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Front Immunol ; 9: 2940, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30619300

RESUMO

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells expressing the fusion of the NKG2D protein with CD3ζ (NKG2D-CAR T Cells) acquire a specificity for stress-induced ligands expressed on hematological and solid cancers. However, these stress ligands are also transiently expressed by activated T cells implying that NKG2D-based T cells may undergo self-killing (fratricide) during cell manufacturing or during the freeze thaw cycle prior to infusion in patients. To avoid target-driven fratricide and enable the production of NKG2D-CAR T cells for clinical application, two distinct approaches were investigated. The first focused upon the inclusion of a Phosphoinositol-3-Kinase inhibitor (LY294002) into the production process. A second strategy involved the inclusion of antibody blockade of NKG2D itself. Both processes impacted T cell fratricide, albeit at different levels with the antibody process being the most effective in terms of cell yield. While both approaches generated comparable NKG2D-CAR T cells, there were subtle differences, for example in differentiation status, that were fine-tuned through the phasing of the inhibitor and antibody during culture in order to generate a highly potent NKG2D-CAR T cell product. By means of targeted inhibition of NKG2D expression or generic inhibition of enzyme function, target-driven CAR T fratricide can be overcome. These strategies have been incorporated into on-going clinical trials to enable a highly efficient and reproducible manufacturing process for NKG2D-CAR T cells.


Assuntos
Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Subfamília K de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Anticorpos Bloqueadores/imunologia , Anticorpos Bloqueadores/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cromonas/farmacologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Células K562 , Ligantes , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Subfamília K de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/antagonistas & inibidores , Subfamília K de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo
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