Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of the 2022 Mpox Outbreak in Spain (CEME-22 Study).

Background: We conducted a multicentric national study (SEIMC-CEME-22), to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of the mpox outbreak in Spain, including the management of the disease. Methods: This was a retrospective national observational study conducted by Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) and Foundation SEIMC-GESIDA. We included patients with a confirmed mpox diagnosis before 13 July 2022, and attended at the Spanish health network (the early phase of the outbreak). Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data were collected. Results: Of a total of 1472 patients from 52 centers included, 99% of them were cisgender men, mostly middle-aged, and 98.6% were residents in Spain. The main suspected route of transmission was sexual exposure, primarily among MSM. Occupational exposure was reported in 6 patients. Immunosuppression was present in 40% of patients, mainly due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only 6.5% of patients had been vaccinated against orthopoxvirus. Virus sequencing was performed in 147 patients (all B.1 lineage). Rash was the most frequent symptom (95.7%), followed by fever (48.2%), adenopathies (44.4%) myalgias (20.7%), proctitis (17%), and headache (14.7%). Simultaneously diagnosed sexually transmitted infections included syphilis (n = 129), gonococcal infection (n = 91), HIV (n = 67), chlamydia (n = 56), hepatitis B (n = 14), and hepatitis C (n = 11). No therapy was used in 479 patients (33%). Symptomatic therapies and antibiotics were used in 50% of cases. The most used therapy regimens were systemic corticoids (90 patients), tecovirimat (6 patients), and cidofovir (13 patients). Smallpox immunoglobulins were used in 1 patient. Fifty-eight patients were hospitalized, and 1 patient died. Conclusions: Mpox outbreak in Spain affected primarily middle-aged men who were sexually active and showed a high rate of HIV infection. A range of heterogeneous therapeutics options was performed.

Prevalence of digestive disorders associated with imported Chagas disease (PADChI study): an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, in which up to 10-20% of those affected may suffer digestive disorders. Multiple studies have been carried out on CD in non-endemic countries, mainly related to cardiological involvement. However, digestive disorders have not been analyzed in such depth. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of digestive disorders in imported CD at the time of first care. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional descriptive analysis of imported CD was performed. Chagasic structural damage and infectious digestive comorbidity were evaluated. The association between Chagasic structural damage and heart disease in Chagas patients was also investigated. RESULTS: After reviewing a total of 1,216 medical records, those of 464 patients were selected for analysis. Globally, the prevalence of digestive disorders in imported Chagas was 57.76%, 95% CI (53.25-62.27). The prevalence of comorbidity of infectious diseases was 40.73% CI 95% (36.25-45.22). Colonic abnormalities were found in 84 of 378 barium enema patients. CD-related esophageal abnormalities were present in 63 of 380 patients studied with esophagogram. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of digestive disorders associated with CD is high, so the presence of infectious diseases (mainly parasitic and H. pylori infection) should be ruled out. It is important to exclude structural involvement in all symptomatic patients, and asymptomatic patients should also be considered and offered.

[Diagnosis and treatment of imported eosinophilia in travellers and immigrants: Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI)]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la eosinofilia importada en viajeros e inmigrantes: recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional (SEMTSI).

According to published data, prevalence of imported eosinophilia among travellers and immigrants is set between 8% and 28.5%. Etiological diagnosis is often troublesome, and depending on the depth of the study and on the population analyzed, a parasitic cause is identified in 17% to 75.9% of the individuals. Among the difficulties encountered to compare studies are the heterogeneity of the studied populations, the type of data collection (prospective/retrospective) and different diagnostic protocols. In this document the recommendations of the expert group of the Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI) for the diagnosis and treatment of imported eosinophilia are detailed.

[Imported malaria and HIV infection in Madrid. Clinical and epidemiological features]. / Paludismo importado e infección por VIH en Madrid. Perfil clínico y epidemiológico.

INTRODUCTION: Few data are available in Spain data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients coinfected with malaria. This study has aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria in patients coinfected with HIV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-series retrospective study was performed using the patient's medical records. The study population consisted on patients diagnosed with malaria attended in our center from january 1, 2002 to december 31, 2007. RESULTS: A total of 484 episodes of malaria, 398 of which were included in this study, were identified. Co-infection with HIV was described in 32 cases. All of them occurred in individuals presumably with some degree of semi-immunity. In the coinfected group, there were 13 cases (40.6%) asymptomatic, whereas this event occurred in 99 cases of patients not coinfected (37.2%) (P=0.707). The greater presence of anemia in co-infected patients (62.5% vs 32.3% in non-coinfected [P=0.001]) stands out. CONCLUSIONS: In present study, the clinical presentation forms were similar, regardless of the presence or absence of HIV infection. Although the study population does not reflect all possible scenarios of malaria and HIV coinfection, our results indicate the reality of patients attended in the Autonomous Community of Madrid.

[Imported malaria in adults. Clinical, epidemiological and analytical features]. / Paludismo importado en adultos. Perfil clínico, epidemiológico y analítico.

INTRODUCTION: Up to now, the epidemiological and clinical features of imported malaria in Spain have been described in small series from general hospitals. Almost all diagnosis had been made based on symptomatic patients. The aim of this study has been to determine the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial characteristics of imported malaria in a Reference Unit for Tropical Diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study. The series consisted of patients diagnosed of malaria who had been attended at the Hospital Carlos III from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2007. RESULTS: We identified 484 episodes of malaria, of which 398 cases were included in the analysis. Almost 50% of the patients were natives of endemic areas, while the rest were native-travelers or travelers. Most cases (88-98% according to the group) had not taken malaria chemoprophylaxis correctly when indicated. At the time of diagnosis, 30.4% of patients were asymptomatic and 28.1% of asymptomatic patients had anemia, 19.8% thrombocytopenia, 14% leukopenia, 5% hypocholesterolemia, 5% renal failure and 4.1% hypoglycemia. Low parasitemia was present in 97.5% of asymptomatic individuals compared to 80.5% of the symptomatic patients (P<0.001). DISCUSSION: Absence of chemoprophylaxis (or poor compliance) is the main reason for malaria in individuals traveling to endemic areas. Malaria must be ruled out in individuals coming from tropical countries with compatible symptoms, and it also should be suspected in certain groups of asymptomatic individuals with abnormal laboratorial parameters.

[Skin diseases and tropical medicine. Results from a prospective study (2004-2007)]. / Patología dermatológica y medicina tropical. Resultados de un estudio prospectivo (2004-2007).

INTRODUCTION: An increase of international trips has been taken place in recent years, being Spain one of the principal issuing countries of internationl tourism. Dermatological diseases returning from tropical areas are frequent causes of medical consultation. Etiology is varied. OBJECTIVE. The aims of the present study are: to evaluate the importance of dermatological pathology in patients who come to a consultation of Tropical Medicine; to analyze the influence of duration, motive and the destination of the trip; and to describe the most frequent entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational prospective study was realized, including all Spanish people older than 18 years-old who came to a consultation of Tropical Medicine. The period of study was between January 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2007. Epidemiological and clinical items were collected from the group of patients with dermatological pathology. RESULTS: There were attended 3,351 new consultations, with 660 cases of skin diseases. The infectious pathology constituted an almost the half (48.5%) of the dermatological pathology (320 cases). The injuries more frequently described were associated with stings arthropods (113 cases) and cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) (84), mycoses (52) and urticaria (43). CONCLUSIONS: The appearance of dermatosis in the travelers seems to be determined by the motive, the duration and the destination. Given the heterogeneity of the pathology, the recognition of the injuries is fundamental to initiate the suitable treatment.