[The detection of human papillomavirus 16, 18, 35 and 58 in cervical-uterine cancer and advanced degree of squamous intraepithelial lesions in Western Mexico: clinical-molecular correlation]. / Detección de papilomavirus humano tipos 16, 18, 35 y 58 en cáncer cervicouterino y lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de alto grado en el occidente de México: correlación clínico-molecular.

The purposes of this study were to estimate the infection frequency of Human Papilomavirus (HPV) and to identify the viral types in patients with diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer (UCC) and High Grade Squamous Intraepitelial lesions (HGSILs), and to correlate the molecular findings versus HPV infection suggestive clinical findings. Biopsies from 50 patients (37 HGSILs and 13 UCC) histopathologically diagnosed were studied. The presence of HPV were detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers for types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 58 among others, as well as specific primers for some of them. The frequencies for HPV 16, 18, 33, 35, and 58 in HGSIL samples were 24.3, 2.7, 0, 5.4 and 16.2% respectively. In UCC samples were 61.5, 7.7, 0, 0 and 15.4% with significative differences only for HPV 16. Clinical findings (histologic, colposcopic and histopathologic), showed deficient diagnostic accuracy in the identification of HPV 16 in HGSIL, wich resulted less frequent and there is a high frequency of HPV. These results are similar to those previously described in our country and the other populations, with the exception of HPV16 in HGSIL, wich resulted less frequent and there is a high frequency of HPV 58 in our region. When analyzing clinical features with the presence of HPV DNA, we conclude that these are insufficient to discard or establish the possibility of HPV infection in patients with HGSIL's and UUC.

Detección de papilomavirus humano tipos 16, 18, 35 y 58 en cáncer cervicouterino y lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de alto grado en el occidente de México: correlación clínico-molecular / Papilomavirus type 16, 18, 35 and 58 detection in cervicouterine cancer and high grade squamous intrapitelial lesions in México: Clinic-molecular-correlation

Los propósitos de este estudio fueron estimar la frecuencia de infección por papilomavirus humano (PVH) e identificar los tipos presentes en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer cerivicouterino (CaCu) y lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de alto grado (LEIAG) y correlacionar los hallazgos moleculares contra los hallazgos clíncos sugestivos de infección por PVH. Se estudiaron biopsias provenientes de 50 pacientes (37 LEIAG y 13 CaCu) diagnosticadas histopatológicamente. Se detectó la presencia de PVH por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) utilizando iniciadores consenso para los tipos 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 y 58 entre otros, así como iniciadores específicos para algunos tipos. Las frecuencias de infección para los PVH 16, 18, 33, 35 y 58 en las muestras de LEIAG fueron 24, 2, 0, 5 y 16 por ciento respectivamente. En las muestras de CaCu fueron 61, 7, 0, 0 y 15 por ciento encontrando diferencias significativas sólo para PVH 16. Los hallazgos clínicos (histológicos, colposcópicos e histopatológicos) mostraron una precisión diagnóstica deficiente en la identificación de PVH. Estos resultados son similares a aquellos informados en otras regiones de México con la excepción de la frecuencia de PVH 16 en LEIAG, la cual resultó menor y la frecuencia elevada de PVH 58 en nuestra región. Al contrastar los hallazgos colposcópicos, citológicos e histopatológicos con la presencia de DNA de PVH, concluimos que estos hallazgos son insuficientes para descartar o establecer la presencia de PVH en pacientes con LEIAG y CaCu.

Determination of diesel genotoxicity in firebreathers by micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa.

Diesel or its derivatives could have aneuploidogenic and/or clastogenic activity. Hence, the genotoxicity of diesel gases has been studied, considering exposure to them as potentially carcinogenic. The results obtained by different authors suggest the need to know the effects of direct and chronic exposure to diesel in humans, as in the case of the street workers called 'firebreathers' who fill their buccal cavity with diesel and then spread it to a burning torch many times during the day in order to give a 'dragon show' for 5 h a day and 6 days a week. The buccal samples of eight firebreathers were collected, processed and scored according to the criterion established by Tolbert et al., 1992 and then compared with positive and negative control groups. The results revealed that diesel was not micronucleogenic although it induces some nuclear abnormalities.

Induction of micronuclei in the domestic cat (Felis domesticus) peripheral blood by colchicine and cytosine-arabinoside.

One advantage of bioassays over other kinds of tests is the processing or metabolism of the compound by the organism. In a previous work, in which we reported the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in the peripheral blood of 35 species, the cat was one of the species with the highest number of micronuclei (MN). Cats have a low level of circulating polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), i.e. 0.05%, which is much lower than in the laboratory mouse, but higher than in species such as cows, donkeys, sheep, goats and horses. Thus, MN were scored in total blood erythrocytes. In the present work, we assess the cat as a test system for MN induction. Three doses of a colchicine-cytosine arabinoside mixture were administered to young cats during 4 days; then, the numbers of MNE in blood collected before the first injection and 48 and 96 h later were compared. The number of MNE increased with time, reaching the highest values in the samples taken 96 h after the administration of the micronucleogenic agents.

Micronucleated erythrocytes in splenectomized patients with and without chemotherapy.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the range of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in peripheral blood from splenectomized patients with and without genotoxic chemotherapy. The erythrocytes were stained with Wright and Giemsa for microscopic observation. To estimate the number of MNE, two series of 10000 erythrocytes per sample were analyzed and averaged. The results expressed as mean +/- standard deviation were as follows: control patients with genotoxic chemotherapy (n = 6) 2.5 +/- 1.5 (range 1 to 5 MNE); splenectomized patients with genotoxic chemotherapy (n = 7) 65.2 +/- 17.7 (range: 47-108) MNE and splenectomized patients without genotoxic chemotherapy (n = 13) 29.5 +/- 5.8 MNE; (range: 18.5-35.6). The MNE number in the patients treated with genotoxic chemotherapy depended on the type of drugs utilized: cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, busulphan, cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea. Upon these results, it is suggested that splenectomized people could be useful in monitoring exposures, and the baseline MNE level would serve as each person's pre-exposure control when either chronic or acute exposure to environmental mutagens is investigated.

Spontaneous micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes from 35 mammalian species.

In this paper we report the results of a study to determine the frequencies of spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in peripheral blood of 35 mammalian species. The main goal was to find mammals with a high spontaneous frequency of MNE that could, therefore, be good candidates for biomonitoring genotoxic agents in their natural habitat. We obtained 187 peripheral blood samples, but in 13 of the species we could only sample one individual. A wide range in the number of MNE (1/434 to 0/40,000 erythrocytes) was observed. Since the number of individuals per species is not high enough, this results should be cautiously considered. The cat, mouse, giraffe, pig, opossum and capuchin monkey seem to be suitable species for biomonitoring for genotoxic events.