An Analytical Approach by Tri-Combination of Gradient UFLC, Response Surface Methodology and Green Chemistry Principle for Simultaneous Quantification of Azelnidipine and Chlorthalidone in Rabbit Plasma.

In this study, a sustainable and eco-friendly method is developed to quantify azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in rabbit plasma by gradient liquid chromatography based on green chemistry principle and analytical quality by design. The separation was achieved on a Shim pack C18 (25 cm × 5 cm × 4.6 µm) column with L1 packing. The mobile phase compromised of ethanol and 50-Mm ammonium acetate buffer (pH.6) at flow rate of 0.6 mL/min with 25-min runtime. The resolution and asymmetric factor were identified as critical analytical attributes (CAAs). The screening studies employing Control Noise Experimentation revealed that mobile phase pH, flow rate and ethanol concentration at 6 and 15 min significantly affected the CAAs method. The critical method parameters were optimized using Central Composition design. Chromatogram showed peak of the drugs at retention time of 9.03 min for chlorthalidone and 16.83 min for azelnidipine. The greenness score of the analytical method was found to be 1876.43 using analytical method greenness score calculator. The validation of the developed method was done which showed linearity at the range of 16-520 ng/mL, with R2 of 0.9992 and 0.9996 for azelnidipine and chlorthalidone, respectively, furthermore accuracy, precision, recovery and stability studies are carried out.

Computational analysis of affinity dynamics between the variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD) and human ACE-2 receptor.

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a significant worldwide health emergency known as the COVID-19 pandemic. This crisis has been marked by the widespread of various variants, with certain ones causing notable apprehension. In this study, we harnessed computational techniques to scrutinize these Variants of Concern (VOCs), including various Omicron subvariants. Our approach involved the use of protein structure prediction algorithms and molecular docking techniques, we have investigated the effects of mutations within the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and how these mutations influence its interactions with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) receptor. Further we have predicted the structural alterations in the RBD of naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variants using the tr-Rosetta algorithm. Subsequent docking and binding analysis employing HADDOCK and PRODIGY illuminated crucial interactions occurring at the Receptor-Binding Motif (RBM). Our findings revealed a hierarchy of increased binding affinity between the human ACE2 receptor and the various RBDs, in the order of wild type (Wuhan-strain) < Beta < Alpha < Gamma < Omicron-B.1.1.529 < Delta < Omicron-BA.2.12.1 < Omicron-BA.5.2.1 < Omicron-BA.1.1. Notably, Omicron-BA.1.1 demonstrated the highest binding affinity of -17.4 kcal mol-1 to the hACE2 receptor when compared to all the mutant complexes. Additionally, our examination indicated that mutations occurring in active residues of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) consistently improved the binding affinity and intermolecular interactions in all mutant complexes. Analysis of the differences among variants has laid a foundation for the structure-based drug design targeting the RBD region of SARS-CoV-2.

Greener Approach for Synthesis of δ-MnO2 Nanoparticles: Access to Pharmaceutically Important Pyrimidines and their Antimicrobial Activity Studies.

A sustainable approach for pharmaceutically important pyrimidine derivatives is achieved by using biogenically produced single-phase δ-MnO2 NPs under external ligand-free conditions. The phytochemicals that comprise the extract of Areca Nut Husk (ANH) have been discovered to serve as reducing agents. The role of phytochemicals is not only to aid in the reduction of Mn(VII) into Mn(IV), but they also have an important role in stabilizing the catalyst. The establishment of δ-MnO2 NPs was confirmed inveterate by FE-SEM, p-XRD, ICP-OES (Mn content = 43.17% w/w), EDX, and with an active Mn content of 43.17% w/w. A series of pyrimidine derivatives were prepared in good yields using a one-pot multicomponent synthesis approach under atmospheric conditions. In addition, hot filtration tests, control experiments, gram-scale synthesis, and mechanistic investigations were demonstrated. Additionally, antimicrobial activity studies of δ-MnO2 NPs and pyrimidine derivatives against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, growth curve and minimum inhibitory concentration were studied.

Microorganism-mediated bioremediation of dyes from contaminated soil: Mechanisms, recent advances, and future perspectives.

Many methods have been proposed for the remediation of dye-contaminated soils, a widespread form of environment pollution. Bioremediation, it is hoped, can combine ecological benefits with efficiency of dye decontamination. We review the types and sources of dye contaminants; their possible effects on plant, animal, and human health; and emerging strategies for microbial bioremediation. Challenges, limitations, recommendations for future research, and prospects for large-scale commercialization of microbial bioremediation are discussed.

RSM-based modelling for predicting and optimizing the rheological and mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced laterized self-compacting concrete.

A sustainable method to reduce the use of natural resources and the negative effects of the concrete industry on the environment is to use waste lateritic aggregate in self-compacting concrete and evaluate its fresh, mechanical and durability characteristics. Using RSM's central composite design (CCD), Thirteen different SCC mixtures have been designed with varying input factor combinations (LA: 0-100%, PPF: 0-2%) and tested for eight responses (rheological properties, like slump flow, V-funnel time, and T500; mechanical properties, like compressive, split-tensile, and flexural strengths, and durability properties like drying shrinkage and rapid chloride penetration test). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to determine the accuracy of the mathematical models developed following the experimental results. ANOVA was used to verify eight response models (seven quadratic and one linear). The inclusion of laterite aggregate has been found to linearly reduce the workability of fresh concrete. Self-compacting concrete will have a lower V-funnel value if any combination of components falls below these two limit values (31% LA and 1.12% PPF). The area bounded by the 760-mm contour line and the graph axes recorded the highest slump flow at (28% LA and 1.26% PPF). Similarly, SCC with a lower T500 value will be produced by any combination of components below these two limit values (25% LA and 1.11% PPF). By replacing 28.5% of the granite aggregate with laterite aggregate and adding 1.24% polypropylene fiber, the compressive strength of M30 grade self-compacting concrete increased by 12.33% after 28 days. A similar strength gain of 7.89% was seen in the splitting tensile by replacing 28% of the granite aggregate with laterite aggregate and adding 1.46% polypropylene fiber over the control mix, and a flexural strength gain of 14.46% was seen by replacing 31.4% of laterite aggregate and adding 1.2% polypropylene fiber, respectively. The low drying shrinkage values are related to a combination of LA concentration (34.4% replacement) and PPF (1.31%) and minimum chloride ingress is located in the region with a LA concentration (30.5% replacement) and a PPF content (1.26%), The projected optimal data were verified experimentally with an error rate of less than 5%. Thus, it is highly recommended that the created model be adequate and capable of optimizing both the experimental and analytical values. It is recommended that the utilization of 25% LA and 1% PPF in lateritic self-compacting concrete provides optimum outcomes for the construction industry in the field of civil engineering.

Laparoscopic repair of iatrogenic celiac artery injury during median arcuate ligament release: A retrospection and tips at troubleshooting.

ABSTRACT: Median arcuate ligament (MAL) syndrome or celiac artery (CA) compression syndrome previously treated mainly by vascular surgeons using the open approach is now being increasingly performed by general surgeons with training in advanced laparoscopy. Although this approach has all the advantages of minimal access surgery, the procedure is fraught with serious complications like injury to major vascular structures during dissection. Vascular injury by far is the major cause of conversion to open procedure. Herein, we report a laparoscopic repair of iatrogenic CA injury by intra-corporeal suturing during MAL release. We also elaborate the causes, the preventive measures that can be applied to avoid such catastrophic occurrences in future. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a laparoscopic repair of CA bleed during MAL release.

Moderate modulation by S-nitrosoglutathione of photorespiratory enzymes in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves, compared to the strong effects of high light.

When plants are exposed to water stress, photosynthesis is downregulated due to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). In contrast, photorespiratory metabolism protected photosynthesis and sustained yield. Modulation of photorespiration by ROS was established, but the effect of NO on photorespiratory metabolism was unclear. We, therefore, examined the impact of externally added NO by using S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a natural NO donor, in leaf discs of pea (Pisum sativum) under dark or light: moderate or high light (HL). Maximum NO accumulation with GSNO was under high light. The presence of 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a NO scavenger, prevented the increase in NO, confirming the release of NO in leaves. The increase in S-nitrosothiols and tyrosine-nitrated proteins on exposure to GSNO confirmed the nitrosative stress in leaves. However, the changes by GSNO in the activities and transcripts of five photorespiratory enzymes: glycolate oxidase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, catalase, glycerate kinase, and phosphoglycolate phosphatase activities were marginal. The changes in photorespiratory enzymes caused by GSNO were much less than those with HL. Since GSNO caused only mild oxidative stress, we felt that the key modulator of photorespiration might be ROS, but not NO.

A Retrospective Study Comparing Laparoscopic Transabdominal Cerclage: Pre-Pregnancy Versus in Pregnancy With Their Reproductive Outcomes and Safety.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage (TAC) pre-pregnancy and laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy in treating cervical insufficiency. METHOD: A retrospective analytical study comparing outcomes of laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy with laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy. A total of 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic TAC at our hospital were enrolled in the study. In total, 122 patients underwent interval cerclage, and 56 patients underwent cerclage during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 178 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Second-trimester abortions decreased by 50%, with an overall increase in full-term live births (32.53%) in patients undergoing laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy. The fetal survival rate was around 90% and 85% with laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy and laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy, respectively. Although the obstetric outcomes of laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy and in pregnancy were comparable, laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy was safer than laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy due to the complications associated with the procedure during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic TAC pre-pregnancy yielded better reproductive outcomes than laparoscopic TAC in pregnancy and was associated with fewer perioperative complications.

Generation of 5-Strand Hamstring Autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction-A Technical Note.

Hamstring tendons are a very commonly used autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Given that larger hamstring graft diameter has been shown to positively affect outcomes after ACL reconstruction, several techniques have been developed to optimize this variable. In this technical note, we describe the operative technique for generation of a 5-strand hamstring autograft via tripling of the semitendinosus tendon and doubling of the gracilis tendon, which can serve to maximize graft diameter, especially in patient populations with undersized hamstring tendons at baseline.

Novel Hystero-laparoscopic Technique for LNG-IUD Fixation in Women with High Risk of Expulsion and Desiring to Save the Uterus.

Introduction: LNG-IUD although used extensively for its non-contraceptive indications like abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), dysmenorrhoea and fibroid uterus, one of the major drawbacks is the high expulsion rates, especially among adenomyotic and fibroid uterus. Material and Methods: Altius Hospitals, Bangalore have developed a new technique of LNG-IUD fixation, which employs hystero-laparoscopy and usage of a long port closure needle with delayed absorbable sutures. Conclusion: It ensures proper placement and fixation of the LNG-IUD to the uterine cavity, reduces the expulsion rates and has the advantages of being a day care procedure. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13224-023-01788-2.

Room-Temperature Synthesis of Biogenic δ-MnO2 NPs for the Dehydrogenative Coupling of Diamines with Alcohols for Benzimidazole and Quinoxaline Synthesis: An Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Applications.

An efficient, unique, and eco-friendly biogenic synthesis of single-crystalline δ-phase manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) using Gliricidia sepium leaves (GSL) extract at room temperature has been revealed for the first time. The active chemicals present in the GSL extract were found to serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The catalyst shows an excellent surface area of 301.13 m2 g-1, a mean pore diameter of 4.01 nm, and 39.97% w/w of active metal content. The reactivity of the synthesized catalyst was demonstrated by achieving a one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles and quinoxalines via an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling strategy utilizing biorenewable alcohols. The release of hydrogen gas was observed as the only side product and proven by its successful utilization for alkene reduction which supports the mechanistic elucidation. The release of hydrogen gas as a useful byproduct highlights the scientific importance of the present methodology. Additionally, gram-scale synthesis and catalyst recyclability studies are deliberated. Importantly, the δ-MnO2 NP catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and high durability toward hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media, highlighting the dual use of the catalyst. The δ-MnO2 NPs attain the current density of 10 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 154 mV with a Tafel slope of 119 mV/dec.

Novel laparo-endoscopic hybrid technique of management of a rare case of duodeno-duodenal intussusception.

We herein report a rare case of duodeno-duodenal intussusception (IS) presenting with obstruction caused by tubulovillous adenoma in an adult with malrotation that was managed by a novel laparoendoscopic hybrid technique. This was done by passing transjejunal nasogastric tube (NG) through one of the ports and manoeuvring it towards the IS. Two hundred and fifty millilitre of saline was flushed by aseptosyringe with pressure connected to the NG. This hydrostatic reduction technique resulted in distension of the jejunal and duodenal loop achieving reduction of IS. Intraoperative endoscopy was performed to exactly localise the mass lesion. The duodenum was kocherised and was delivered through a 4-cm transverse incision. Anterior duodenotomy was performed; the mass was excised; and duodenotomy was closed transversely. An extensive literature search did not show any case report of duodenoduodenal IS being managed by this technique. The combination of novel retrograde decompression and intraoperative endoscopy helped us to manage this rare case by this novel technique.

Correction: AlCl3@ZnO nanostructured material: an efficient green catalyst for the one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3RA04277D.].

Pharmaceutical/Biomedical applications of electrospun nanofibers - Comprehensive review, attentive to process parameters and patent landscape.

Nanotechnology is a new science and business endeavour with worldwide economic benefits. Growing knowledge of nanomaterial fabrication techniques has increased the focus on nanomaterial preparation for various purposes. Nanofibers are one-dimensional nanomaterials having distinct physicochemical properties and characteristics. Nanofibers are nanomaterial types with a cross-sectional dimension of tens to hundreds of nanometres. They may create high porosity mesh networks with significant interconnections among pores, making them suitable for advanced applications. Electrospinning stands out for its ease of use, flexibility, low cost, and variety among the approaches described in the literature. The most common method for making nanofibers is electrospinning. This article extensively describes and summarizes the impact of various process variables on the fabrication of nanofibers. Special attention has been given to scientific and patent prospection to confirm the research interests in nanofibers.

AlCl3@ZnO nanostructured material: an efficient green catalyst for the one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines.

AlCl3-loaded ZnO nanoparticles have been explored as an efficient catalyst for 1,4-dihydropyridine synthesis under ambient temperature and solvent-free conditions. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple solution-based precipitation technique using a stoichiometric amount of zinc sulfate and oxalic acid. The AlCl3@ZnO nanocrystalline catalyst was prepared by loading 20% AlCl3 on ZnO nanoparticles by a simple wet-impregnation technique. This catalyst efficiently performed Hantzsch pyridine reactions with various aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate. The nanostructured AlCl3-loaded ZnO catalyst was characterized by UV-DRS, XRD, FESEM, EDS, FETEM-STEM-EDS and XPS techniques. The comprehensive characterization reveals the formation of AlCl3-loaded ZnO catalysts with an average particle size of 70-80 nm. The loading of AlCl3 on the ZnO surface was confirmed by minor shifts in the XPS and XRD peaks. FETEM-STEM-EDS also indicates reasonable AlCl3 loading on ZnO nanoparticles. The 20% AlCl3-loaded ZnO nanocatalyst (AlCl3@ZnO) confers 92% yield for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine under solvent-free and ambient temperature conditions. The synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridines were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The reported catalyst is highly efficient, environmentally friendly and could become an alternative to homogenous and heterogenous catalytic reactions.

Augmented baseplates in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review of outcomes and complications.

Background: Glenoid wear secondary to primary osteoarthritis or rotator cuff arthropathy is an obstacle commonly encountered by surgeons performing reverse shoulder arthroplasty, with numerous techniques devised to address this finding. The most recent of such techniques is the introduction of augmented glenoid baseplates to fill these glenoid defects. The objectives of this systematic review are to analyze clinical outcomes of augmented baseplates in patients with glenoid wear, including pain, range of motion, patient-reported functional scores, radiographic outcome measures, complication rates, and revision rates. Methods: Three online databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed) were searched for studies publishing clinical and functional outcomes of augmented baseplates in primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Findings were aggregated and frequency-weighted means of these variables were calculated when applicable. Results: Seven studies comprising 810 patients were included in this review. The mean patient age was 72.1 ± 8.1 years with an average follow-up time of 41.4 months. Frequency-weighted means of improvement in forward elevation, abduction, and active external rotation were 53°, 47°, and 19°, respectively. Patients experienced American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test, and Constant score improvements of 45.9, 5.9, and 33.7, respectively. Pooled complicated rate was 6.4%, with 10 cases of baseplate loosening and 3 cases of instability. Five (0.6%) patients required reoperation. Subdividing among augment type (posterior, superior, posterosuperior), there were no apparent differences in outcomes or complication rates between directional augments. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that augmented baseplates for reverse shoulder arthroplasty provide positive outcomes both clinically and functionally at early follow-up. Complications are within an acceptable range for primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty, with a low rate of revision. Augmented baseplates should serve as a viable option for surgeons seeking to address glenoid wear during reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Wear Characterization of Phenol-Formaldehyde-Based Saguvani Wood-Polymer Composite-An ANOVA Approach.

In this part of the research work, the Taguchi approach is used to analyze the weight wear loss of PF-based 10% chemically treated saguvani wood-polymer composite under dry sliding conditions. The fabrication of PF-based wood-polymer composite consisting of 10% chemically treated saguvani wood particles as reinforcement material filled with coconut shell powder is used. The rotary-drum-type blender is used for uniform mixing of reinforcement materials with resin as per the calculated volume ratio. The inclusion of coconut shell powder as secondary particles in the PF-based wood plastic composite minimizes the wearability of the composite. The Taguchi method is used successfully to analyze the wear behavior of the PF-based wood-polymer composite with sliding speed, load, and sliding distance as control parameters. The experimental work reveals that the composite C1 shows minimum wear loss compared to the other composite specimens, C2 and C3. And the most influential parameter that causes more wear is the sliding distance among the three control parameters.

Molecular characterization and antifungal activity of lipopeptides produced from Bacillus subtilis against plant fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata.

Over 380 host plant species have been known to develop leaf spots as a result of the fungus Alternaria alternata. It is an aspiring pathogen that affects a variety of hosts and causes rots, blights, and leaf spots on different plant sections. In this investigation, the lipopeptides from the B. subtilis strains T3, T4, T5, and T6 were evaluated for their antifungal activities. In the genomic DNA, iturin, surfactin, and fengycin genes were found recovered from B. subtilis bacterium by PCR amplification. From different B. subtilis strains, antifungal Lipopeptides were extracted, identified by HPLC, and quantified with values for T3 (24 g/ml), T4 (32 g/ml), T5 (28 g/ml), and T6 (18 g/ml). To test the antifungal activity, the isolated lipopeptides from the B. subtilis T3, T4, T5, and T6 strains were applied to Alternaria alternata at a concentration of 10 g/ml. Lipopeptides were found to suppress Alternaria alternata at rates of T3 (75.14%), T4 (75.93%), T5 (80.40%), and T6 (85.88%). The T6 strain outperformed the other three by having the highest antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata (85.88%).

Drug target of natural products and COVID-19: how far has science progressed?

The new coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] that caused a viral disease with a high risk of mortality (coronavirus disease 2019) was found toward the end of 2019. This was a significant acute respiratory syndrome. In a brief period, this virus spread throughout the entire planet, causing tremendous loss of life and economic damage. The process of developing new treatments takes time, and there are presently no recognized specific treatments to treat this infection. The most promising participants, who subsequently developed into prospective leads, were dropped from the clinical research in their latter phases. Medication that has previously acquired permission may only be repurposed for use for various medical reasons following a thorough investigation for safety and effectiveness. Because there are now no effective treatments available, natural products are being used haphazardly as antiviral medications and immunity boosters. The fundamental statement that most natural compounds have powerful antiviral action does not apply to SARS-CoV-2. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections are inhibited by natural treatments. According to an in silico study, the virus' nonstructural proteins, including PLpro, Mpro, and RdRp, as well as structural proteins like the spike (S) protein, have been shown to have a strong affinity for several natural products and to be inhibited by them. The virus also suggests that it is a valid candidate for therapeutic research since it utilizes the intracellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell. In this study, interesting targets for SARS-CoV-2 medication development are explored, as well as the antiviral properties of some well-known natural compounds.