestational age (79.7 %) and had an average birth weight of 2607 ± 696 g (±SD). Over half of the neonates (52.2 %) had adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, with global developmental delay being the most common. Recurrent seizures, the number of anticonvulsants needed to control seizures, and abnormal Electroencephalograms were identified as independent predictors of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study highlights the need for early referral for follow-up and rehabilitation of neonates with seizures having abnormal electroencephalograms, recurrent seizures and requiring more anticonvulsants to control seizures.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cyber-victimization is closely linked with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, etc., and has become a growing concern among university students in Bangladesh. In the era of globalization, smart gadgets, the internet, and other online resources are readily available, and these tools and devices have now become the primary method for cyberbullying. The authors aim to explore the impacts of cyber-victimization and other factors on anxiety and depression among university students in Bangladesh. METHODS: The primary data for this cross-sectional study were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. This study employs three widely used scales such as cyberbullying inventory, general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses are carried out to identify the factors associated with depression and anxiety among university students in Bangladesh. RESULTS: Findings depict that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students was 52.5% and 44.0%, respectively. Depressed respondents were considerably more likely to have difficulty sleeping (p < 0.001), spend more time on social media (p = 0.002), have suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001), and have a high cyber-victimization score (p < 0.001) compared to non-depressed respondents. In comparison with non-anxious respondents, anxious respondents were significantly more likely to: have sleeping difficulties (p < 0.001); spend more time on social media (p = 0.031); have suicidal thinking (p < 0.001); and have a comparatively high cyber-victimization score (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that a one-unit increase in the cyber-victimization score results in a 1.24 times higher chance of experiencing depression (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.31, p < 0.001), and a one-unit increase in the cyber-victimization score results in a 1.23 times higher chance of experiencing anxiety (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.30, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: University students are struggling with cyberbullying, which can lead to depression and anxiety levels. Promoting more cyberbullying awareness is necessary since failing to do so could result in a sustained or increased prevalence of anxiety and depression levels among students, which could have disastrous repercussions.
